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25 (Hoang Unit 3 Test Review)

Total questions: 79

Worksheet time: 1hrs 12mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What are the main structural differences between DNA and RNA?

a)
DNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar; RNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar.
b)
DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar; RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar.
c)
DNA contains uracil; RNA contains thymine.
d)
DNA is found in the cytoplasm; RNA is found in the nucleus.
2.

What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA, and how do they pair?

a)
Cytosine (C) pairs with Thymine (T)
b)
Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) and Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G).
c)
Thymine (T) pairs with Guanine (G)
d)
Adenine (A) pairs with Cytosine (C)
3.

What sugar is found in DNA? What sugar is found in RNA?

a)
Deoxyribose in DNA; Ribose in RNA
b)
Glucose in DNA; Fructose in RNA
c)
Sucrose in DNA; Lactose in RNA
d)
Mannose in DNA; Galactose in RNA
4.

How is RNA structurally different from DNA in terms of strands?

a)
RNA is single-stranded, whereas DNA is double-stranded.
b)
RNA is double-stranded, while DNA is single-stranded.
c)
RNA has three strands, whereas DNA has two strands.
d)
Both RNA and DNA are single-stranded.
5.

What are the three types of RNA, and what are their functions?

a)
mRNA (micro RNA), tRNA (transcription RNA), rRNA (regulatory RNA)
b)
mRNA (messenger RNA), sRNA (small RNA), rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
c)
mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (template RNA), rRNA (transfer RNA)
d)
mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
6.

What is the purpose of DNA replication?

a)
To facilitate cell division without copying DNA.
b)
The purpose of DNA replication is to ensure that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the DNA.
c)
To create new proteins for the cell.
d)
To repair damaged DNA strands.
7.

Where in the cell does DNA replication occur?

a)
Endoplasmic reticulum
b)
Ribosomes
c)
Mitochondria
d)
Nucleus (in eukaryotic cells) or cytoplasm (in prokaryotic cells)
8.

What does "semi-conservative replication" mean?

a)
Each DNA strand is replicated independently without any original strand.
b)
Semi-conservative replication means both strands are newly synthesized.
c)
Each new DNA molecule contains two original strands.
d)
Semi-conservative replication means that each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one new strand.
9.

What is transcription, and where does it take place?

a)
Transcription is the process of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.
b)
Transcription takes place in the ribosomes of all cells.
c)
Transcription takes place in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.
d)
Transcription occurs only in the mitochondria of cells.
10.

What is the complementary mRNA strand for the DNA sequence TAC GGA CCT?

a)

AUG CCU GGA

b)

AUG GGA CCT

c)

AUG CCG GGA

d)

TAC CCT GGA

11.

How does RNA differ from DNA during transcription?

a)

RNA is double-stranded like DNA during transcription.

b)

DNA is synthesized from an RNA template during transcription.

c)

RNA uses thymine instead of uracil in its structure.

d)

RNA is synthesized from a DNA template using uracil instead of thymine and is single-stranded.

12.

What organelle is responsible for assembling proteins?

a)
Mitochondria
b)
Golgi apparatus
c)
Lysosome
d)
Ribosome
13.

What is a codon, and what does it code for?

a)
A codon is a unit of energy in cells.
b)
A codon codes for a specific amino acid or a stop signal in protein synthesis.
c)
A codon codes for DNA replication.
d)
A codon is a type of protein.
14.

What is the role of tRNA in translation?

a)
tRNA binds to mRNA to initiate transcription.
b)
tRNA transports amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
c)
tRNA acts as a catalyst for DNA replication.
d)
tRNA synthesizes proteins directly in the nucleus.
15.

How do start and stop codons function in protein synthesis?

a)
Start codons are responsible for DNA replication.
b)
Start codons signal the end of protein folding.
c)
Start codons initiate protein synthesis, while stop codons terminate it.
d)
Stop codons are used to initiate transcription.
16.

What is a gene mutation?

a)
A gene mutation is a type of protein.
b)
A gene mutation is a process of cell division.
c)
A gene mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of a gene.
d)
A gene mutation is a form of genetic inheritance.
17.

Which of the following statements best describes the three types of gene mutations: insertion, deletion, and substitution?

a)

Insertion removes bases, deletion adds bases, and substitution replaces bases.

b)

Insertion replaces bases, deletion adds bases, and substitution removes bases.

c)

Insertion adds bases, deletion removes bases, and substitution replaces bases.

d)

Insertion adds bases, deletion replaces bases, and substitution removes bases.

