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WorksheetsPharmacology Concepts
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 13mins
Pharmacokinetics
The study of how drugs move through the body, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
The process of how drugs are manufactured and formulated.
The examination of the effects of drugs on living organisms.
The analysis of drug interactions and side effects.
First-Pass Effect
The process by which a drug is metabolized after systemic circulation.
The metabolism of a drug before it reaches systemic circulation.
The elimination of a drug from the body after it has been absorbed.
The absorption of a drug directly into the bloodstream without any metabolism.
Drug toxicity
can occur if a drug's concentration exceeds a therapeutic range
is always reversible with treatment
is only caused by intentional overdose
is not affected by drug accumulation
Refractory Anaphylaxis definition
Anaphylaxis that resolves after one dose of IM adrenaline.
Anaphylaxis requiring ongoing treatment despite 2 appropriate doses of IM adrenaline.
Anaphylaxis that occurs only in children.
Anaphylaxis that is triggered by food allergies.
The second pass
The first-pass effect occurs in various tissues and organs throughout the body.
The second-pass effect occurs after a drug has entered the systemic circulation.
The second-pass effect is primarily associated with the kidneys.
The first-pass effect is also known as second-pass metabolism.
What medication is the most important one for patient with anaphylaxis
IM Adrenaline
Antihistamines
Corticosteroids
Beta-agonists
Clearance
The rate at which a drug is removed from the body. Determines the dosing rate required to achieve a desired drug concentration.
The time it takes for a drug to reach its peak concentration in the bloodstream.
The process by which a drug is absorbed into the bloodstream after administration.
The total amount of drug that is available in the body at any given time.
Common causes of anaphylaxis
Foods, medications, insect stings
Dust mites, pollen, mold
Exercise, cold weather, stress
Alcohol, caffeine, tobacco
In patient with anaphylaxis what position would you nurse them?
Sit up or lie them down
Stand upright
Lie flat on their back
Sit with legs elevated
Blood Brain Barrier
The BBB allows the passage of large, hydrophilic molecules into the brain.
The BBB restricts the entry of small, lipid-soluble molecules.
The BBB allows the passage of small, lipid-soluble molecules and actively transports essential nutrients into the brain.
The BBB permits all types of molecules to enter the brain freely.
Bioavailability
The proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body.
The rate at which a drug is eliminated from the body.
The total amount of drug administered to a patient.
The effectiveness of a drug in treating a specific condition.
Synergism
The interaction of two or more drugs that produces a greater effect than the sum of their individual effects.
The process by which one drug reduces the effect of another drug.
A method of drug administration that enhances absorption.
The phenomenon where drugs have no interaction with each other.
Efficacy
The minimum dose of a drug required to produce an effect.
The maximum effect that a drug can produce. Reflects the drug's ability to achieve the desired therapeutic effect.
The time it takes for a drug to start working after administration.
The range of doses over which a drug is effective.
What investigation would you need to undertake for someone with anaphylaxis?
A-E assessment, NEWS, 12 lead ECG, chest x-ray, urea and electrolytes, blood gas, mast cell tryptase
Complete blood count and liver function tests
MRI of the brain
Ultrasound of the abdomen
Mast cell tryptase
Mast cell tryptase is measured to assess allergic reactions or anaphylaxis.
Mast cell tryptase is used to diagnose diabetes.
Mast cell tryptase levels indicate liver function.
Mast cell tryptase is a marker for heart disease.
Urticaria is?
What are life threatening problems in patients with anaphylaxis when assessing airways?
Stridor, hoarse voice
Coughing fits
Difficulty swallowing
Chest tightness
Angioedema
A condition characterized by well-defined, non-pitting, non-pruritic swelling.
A type of allergic reaction causing hives and itching.
A chronic condition leading to excessive sweating.
An infection causing swelling and redness in the skin.
Half-Life
The time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the blood to reduce by half.
The time it takes for a drug to be completely eliminated from the body.
The time it takes for a drug to reach its maximum concentration in the blood.
The time it takes for a drug to start showing effects.
Causes of rhabdomyolysis
Traumatic or medical injury to the sarcolemma of skeletal muscle cells.
Excessive hydration leading to muscle swelling.
Infection of the muscle tissue by bacteria.
Genetic predisposition to muscle weakness.
