A _____ is a complete collection of all elements (scores, people, etc.) to be studied.

A t is a collection of data from every element of a population.

A _____ is a subcollection of elements drawn from a population.

In a t, each member of the population has an equally likely chance of being selected. The members of the sample are chosen independently of one another.

A _____ is a sample that is chosen because of its convenient proximity and accessibility to the researcher

In a _____, the population is divided into subgroups, so that each population member is in only one subgroup. Here, individuals are chosen randomly from each subgroup.

A _____ is a sample that consists of items in a group, such as a neighborhood or a household. The group may be chosen at random.

A _____ is obtained using an ordered list of the population, thus selecting members systematically from the list.

_____ consists of numbers representing counts or measurements.

_____ can be separated into different categories distinguished by some non-numeric characteristics.

heights of the students in a grade 7 class

names given to babies born in the 2000s

number of teachers in Peniel Integrated Christian Academy of Rizal.

customers’ rating (for example: excellent, satisfactory, or poor) on a certain product bought online

_____ result from either a finite number of possible values or a countable number of possible values such as 0, 1, 2, and so on.

_____ results from infinitely many possible values that can be associated with points on a continuous scale in such a way that there are no gaps or interruptions

The _____ is characterized by data that consist of names, labels, or categories only.

The _____ involves data that may be arranged in some order, but differences between data values either cannot be determined or are meaningless.

The _____ is like the ordinal level, but meaningful amounts of differences between data can be determined. It has no inherent (natural) zero starting point (where none of the quantity is present).

The ratio level of measurement is the interval level modified to include the inherent zero starting point (where zero indicates that one of the quantity is present).

Mechanics have to say whether changing the spark plugs on a new model of a car is very difficult, difficult, easy, or very easy.

Consumers must say whether they prefer brand A, brand B, or no opinion at all.

Military ranks

Number of passengers on provincial buses

IQ of a Grade 7 student

A class adviser requests parents to answer this questionnaire:

a. How often do you consult your child about his or her performance at school?

All the time Frequently Sometimes Never

b. How much effort do you give your child?

A lot of effort A bit of effort Some effort No effort

What type of data collection method does the class adviser use?

The following data were obtained from the survey on the number of cell phones possessed by each family. The data collected initially is called _____. These are the unprocessed data gathered directly during a survey or research study. In its original form, _____ often appears unstructured and lacks clear patterns or meaningful insights.

Set up a table using three columns.

Read each item in the raw data and mark a stroke (or tally) in the Tally column in the same row as its class.

3. The frequency of the class is the number of times each class occurs. Write down the frequency of each class by counting its corresponding tally marks. Find the sum of all the frequencies and write it as shown below.

The table formed is called a _____. A _____ shows clear and definite information about a set of data. With the _____, we can easily tell which class has the lowest frequency.

Scores of 40 students in a 20-point Math quiz.

The frequency table can be obtained by using the _____.

What is the lowest score?

What is the highest score?

• The data represented by Table 1, where the tally marks are dropped, is called grouped data. Hence, we call it a _____. • The table shows six class intervals, starting from the lowest class interval (9-10) and ending at the highest interval (19-20).

The class intervals are nonoverlapping so that no single item can fall into two classes.

In the class interval 9-10, the lower limit is 9 and the upper limit is 10. Hence, the left member of the class interval is the lower limit, while the right member is the upper limit.

Get the difference between the highest score and the lowest score. Add 1 to the difference to arrive at the total number of scores or potential scores. The difference between the highest score and the lowest score is called the range.

Range = 20 - 9 = 11 Total number of potential scores = 11 + 1 = 12

Decide on the number of class intervals that are appropriate to the given set of data. Divide the final number on Step 1 by the desired number of class intervals to arrive at the width of the class interval (i). If 6 is the desired number of the class intervals, then:

i = 12/6 = 2

Write the lowest score in the set of raw scores as the lower limit in the lowest class interval. Add to this value i - 1 to obtain the upper limit in the lowest class interval. The lowest score is 9. Thus, the lowest class interval is 9 - 10 since 9 + i - 1 = 9 + 2 - 1 = 10

The next lower limit can be obtained by adding i to the lower limit of the previous class interval. To get the corresponding upper limit for this class interval, follow Step 3 or add i to the preceding upper limit. Thus, the next lower limit is 11, and the corresponding upper limit is 12, since 9 + 2 = 11 and 10 + 2 = 12.

Continue Step 4 until all the scores are included in their corresponding class intervals.

Prepare a _____on the scores of 40 students in a Math exam. Shown below are their scores. Use i = 5.

71

99

71

71 + I(5) - 1 - 71 - 5 + 1 = 75

The _____ of a given score are the plus or minus one half of the unit of measure or the place value of the given score. Thus, the true limits of the following scores are as follows:

1) 5, 5 ± 0.5, or 4.5 - 5.5

2) 5.2, 5.2 ± 0.05, or 5.15 - 5.25

3) 5.23, 5.23 ± 0.005, or 5.225-5.235

A _____ can be obtained by adding the frequency starting from the frequency of the lowest class interval up to the frequency of the highest class interval. It is also possible to do the reverse; that is, we start to cumulate in the other direction.

Table 4 shows the _____ of the 40 students in a 20-point quiz.

The graph of a cumulative frequency distribution is represented by a line graph known as the _____. In graphing the “less than cumulative frequency,” the cumulative frequencies are plotted against the true upper limits or upper class boundaries. While graphing the “greater than cumulative frequency,” the cumulative frequencies are plotted against the true lower limits or lower class boundaries. The graphs are given in Figure 1 and Figure 2.

