An envelope of mixed gases held to the Earth by gravity; the most dense gases are near the surface of the Earth.

The process of water vapor cooling and changing into liquid droplets, forming clouds

The long-term pattern of weather in an area.

When temperature differences cause liquids and gases (fluids) to expand and move; the less dense areas continually rise; the more dense

The effect of the Earth’s rotation on the path of air and water; causes the path to curve.

A climate pattern where warm ocean waters disrupt normal weather patterns, bringing heavy rains or droughts.

The process of liquid water turning into water vapor.

The ice, water vapor, and liquid water in the atmosphere, including oceans, lakes, streams, soils, and groundwater.

A fast-moving ribbon of air in the upper atmosphere that influences weather patterns.

A climate pattern where cool ocean waters cause stronger trade winds and drier conditions.

Water that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.

The continuous movement of water between Earth's surface and the atmosphere.

The condition of the atmosphere at a place for a short period of time, including humidity, cloud cover, temperature, wind, and precipitation.