A closed loop or pathway that allows electrical charges to flow.

A device made up of several galvanic cells connected together that converts chemical energy to electrical energy.

A flow of electrical charge, or electric current, equal to one Coulomb per second (1 C/s)

The measure of how strongly an object or material impedes the flow of electric charge produced by a potential difference; equal to the potential difference by the current.

The SI unit of resistance (Ω); 1 Ω is the resistance permitting a current of 1 A to flow when a potential difference of 1 V is applied across the resisting component.

A type of connection in which there is only a single current path.

A type of electric circuit in which there are several current paths; its total current is equal to the sum of the currents in the individual branches, and if any branch is opened, the current in the other branches remains unchained.

A type of connection in which there are two or more current paths to follow

A type of electric circuit in which there is only one current path and all current travels through each device; the current is the same everywhere and is equal to the potential difference divided by the equivalent resistance.

A material with zero resistance that can conduct electricity without thermal energy transformations.

An energy unit used by electric companies to measure energy sales; 1kWh is equal to 1000 watts (W) delivered continuously for 3600 s (1hr).

A series that is used to produce a potential difference source of desired magnitude from a battery with a higher potential difference; often is used with sensors such as photoresistors.

An automatic switch that opens when the current through the electric circuit exceeds a threshold value.

A short piece of metal that acts as a safety device by melting and stopping the current when too large a current passes through it.