18.

How does an insertion mutation affect the reading frame of mRNA?

a)
An insertion mutation shifts the reading frame of mRNA, altering the downstream amino acid sequence.
b)
An insertion mutation has no effect on the reading frame of mRNA.
c)
An insertion mutation only affects the first amino acid in the sequence.
d)
An insertion mutation deletes a portion of the mRNA sequence.
19.

What is a frameshift mutation, and why is it significant?

a)
A frameshift mutation occurs only due to substitutions of nucleotides in the DNA sequence.
b)
A frameshift mutation is a reversible change that does not impact protein synthesis.
c)
A frameshift mutation is a type of point mutation that does not affect the reading frame.
d)
A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by insertions or deletions of nucleotides that change the reading frame of the gene.
20.

Which mutation is usually more harmful: substitution or insertion, and why?

a)

Insertion mutations are usually more harmful than substitution mutations because they change more amino acids.

b)

Substitution mutations are more common than insertion mutations.

c)

Insertion mutations have no effect on protein function.

d)

Substitution mutations are always more harmful than insertion mutations.

21.

What is the difference between a silent, missense, and nonsense mutation?

a)
Silent mutations change one amino acid, missense mutations do not affect protein sequence, and nonsense mutations create a stop codon.
b)
Silent mutations create a stop codon, missense mutations do not affect protein sequence, and nonsense mutations change one amino acid.
c)
Silent mutations affect protein sequence, missense mutations create a stop codon, and nonsense mutations do not change amino acids.
d)
Silent mutations do not affect protein sequence, missense mutations change one amino acid, and nonsense mutations create a stop codon.
22.

Identify this structure.

a)

double helix

b)

nucleotide

c)

twisted ladder

d)

hydrogen bond

23.

What makes up the sides of a DNA ladder?

a)

nitrogen bases

b)

sugars & phosphates

c)

genes & chromosomes

d)

RNA

24.

Label the Model of Transcription

a)

RNA

b)

DNA

1
2
1)
2)
25.

Organize these options into the right categories

Categorize the following

Transports the amino acids to form the polypeptide

carries and provides the code to the ribosome.

Forms the ribosomes along with proteins

tRNA
mRNA
rRNA
26.

Label the diagram

a)anticodon
b)mRNA
c)tRNA
d)Ribosome
e)amino acids
1
2
3
4
5
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
27.

Label the diagram using the words provided by putting them in the correct box:

a)

DNA

b)

Transcription

c)

mRNA

d)

Translation

e)

Protein

1
2
3
4
5
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
28.
What type of gene mutation has occurred here? 
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-C-C-A-A
a)
Base Substitution
b)
Base Deletion
c)
Base Insertion
d)
Frameshift 
29.

A substitution mutation that has no effect on the amino acid sequence.

a)

Insertion Mutation

b)

Translocation

c)

Silent Mutation

d)

Deletion Mutation

30.

A nucleotide base is inserted or deleted, shifting the entire DNA sequence. The entire protein will be changed.

a)

Substitution Mutation

b)

Silent Mutation

c)

Frameshift Mutation

d)

Translocation

31.

Which of the following is the complementary mRNA sequence to the DNA strand: AACTGAA?

a)

UUGACUU

b)

TTGACTT

c)

AACTGAA

d)

AACUGAA

32.
What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?
a)
base
b)
codon
c)
amine
d)
serine
33.

What is the amino acid sequence for the following mRNA strand?

AGG-UUC-CUG

Write your answer like this: ___-___-___

(a)  

34.

What is the amino acid sequence for the following mRNA strand?

AUG-GAC-UAG

(a)  

35.

Use the codon chart to identify the amino acid in the picture. (Just type the abbreviation.)

(a)  

36.

Use the codon chart to identify the amino acid in the picture. (Just type the abbreviation.)

(a)  

37.

Use the codon chart to identify the amino acid in the picture. (Just type the abbreviation.)

(a)  

38.

This is the practice of producing a genetically identical cell or organism.

a)

Cloning

b)

Biotechnology

c)

Genetic Engineering

d)

I don't know

39.

Plants that have been genetically modified to be toxic to certain insects.

a)

GMO

b)

Pest resistant crops

c)

Biotechnology

d)

I don't know

40.

What types of jobs could a person who studies biotechnology in college have? (Check all that apply.)

a)

Create new medicines and vaccines.

b)

Create disease/pest-resistant crop varieties.

c)

Work in a forensic lab testing crime scene evidence.

d)

Create environmentally friendly ways to clean up pollution.

