A large medieval church known for its elaborate architecture.

Eastern branch of the Christian church that was headquartered in the Byzantine Empire and later spread throughout Eastern Europe and Russia.

1054; the formal split of the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.

Organization of people in the same craft or trade, joined together for economic protection and quality control; similar to modern unions.

A deadly contagious disease caused by bacteria and spread by fleas; killed approximately 30-50% of Europe’s population; also known as the Black Death.

1215; Great Charter; written agreement that limited the King of England’s power and strengthened the rights of nobles; led to ideas about individual rights.

A court order that requires an arrested person be brought before a judge or court to determine if their imprisonment is lawful or they should be released.

An assembly of representatives who make laws; originated in England.

Originally the Eastern Roman Empire; a vast and powerful civilization that lasted for over 1,000 years; a crossroads between Europe, Asia, and Africa.

529 A.D.; Reorganized code of law that preserved and updated Roman law in the Byzantine Empire.

1337-1453; a series of wars between France and England which changed the way wars were fought and shifted power to the common people; led to the end of Feudalism.

Norman (French) Duke who believed he was the rightful king of England; invaded England, became king, and helped spread Feudalism in England.

Invasion battle in 1066 in which William the Conqueror defeated King Harold.