Zinc

Copper

Nickel

Germanium

1s²2s²2p⁶3s2, 3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁵

1s²2s²2p⁴

1s²2s²2p⁶

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹

3

6

8

10

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁷

Hund’s Rule

Aufbau Principle

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Neon

Magnesium

Aluminum

Potassium

7

5

2

8

8

10

2

4

Argon

Krypton

Selenium

Bromide

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d⁶

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d⁸

1s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d⁶

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s¹3d⁶

states that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available

states that -no two electrons in the same orbital can have the same spin

states that single electrons electrons with the same spin must occupy each-energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals

$$1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^4$$

$$1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^5$$

$$1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6$$

$$1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^3$$

Carbon

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Fluorine

2

4

6

8