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Texas Biology EOC RC 4: Ecology & Interdependence

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 2hrs 37mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which ecological relationship involves one organism benefiting while the other is neither helped nor harmed?

a)

Predation

b)

Mutualism

c)

Parasitism

d)

Commensalism

2.

What percentage of energy is typically transferred from one trophic level to the next?

a)

50%

b)

5%

c)

10%

d)

20%

3.

Which process is NOT part of the carbon cycle?

a)

Nitrification

b)

Combustion

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

Respiration

4.

What is a major effect of altering the nitrogen cycle?

a)

Increased greenhouse gases

b)

Waterway contamination

c)

Species extinction

d)

Higher predation rates

5.

Which factor generally increases ecosystem stability?

a)

Reduced species diversity

b)

Increased pollution

c)

Higher biodiversity

d)

Lower resilience

6.

What is the role of keystone species in an ecosystem?

a)

They are always top predators

b)

Their loss can have domino effects on ecosystem structure

c)

They reduce biodiversity

d)

They have a minor impact on ecosystem structure

7.

Which human activity is NOT mentioned as affecting biodiversity?

a)

Pollution

b)

Space exploration

c)

Habitat destruction

d)

Climate change

8.

What is the definition of ecosystem stability?

a)

The ability to reduce energy flow

b)

The ability to increase species diversity

c)

The ability to maintain structure and function in the face of disturbances

d)

The ability to eliminate all predators

9.

Which ecological relationship can lead to competitive exclusion or resource partitioning?

a)

Mutualism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Commensalism

d)

Competition

10.

Which of the following would indicate the greatest problem with the health of an ecosystem?

a)

There has recently been a change in the ecosystem’s weather.

b)

The ecosystem includes only a few kinds of plants and animals.

c)

The average temperature in the ecosystem has increased slightly over many years.

d)

The population of top predators increases and decreases in a regular pattern.

11.

Which type of organism performs nitrogen fixation?

a)

Bacteria

b)

Viruses

c)

Humans

d)

Plants and phytoplankton

12.

Eutrophication is caused by what?

a)

Increase in CO2 in the atmosphere.

b)

Increase of nitrogen and phosphorous in lakes and estuaries.

c)

Driving our cars and using too many electronics.

d)

Increasing air and water temperatures on earth.

13.
Animals obtain the nitrogen they need directly from the
a)
soil in their habitat
b)
air they breathe
c)
plants they eat
d)
bacteria living within them
14.
Large bodies of water do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. Why?
a)
Water is a solvent.
b)
Water has a high heat capacity.
c)
Water acts as a buffer.
d)
Water is non-polar.
15.

Which organisms will you find the most of in an ecosystem?

a)

Consumer

b)

Producer

c)

Decomposer

16.
Food, water, sunlight, shelter, and space are resources that are  __________.
a)
limiting factors
b)
wet
c)
messy
d)
found in rocks
17.

Kelp forests are critical ecosystems that provide habitats to a variety of animals, including sea urchins, sea anemones, crabs, jellyfish, snails, and fish. They also provide hunting grounds for mammals, including sea otters, sea lions, seals, and many different birds. In recent years scientists have documented an increase in shark attacks on sea otters in and around kelp forests.

Which consequence is most likely to occur in kelp forests as a result of increased predation of sea otters?

a)

Kelp forests will become more stable due to the decrease in otter predation pressure.

b)

Kelp forests will become more stable as sharks replace otters as the top predator in the food chain.

c)

Kelp forests will become less stable due to the increase in the size of the otters' prey populations.

d)

Kelp forests will become less stable as sharks will also eliminate the prey of the otters.

18.

Human activities constantly affect the ecosystems that are in close proximity with human settlements. The graph shows the population of oak trees around the city of Greenville, South Carolina.

If all other factors remain the same, what will most likely happen to the oak tree population over the next five years if the human population continues to grow?

a)

If all other factors remain the same, what will most likely happen to the oak tree population over the next five years if the human population continues to grow?

b)

The oak population will increase as people become more aware of environmental issues.

c)

The oak population will stay the same as people plant new trees to replace trees that are cut.

d)

The oak population will decrease as people build more homes.

19.

What does deforestation directly impact?

a)

The number of shopping malls

b)

The amount of desert land

c)

The habitat of forest animals

d)

The speed of cars

20.

What can you do to help protect ecosystems?

a)

Leave lights on all day.

b)

Throw trash on the ground.

c)

Use less water.

d)

Cut down trees.

