can sometimes give the most unexpected results. Therefore, researchers must rely on the data at hand and enjoy the process of exploring answers.

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non-numerical, it can be presented in words and descriptions.

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are numerical data, these are expressed in numbers and numerical figures.

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can be nominal or ordinal. Examples are eye color, blood type, class letter grade and position in a race.

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can be continuous or discrete. Examples are height, weight, number of children and number of event attendees.

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is the most relied and widely used global technique for research and data analysis. The researchers usually read the available data and find repetitive or commonly used words.

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is another widely used word-based technique. In this method, the researcher tries to understand the concept by analyzing the context in which the participants use a particular keyword.

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1. technique is also one of the highly recommended text analysis methods used to identify a quality data pattern. Compare and contrast is the widely used method under this technique to differentiate how a specific text is similar or different from each other.

can be used to reduce the data pile and find patterns in it so that it becomes easier to connect data with theory.

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is another technique to split variables so that researchers can find more coherent descriptions and explanations from the enormous data.

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is widely accepted and the most frequently employed technique for data analysis in research methodology. It can be used to analyze the documented information from text, images and sometimes from the physical items. It depends on the research questions to predict when and where to use this method.

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this method is used to analyze content gathered from various sources such personal interviews, field observation, and surveys. The majority of times, stories, or opinions shared by people are focused on finding answers to the research questions.

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Similar to narrative analysis, is used to analyze the interactions with people. Nevertheless, this particular method considers the social context under which or within which the communication between the researcher and respondent takes place.

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When you want to explain why a particular phenomenon happened, then using this theory for analyzing quality data is the best resort. Is applied to study data about the host of similar cases occurring in different settings.

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To ensure an actual human being records each response to the survey or the questionnaire

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To make sure each respondent is selected or chosen in compliance with the research criteria.

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To ensure ethical standards were maintained while collecting the data sample.

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To ensure that the respondent has answered all the questions in an online survey. Else, the interviewer had asked all the questions devised in the questionnaire.

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is a process wherein the researchers have to confirm that the provided data is free of such errors. They need to conduct necessary checks and outlier checks to edit the raw edit and make it ready for analysis.

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are the most commonly used to analyze numerical data.

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The method is again classified into two groups--- This is used to describe the data.

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The method is again classified into two groups--- This is used in comparing the data.

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focuses on the central tendency and standard deviation.

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The most common measure of central tendency is the

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provide data about the average score of the participants on a measure which makes it necessary in conducting quantitative research.

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Other measures for central tendency and the item or score in the data set that appears the most.

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the score in the middle of the set that divides the scores arranged either in ascending or descending order into two groups.

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shows the extent of difference of the data from the mean. It provides the researcher with an idea about the similarities and differences of the respondents.

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is a branch of statistics that focuses on conclusions, generalizations, predictions, interpretations, hypotheses, and the like.

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it takes statistics from the sample research data and demonstrates something about the population parameter.

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It is about sampling research data to answer the survey research questions. For example, Researchers might be interested to understand if the teaching strategy is effective or not or if the multivitamin capsules help children to perform better at school.

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This is a measure of the strength and direction of the linear relationship between variables and likewise gives the extent of dependence between two variables: meaning, the effect of one variable on the other variable.

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the test to measure the dependence of the dependent variable on the independent variable.

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measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship of two variables and of the association between interval and ordinal variables.

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is the statistical test for bivariate analysis of nominal variables, specifically, to test the null hypothesis. It tests whether or not a relationship exists between or among variables and tells the probability that the relationship is caused by chance.

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evaluates the probability that the mean sample reflects the mean of the population from where the sample was drawn.

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also uses t-test to determine the variance or the difference between the predicted number of the sample and the actual measurement.

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study of the effects of the independent variable.

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study of two or more dependent variables that are correlated with one another.

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multiple analysis of one or more independent variables and one dependent variable to see if independent variables affect one another.

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Similar to correlation, determines the existence of variable relationships.

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deal with the results of the study. The results are translated into easily understandable language for the readers.

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are insights drawn from the findings of each problem. It is a brief section that summarizes and synthesizes the main points and their implication and significance.

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are "accounts of how other people could contribute by acting on the research or further investigating its

other facets".

(a)