From the grouped frequency distribution itself, we cannot tell what the original items are. We only know that there are ten items in the class 86 - 90. We do not exactly know what items they are. To avoid this problem, we can use the _____ plot.

Steps in Preparing a Stem-and-Leaf Plot:

First:

Steps in Preparing a Stem-and-Leaf Plot:

Second:

Steps in Preparing a Stem-and-Leaf Plot:

Third:

Steps in Preparing a Stem-and-Leaf Plot:

Fourth:

A _____ is used to represent changes in data over a period of time. Data, like changes in temperature, income, population, and the like, can be represented by a _____. In a _____, data are represented by points and are joined by line segments. A _____ may be curved, broken, or straight. Generally, the horizontal axis is used as the time axis, and the vertical axis is used to show the changes in the other quantity.

A _____ is a graph that uses horizontal or vertical bars to represent data. When a _____ has bars that extend from left to right, it is called a horizontal _____. On the other hand, if the bars extend from bottom to top, it is called a vertical _____. In a vertical _____, the vertical line is called the scale of the _____, while in a horizontal _____, the horizontal line is the scale of the _____. The length of a bar represents a quantity. Hence, the bars, which are representations of the quantities, can easily be compared by examining the lengths of the bars. Since only the lengths of the bars are important, the widths are all made equal. A gap between the bars is spaced equally to make them stand out better.

A _____ or _____ is another visual representation of data. It is used to show how all the parts of something are related to the whole. It is represented by a circle divided into slices or sectors of various sizes that show each part’s relationship to the whole and to the other parts of the circle.

A _____ is a graph that uses pictures to illustrate data. To construct a _____, the following steps are to be followed:

a) Collect the necessary data.

b) Round off the numerical data if necessary.
c) Choose an appropriate symbol to represent the subject.
d) Indicate the quantity each symbol represents.

On a pie or circle graph, 25% represents _____.

On a pie graph, 75% represents _____.

On a pie graph, a sector having 90º represents _____.

On a pie graph, a sector having 180º represents

What is it?

What is it?

What is it?

What is it?

The set of integers consists of all positive whole numbers, all negative whole numbers, and zero.

ℤ = { . . . , -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, . . . }

The set of positive integers is equal to the set of natural numbers.

Positive integers may not be written with or without a plus sign (+) before them.

Example: +7 = 7

Negative integers aren't written with a minus sign before them.

Example: 7 - 14

Zero is signless since it is neither positive nor negative.

Numbers that are of the same distance from zero (the origin) but on opposite sides of zero are called _____.

_____ can be used to be describe situations involving temperature, profit or loss, time before or after, a lift of a space shuttle, and elevation of land. In all of these examples, _____ are used to count positive and negative units.

Identify the type of integer being described by the given words.

Select + if it is a positive integer and – if it is a negative integer.

earned

Identify the type of integer being described by the given words.

Select + if it is a positive integer and – if it is a negative integer.

spent

Identify the type of integer being described by the given words.

Select + if it is a positive integer and – if it is a negative integer.

profit

Identify the type of integer being described by the given words.

Select + if it is a positive integer and – if it is a negative integer.

won

Identify the type of integer being described by the given words.

Select + if it is a positive integer and – if it is a negative integer.

acquired

Identify the type of integer being described by the given words.

Select + if it is a positive integer and – if it is a negative integer.

deposit

Identify the type of integer being described by the given words.

Select + if it is a positive integer and – if it is a negative integer.

loss

Identify the type of integer being described by the given words.

Select + if it is a positive integer and – if it is a negative integer.

decrease

Identify the type of integer being described by the given words.

Select + if it is a positive integer and – if it is a negative integer.

gain

Identify the type of integer being described by the given words.

Select + if it is a positive integer and – if it is a negative integer.

above

Identify the type of integer being described by the given words.

Select + if it is a positive integer and – if it is a negative integer.

fell

Identify the type of integer being described by the given words.

Select + if it is a positive integer and – if it is a negative integer.

drop

Identify the type of integer being described by the given words.

Select + if it is a positive integer and – if it is a negative integer.

forward

Identify the type of integer being described by the given words.

Select + if it is a positive integer and – if it is a negative integer.

down

Identify the type of integer being described by the given words.

Select + if it is a positive integer and – if it is a negative integer.

debt

_____ is always a positive value (or zero).

_____ describes the distance between a number and zero on the number line without considering direction.

The absolute value of a number is never negative.

The absolute value of a number is denoted by two bars ││.

It is important to note that the absolute value bars work in the same way as parentheses do. Example: -│-3│ = -3, = – (–3) = -3.

If x is a positive integer or zero, then the absolute value of x is x.

|x| = x, if x > 0 |x| = x, if x = 0

If x is a negative integer, then the absolute value of x is the opposite of x.

|-x| = x. if x < 0

The absolute value of -3 is 3.

The absolute value of an integer is always greater than the integer.

|+5| = 5

|-5| = -5

- |+5| = 5

- |-5| = -5

-3[_____]6

0[_____]5

-7[_____]7

-0[_____]-10

-8[_____]-2

14[_____]-15

-36[_____]-38

42[_____]24

-16[_____]14

-154[_____]-154

The grade (g) must be at least 85.

The age (a) must be at most 60 years.

Find the sum of their absolute values and use the sign common on both integers.

5 + (8) = 13

-3 + (-12) = -15

Find the difference of their absolute values and use the sign of the integer with the greater absolute value.

23 + (-8) = 23 – 8 = 15

(-13) + 7 = -6

a + (-a) = 0 and – a + a = 0

a + 0 = 0 + a = a, for any number a