21.
Coral reefs are important to many ocean ecosystems because they provide food & shelter for numerous marine organisms.  Climate changes that lead to increased water temperatures can slow the growth of coral.  Scientists monitor the physical conditions & species distribution of coral reefs & try to temporarily alter conditions when they are harmful to coral reefs.  Which of these actions would BEST accomplish the goal of preserving coral reefs?
a)
restrict regulations concerning reefs
b)
isolate predators from reef inhabitants
c)
protect the biodiversity of coral reefs
d)
identify new species associated with reefs
22.
The oak savanna ecosystem is dependent on wildfires & controlled burnings to manage the growth of invasive & nonnative shrubs and trees and to help maintain the native semi-open ecosystem.  Which statement BEST describes the impact invasive plant species could have if not maintained by fires?
a)
they could decrease the populations of native species
b)
they could decrease the amount of O2 available for the native animals
c)
they could increase the amount of food available to native plants & animals
d)
they could increase the amount of N in the soil that is toxic to the native plants
23.
To reduce erosion in an area, an exotic fast-growing vine is introduced into the area without any growth control.  How will the new plant most likely have an effect on the ecosystem?
a)
The vine will provide protection for the native plants
b)
The vine will provide more CO2 to all of the other species
c)
The vine will compete with native plants for resources
d)
The vine will compete with native animals for food, water, and minerals
24.
Carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere by
a)
Burning fossil fuels 
b)
Cellular respiration
c)
Decomposing organic matter
d)
All answers are correct
25.
What happens when organisms die and decay? 
a)
Their nitrogen moves to the air as nitrogen gas
b)
Their nitrogen returns to the soil as ammonium
c)
Their nitrogen becomes tapped in clay and is unusable
d)
They stay on earth forever
26.
The owl receives energy from which organisms?
a)
grasshopper and mouse
b)
mouse and rabbit
c)
rabbit and butterfly
d)
butterfly and frog
27.

After a wheat field is cleared, wild grasses and weeds begin growing. This process is considered —

a)

primary succession because pioneer species appear 

b)

primary succession because there are no large trees

c)

secondary succession because soil is already present

d)

secondary succession because the field contains inorganic matter

28.

A remora is a fish that has an adhesive disk on the back of its head that it uses to attach to a large shark. When uneaten food bits float away from the shark's mouth as it feeds, the remora fish eats the scraps.

The relationship of the remora and the shark is........

a)

Predation

b)

Parasitism

c)

Commensalism

d)

Competition

29.

Which of the following are abiotic limiting factors?

a)

The decomposers in an ecosystem.

b)

The populations of producers in a given habitat.

c)

Carrying capacities of several species.

d)

Water, space, and oxygen.

30.

In biology, what is carrying capacity?

a)

The maximum population size an ecosystem can support.

b)

A total list of the limiting factors.

c)

How much weight an organism can lift.

d)

How much pain an organism can tolerate.

31.

In nature, which type of behavior causes animals to produce aggressive displays and sounds?

a)

imprinting

b)

territoriality

c)

conditioning

d)

habituation

32.

What will most likely occur if the population of the world continues to increase at predicted rates?

a)

There will be an increase in biodiversity as a result of improvements in technology.

b)

There will be more rapid depletion of natural resources.

c)

The human race will rapidly become extinct.

d)

All human diseases will be eliminated

33.

What will most likely happen if a nonnative species is introduced into a stable ecosystem?

a)

The native species will change their diet, and the ecosystem will remain stable.

b)

The native species will move to another area, and the ecosystem will remain stable.

c)

The native species will have to compete for resources with the nonnative species, and the ecosystem will become unbalanced.

d)

The native species will share their food with the introduced species, and the ecosystem will become unbalanced.

34.

Which statement best explains why animals are considered heterotrophic?

a)

They are able to produce food through the process of photosynthesis.

b)

They are able to produce food through the process of respiration.

c)

They are able to obtain nutrients by decomposing plant and animal tissue.

d)

They are able to obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms or their products.

35.

The males of a bird species do a “dance” and “sing a song” each spring. What is the main purpose of these behaviors?

a)

to scare off young birds

b)

to imprint young birds

c)

to clean their feathers

d)

to attract female birds

36.

The yucca plant releases a strong scent at night when the yucca moth is active.