41.

A lab technique used in crime fighting to prove a suspect's innocence or guilt is known as:

a)

genetic engineering

b)

PCR

c)

electrophoresis

d)

gene therapy

42.
What is recombinant DNA?
a)
Adding DNA from one organism into the DNA of another
b)
DNA which has been changed over generations by natural selection
c)
DNA that causes genetic disorders
d)
DNA that has been sequenced
43.

Why is Dolly the sheep considered a clone?

a)

The source of Dolly's DNA is a single cell taken from an adult donor.

b)

The DNA molecules in each of Dolly's cells are different.

c)

Dolly has a mix of genes from her foster mother and the sheep that donated a nucleus of one of its cells.

d)

Dolly is genetically identical to her offspring.

44.

Another name for GMO (Genetically Modified Organism) is ____________.

a)

Transgenic

b)

Transplanted

c)

Transducted

d)

Plasmid

45.

Which suspect left the bloodstain?

a)

Bob

b)

Sue

c)

John

d)

Lisa

46.

Problems with cloning include:

a)

creating too many embryos that are unneeded

b)

premature aging and a high failure rate

c)

they have a tendency to overpopulate

47.

Which technique is most likely used by forensic scientists?

a)

gene cloning

b)

gene therapy

c)

DNA fingerprinting

d)

karyotyping

48.

Two people believe they are related. Which technique would be best to determine if they are related?

a)

testing blood types

b)

comparing DNA

c)

examining karyotypes

d)

testing for genetic disorders

49.

Which is a step in the process of producing transgenic bacteria?

a)

A plasmid is used to replace a faulty gene in a human cell.

b)

A chain of bacterial amino acids is inserted into human DNA.

c)

A human gene is inserted into a bacterial plasmid.

d)

A mutation is produced in a bacterial cell.

50.

What is the function of gel electrophoresis?

a)

To separate DNA fragments according to size and charge.

b)

To cut DNA.

c)

To recombine DNA.

d)

To extract DNA.

51.

A small circular molecule of DNA found in bacterial cells is called a

a)

chromosome

b)

recombinant DNA

c)

genetic marker

d)

plasmid

52.

DNA produced by combining DNA from two different organisms is known as

a)

a mutant.

b)

a hybrid.

c)

a polyploidy.

d)

Recombinant DNA.

53.

What is the function of a restriction enzyme?

a)

to keep DNA from replicating

b)

to cut DNA into smaller fragments

c)

to restrict enzymes from working

d)

to speed up the reaction of DNA polymerase

54.

What are DNA fingerprints used for?

a)

to identify the patterns in a person's fingerprint

b)

to show evolutionary relationships

c)

to sequence the DNA bases

d)

crime scene investigations and to determine paternity/maternity

55.

Which kitten is most likely the offspring of this cat?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

56.

Which of the following is a concern about the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as food?

a)

they may taste better than normal food

b)

they may cause death if eaten

c)

they can cause allergies, toxins, new diseases and nutritional problems

d)

they are perfectly healthy

57.

The purpose gene therapy in treating disorders , such as cystic fibrosis and SCIDS, is to

a)

replace faulty genes with normal ones

b)

determine the sequence of genes

c)

remove mutations from genes

d)

change dominant alleles to recessive alleles

58.
Who is the father?
a)
Dad 1
b)
Dad 2
c)
Dad 3 
d)
can not be determined
59.

The parents of a new baby believe they brought the wrong child home from the hospital. Gel electrophoresis was performed using DNA samples from the parents and the child. A section of the gel

electrophoresis results is shown below. Which conclusion is valid based on the gel electrophoresis results?

a)

They have the correct child, because her genetic information is identical to that of the father.


b)

They have the wrong child, because her genetic information does not match that of either parent.

c)

They have the correct child, because her genetic information came from both parents.


d)

They have the wrong child, because her genetic information matches only that of the mother.

60.

What do scientists hope to accomplish through stem cell research?

a)

Cloning humans

b)

Developing vaccines for lead poisoning

c)

Growing organs for transplant surgery

d)

Developing restriction enzymes to cut DNA

61.

Considering some of the ethical issues surrounding the use of DNA technology, which is a way gene therapy impacted society?

a)

by mapping the genetic make-up of non-living objects

b)

by engineering genes to be able to replace a person’s DNA

c)

by using genes in psychiatry to provide therapy to patients

d)

by correcting genetic disorders with insertion of normal genes

62.

