But… / And this (Introduces a contradiction.)

Therefore...

In addition...

However...

It was stated (Introduces a disagreement between Amoraim.)

It was written (Indicates a textual source.)

It was explained (Refers to a clarification of a concept.)

It was concluded (Denotes a final decision.)

And now that… (Introduces a question based on a previous conclusion.)

Because after that... (Indicates a reason for something.)

Since after that... (Refers to a time-related context.)

Now that we have... (Begins a new statement.)

This is just like (Asks why a teaching seems redundant.)

This is a common phrase in Hebrew.

This means 'to be' in Hebrew.

This is a greeting in Hebrew.

What is the halacha? (Appears at the end of a question to determine a ruling.)

What is the meaning of life?

What is the capital of France?

What is the speed of light?

Granted

It works out well (Introduces a logical challenge.)

Accepted

Confirmed

Interpreted (Explains how a source refers to a special case.)

Translated (Converts text from one language to another.)

Summarized (Condenses information into a shorter form.)

Paraphrased (Rephrases text while retaining the original meaning.)

Say the latter clause

Say the prior clause

Introduce a new topic

Summarize the text

The refutation of R' Akiva is a refutation (Completely disproves an Amora's opinion.)

The refutation of R' Yochanan is a refutation (Completely disproves an Amora's opinion.)

The refutation of R' Meir is a refutation (Completely disproves an Amora's opinion.)

The refutation of R' Shimon is a refutation (Completely disproves an Amora's opinion.)

What are the circumstances of the case? (Used to introduce a question about how a law applies in a specific situation.)

What is the definition of a legal term?

What are the historical origins of this law?

What are the penalties associated with this law?

What are we dealing with here? (Used to introduce a revised explanation of a case.)

What is the main topic of discussion?

What is the conclusion of the case?

What are the implications of the ruling?

Rather (Introduces a new explanation, rejecting the previous one.)

Also (Indicates addition or inclusion.)

However (Indicates contrast or exception.)

Indeed (Affirms or emphasizes a statement.)

__ explains according to his reasoning (Explains how different sages interpret a Beraita.)

__ provides a summary of the text.

__ critiques the arguments presented.

__ offers a historical context for the discussion.

Why? (A general "why" question challenging reasoning or halacha.)

What is the reason for this action?

How does this relate to Jewish law?

What is the significance of this question?

Since (Used to introduce logical reasoning.)

Because (Used to indicate a reason.)

Although (Used to introduce a contrast.)

Therefore (Used to indicate a conclusion.)

This was taught only in regard to (Limits the application of a statement.)

This applies universally without exception.

This is a general principle that can be applied broadly.

This is a specific case that has no exceptions.

What is (the explanation of)? (Questions a word or phrase in a source.)

How to ask a question in Hebrew?

What does the word 'ma' mean in Hebrew?

What is the significance of the word 'mai'?

So too, it makes sense (Introduces a logical proof.)

It is a common phrase in Hebrew.

It refers to a specific legal case.

It is used to express doubt.

Included with this (Infers a statement from something that was said.)

Excluded from this (Indicates something that is not included.)

A general rule or principle (Refers to a broad guideline.)

A specific example (Refers to a particular instance.)