The yucca moth, attracted by the scent, gathers pollen from the yucca flower. The yucca moth then deposits her eggs and the pollen on another plant. This ensures that the plant will be cross-pollinated and that the yucca moth larvae have a steady food supply.

Which relationship does this best illustrate?

a)

commensalism

b)

mutualism

c)

parasitism

d)

predation

37.

Which environmental concern is most associated with burning fossil fuels?

a)

global climate change

b)

pollution of ocean waters

c)

ozone layer destruction

d)

decrease in levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide

38.
Which is the smallest level of an ecosystem?
a)
organsism
b)
population
c)
community
d)
ecosystem
39.
Biodiversity is 
a)
the variety of species within an ecosystem
b)
a large number of the same species in an ecosystem
c)
an abundant amount of the same primary consumers 
d)
the ability to have an abundant source from the same species
40.
Different populations living and interacting with each other in the same area
a)
Biome
b)
Ecosystem
c)
Community
d)
Niche
41.

What is a niche?

a)

The habitat that an organism lives in

b)

An organism’s “role” in an ecosystem

c)

A type of consumer

d)

The relationship between a producer and consumer

42.
A collection of organisms that make up a community as well as all of the nonliving aspects of the environment.
a)
Population
b)
Community
c)
Habitat
d)
Ecosystem
43.
An organism that needs to eat other organisms to obtain energy is known as a:
a)
Autotroph
b)
Producer
c)
Consumer
d)
Mutualist
44.
Which is an example of a parasitic relationship?
a)
a bee pollinates a flower
b)
a tapeworm takes nutrients from a dog
c)
an orchid lives in a tree but does not harm the tree
45.
Which is represented by all of the bullfrogs living around a pond?
a)
community
b)
habitat
c)
population
46.
What is a limiting factor?
a)
Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the size of a population.
b)
The maximum number of a population an ecosystem can hold.
c)
A geologic event which controls living space.
d)
The role an organism plays in its environment.
47.
Omnivores consume...
a)
Plants Only
b)
Animals Only
c)
Both Plants and Animals
d)
Decomposing Organisms
48.
Fungi, such as mushrooms, can be classified as 
a)
Autotrophs
b)
Carnivores
c)
Producers
d)
Decomposers
49.
Each step of a food chain, food web, or energy pyramid is known as a __________
a)
Producer level
b)
Food level
c)
Trophic level
d)
Consumption level
50.
In the food chain image, to what trophic level does the frog belong?
a)
Quaternary Consumer
b)
Primary Consumer
c)
Secondary Consumer
d)
Tertiary Consumer
51.
Use the graph - which biome has an annual precip of 25cm and an annual temp of 25C?
a)
Tropical Rainforest
b)
Tundra
c)
Desert
d)
Grassland
52.
a)

primary succession

b)

secondary succession

53.
Barnacles grow on whales.  Whales give the barnacles a place to live but the barnacles do not help or harm the whale.  Which type of relationship is this?
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
parasitiesm
54.
An oxpecker bird eats ticks off of a zebra.  The bird gets food from eating the ticks and the zebra has harmful parasites removed.  Which type of symbiosis is this?
a)
mutualism
b)
parasitism
c)
commensalism
55.

A species that plays a critical role in the health, maintenance, growth, or definition of an ecosystem.

a)

keystone

b)

invasive

c)

engineer

d)

predator

56.

A species that does not belong in a balanced ecosystem, comes in, and changes it (usually for the worse).

a)

flagnship

b)

umbrella

c)

invasive

d)

predator

57.

A species whose consumption of plants helps control the physical and biological aspects of an ecosystem.

a)

predator

b)

keystone

c)

herbivore

d)

flagship

58.

1. Biomass is the amount of living material present in an environment. Biodiversity refers to the variety of living things that are present in an ecosystem. Which of the following would you expect to occur over time as ecological succession moves forward?

a)

increases in both biomass and biodiversity

b)

decreases in both biomass and biodiversity

c)

increases in biomass, but decreases in biodiversity

d)

decreases in biomass, but increases in biodiversity

59.

7. Each drawing above represents different stages in community succession. Which of the following represents the correct order that the stages would occur during ecological succession?

a)

Q – S – R – T

b)

R – T – Q – S

c)

T – R – Q – S

d)

S – Q – T – R

60.

13. Which of the sequences below is listed from the least complex to the most complex?

a)

ecosystem → community → population → organism

b)

population → organism → ecosystem → community

c)

organism → population → community → ecosystem

d)

community → ecosystem → organism → population