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WorksheetsUnit 6 AP Biology
Total questions: 25
Worksheet time: 25mins
What kind of chemical bond is found between paired bases of the DNA double helix?
hydrogen
ionic
covalent
What is meant by the description ʺantiparallelʺ regarding the strands that make up DNA?
The 5ʹ to 3ʹ direction of one strand runs counter to the 5ʹ to 3ʹ direction of the other strand.
One strand is positively charged and the other is negatively charged.
Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a DNA strand in the 5ʹ → 3ʹ direction?
primase
DNA ligase
DNA Polymerase
helicase
What determines the nucleotide sequence of the newly synthesized strand during DNA replication?
the nucleotide sequence of the template strand
the primase used in the reaction
Explain how the structure of the cell membrane contributes to its function.
The rigid structure provides support and protection.
The fluid mosaic model allows selective permeability.
The thick layer prevents all substances from entering.
The solid structure allows for easy transport of materials.
Describe the role of ribosomes in a cell.
They store genetic information.
They synthesize proteins.
They break down waste materials.
They transport substances across the cell membrane.
Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleolus within the nucleus?
It stores DNA.
It synthesizes ribosomal RNA.
It regulates cell division.
It modifies proteins.
Compare and contrast the functions of the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Both synthesize proteins; the rough ER also detoxifies chemicals.
The smooth ER synthesizes lipids; the rough ER synthesizes proteins.
Both store calcium ions; the smooth ER also synthesizes proteins.
The rough ER detoxifies chemicals; the smooth ER stores genetic material.
What is the primary function of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?
Photosynthesis
Protein synthesis
Energy production
Lipid storage
A cell is observed to have a large number of lysosomes. What might this indicate about the cell's function?
It is involved in energy production.
It is involved in protein synthesis.
It is involved in waste processing and recycling.
It is involved in lipid storage.
Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosome
You briefly expose bacteria undergoing DNA replication to radioactively labeled nucleotides. When you centrifuge the DNA isolated from the bacteria, the DNA separates into two classes. One class of labeled DNA includes very large molecules (thousands or even millions of nucleotides long), and the other includes short stretches of DNA (several hundred to a few thousand nucleotides in length). These two classes of DNA probably represent
leading strands and Okazaki fragments
lagging strands and Okazaki fragments.
Which of the following separates the DNA strands during replication?
helicase
DNA polymerase
primase
The leading and the lagging strands differ in that
the leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction.
the leading strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3ʹ end of the growing strand, and the lagging strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 5ʹ end.
A new DNA strand elongates only in the 5ʹ to 3ʹ direction because
DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the free 3ʹ end
Okazaki fragments prevent elongation in the 3ʹ to 5ʹ direction.
When DNA is compacted by histones into 10 nm and 30 nm fibers, the DNA is unable to interact with proteins required for gene expression. Therefore, to allow for these proteins to act, the chromatin must constantly alter its structure. Which processes contribute to this dynamic activity?
methylation and phosphorylation of histone tails
nucleotide excision and reconstruction
Based your answer on the figure: A mutation results in a defective enzyme A. Which of the following would be a consequence of that mutation?
an accumulation of A and no production of B and C
an accumulation of A and B and no production of C
In which of the following actions does RNA polymerase differ from DNA polymerase?
RNA polymerase can initiate RNA synthesis, but DNA polymerase requires a primer to initiate DNA synthesis.
RNA polymerase binds to single-stranded DNA, and DNA polymerase binds to double-stranded DNA.
A mutation in which of the following parts of a gene is likely to be most damaging to a cell?
intron
exon
Which phase of the cell cycle is primarily responsible for DNA replication?
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
M phase
What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?
It synthesizes RNA primers.
It unwinds the DNA double helix.
It joins Okazaki fragments.
It adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand.
During which process is mRNA synthesized from a DNA template?
Translation
Transcription
Replication
Splicing
Which of the following best describes the function of tRNA during protein synthesis?
It carries amino acids to the ribosome.
It forms the structural components of ribosomes.
It serves as a template for mRNA synthesis.
It catalyzes peptide bond formation.
What is the significance of the 5' cap and poly-A tail in mRNA processing?
They facilitate the export of mRNA from the nucleus.
They are involved in the splicing of introns.
They prevent the degradation of mRNA.
They are required for the initiation of transcription.
Which of the following processes occurs in the mitochondria and is crucial for ATP production?
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Photosynthesis
Fermentation
