0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

A principle stating that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences.

A theory that explains how species evolve over time through natural selection.

A concept that describes the genetic drift in small populations.

A model that predicts the extinction of species due to environmental changes.

1. No mutations, no gene flow, large population size, random mating, no natural selection

2. Frequent mutations, gene flow, small population size, random mating, natural selection

3. No mutations, gene flow, small population size, random mating, no natural selection

4. No mutations, no gene flow, large population size, random mating, natural selection

0.48 or 48%

0.24 or 24%

0.36 or 36%

0.60 or 60%

A mechanism of evolution that involves random changes in allele frequencies in a population, often having a more significant effect in small populations.

A process where organisms with favorable traits are more likely to reproduce, leading to evolutionary change.

A method of artificial selection used to breed plants and animals for desired traits.

A phenomenon where species evolve due to environmental pressures and natural selection.

The relationship is defined by the Hardy-Weinberg equation, which mathematically connects allele frequencies (p and q) to genotype frequencies (p², 2pq, q²).

Allele frequency and genotype frequency are unrelated in a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Genotype frequency can be calculated by simply adding allele frequencies together.

Allele frequency is determined by the number of dominant alleles in the population.

It provides a baseline to measure changes in allele frequencies over time, indicating whether or not a population is evolving.

It predicts the exact number of individuals in a population.

It determines the physical characteristics of organisms in a population.

It explains the genetic drift in small populations.

p + q = 1

p² + 2pq + q² = 1

p² + q² = 1

2p + 2q = 1

The frequency of the recessive allele in the population.

The frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

The total number of alleles in the population.

The frequency of heterozygous individuals in the population.

Natural selection maintains Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by stabilizing allele frequencies.

Natural selection disrupts Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by favoring certain alleles over others, leading to changes in allele frequencies over time.

Natural selection has no effect on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium as it only acts on phenotypes.

Natural selection enhances genetic diversity, thus promoting Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

0.3

0.5

0.7

0.9

The frequency of homozygous dominant individuals in the population.

The frequency of homozygous recessive individuals in the population.

The frequency of heterozygous individuals in the population.

The total allele frequency in the population.

The frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

The frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype in the population.

The frequency of heterozygous individuals in the population.

The total number of alleles in the population.