Which suspect's blood is on this knife?

a)

#1

b)

#2

c)

#3

d)

None of these

63.

Which of the following represents a transgenic organism? Choose ALL that apply

a)

Mule

b)

Corn with genes from bacteria

c)

Breeding two varieties of apples together

d)

GMOs

e)

A pig with a human gene added to it

64.

During gel electrophoresis, the _______ pieces of DNA move farthest down the gel

a)

lightest

b)

heaviest

c)

ugliest

d)

deadliest

65.

These are enzymes that recognize a very specific DNA sequence, then cut the DNA at that sequence. They are used to make rDNA.

a)

Plasmid

b)

Restriction Enzymes

c)

Ligase

d)

Helicase

66.

Organize these options into the right categories. Four benefits and Three risks.

Categorize the following

Create more food

Reduce the cost of harvest

Create a better way to prevent disease

Save the environment

Develop unintended consequences

ethics concerns

Can be used for selfish purposes

Genetically Modified Organism Benefits
Genetically Modified Organism Risks
67.
Gel electrophoresis enables scientists to
a)

separate DNA fragments.

b)

combine DNA fragments.

c)

count the genes in DNA.

d)

insert DNA in cells.

68.

Which of the following uses genes to treat or prevent illness?

a)

Stem Cells

b)

Human Genome Project

c)

Cloning

d)

Gene Therapy

69.

Undifferentiated cells that can become any cell in the body are called...

a)

Stem Cells

b)

Somatic Cells

c)

Gametes

d)

Zygotes

70.

Which is a human protein produced by bacteria as a treatment for diabetes?

a)

insulin

b)

Diatase

c)

Collagen

d)

Hemoglobin

71.

Why is embryonic stem cell research controversial?

a)

The stem cells may die.

b)

There isn't enough research to show that it is effective.

c)

It means the demise/destruction of the embryo.

d)

Some do not agree with government funding of such research.

72.

Why is stem cell research important to society?

a)

Cloning

b)

Gene therapy to cure and treat diseases

c)

Expansion of knowledge

d)

Gene doping and genetic engineering

73.

Explain stem cell technology is used

a)

creating genetically modified organisms

b)

to cure diseases

c)

to create replacement organs

d)

altering human DNA

74.

Match the following

a)

Cloning

1.

Making an exact copy of an organism

b)

Gene Therapy

2.

Change faulty gene-not always permanent

c)

Transgenic Organisms

3.

Inserting genes from one organism into another's genome

d)

DNA Fingerprints

4.

Using DNA fragments for identification

e)

Restriction Enzymes

5.

Used to cut DNA into pieces

75.

An organism that contains genes from other organisms

a)

cloned organism

b)

dummy individual

c)

transgenic organism

d)

genetically modified organism

76.

Which is/are reason/s for creating transgenic organisms?

a)

to add more nutrients to foods

b)

to increase crop production

c)

to lower foods prices

d)

to treat diseases

77.
Genetic engineering in corn allows genes from bacteria to be added to the genetic material of corn. In traditional breeding, genes of only closely related types of corn can be exchanged. What is one risk of genetically engineering corn plants?
a)
Decreases the amount of pesticide needed to grow corn
b)
Increases the length of time corn can be stored before it rots
c)
Increases the chance of losing biodiversity
d)
Decreases the number of corn plants a farmer can grow in a season
78.
Scientists create “transgenic” organisms when they transfer genes from one organism to a different kind of organism. Many people marvel at this technology, while others are concerned about its consequences and its effect on society. Which of these is not a realistic concern about the formation of “transgenic” organisms?
a)
Transgenic plants may produce chemicals that are harmful to wildlife
b)
Humans will acquire harmful transgenic traits by consuming transgenic foods
c)
Eating fruit from transgenic plants could trigger allergies in sensitive individuals
d)
This technology may be misused or unintentionally used to make products harmful to humans and other organisms
79.
Blight is a plant disease caused by a fungus that affects potato plants. Some wild breeds of potato have natural resistance to the fungus. These wild potatoes contain chemical compounds that cause them to taste bad. Scientists are trying to produce potato plants that are resistant to blight but still produce potatoes that taste good. The development of a blight-resistant potato breed might be good for the environment because the new potato breed will need...?
a)
Less water
b)
Less fertilizer
c)
Less fungicide
d)
Less field space

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