An ethical approach focusing on the development of moral character rather than following rules and links goodness with wisdom.

A state of human flourishing and well-being, considered by Aristotle as the ultimate human goal which is having enduring contentment and a good life.

Aristotle's concept that virtue lies between two extremes and to be virtuous requires us to feel, choose and act in an 'intermediate' way, neither 'too much' nor 'too little'

Medieval philosopher who integrated Aristotelian virtue ethics with Christian theology

In Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors.

Means "the way" which encompasses how the universe is and how things behave properly.

Confucius was also known as Siddhartha Gautama, the Awakened One.

Refers to a selfless and genuine care for the well-being and happiness of others.

Argues that everything we do is self-serving, even when we think it is not.

When we act to promote someone else's welfare or benefit, even at a risk or cost to ourselves.

He argues that the ultimate goal of one's actions is to realize oneself or develop oneself.

Argues egoism in economics - that each businessperson promoting their self-interest would most effectively promote the common good.

English political philosopher who viewed human beings as naturally self-centered and prone to violence.

Argues that selfishness is a virtue and altruism is immoral.

Egoistic concern refers to a mindset or attitude where one is primarily focused on their own self-interest and personal gain.