to come to a reasonable conclusion based on evidence found in the text.

idea or message is fully stated or revealed by the author. The author tells the reader exactly what he or she needs to know.

A text's lesson or message

the most important point or idea that the author is making in a text

an overview of a text. It captures the main points but does not give every detail and does not include opinions

The specific order of a series of events that form a story

the solution to the problem or the end of the main dramatic conflict. The end of the story.

the way an author develops a character over the course of a text.

Meanings that go beyond the literal meaning of a word or phrase.

refers to the actual meaning of a word or phrase

When an author describes an object as if it were a person

a comparison using like or as

a direct comparison that states one thing is another

15. exaggeration beyond belief

A meaning beyond the explicit meaning of a word

the attitude of an author about a subject or an audience

helps break longer pieces of writing into smaller portions that are grouped together because they happened around the same time or because they share a similar meaning.

where and when a story takes place

The perspective from which a story is told

The character who tells the story in a literary text from his or her point of view

the voice of a literary text that speaks about the writer's feelings or situation. The speaker is not always the author because the author may be writing the text from a different perspective

To look at the similarities between two things

To look at the differences between two things

the category of a text, such as fiction or nonfiction

passages that explain or inform

A statement that can be proven

a statement that cannot be proven, as it states an author's belief or judgment about something

a short story about an interesting person or event.

refers to the symbolic meaning of words or phrases and uses figurative language

the order in which a series of events happened arranged in order of time from the beginning to the end

a relationship in which one thing causes another thing to happen

33. organizes text by listing supporting details from most important to least important, or by least important to most important

identifies a problem and proposes one or more solutions.

the author's intention for his or her piece (persuade, inform, entertain)

to put together key details and evidence from sources to show an understanding of the topic or issue

the main argument made by the author supported by reasons and evidence

details that support the author's particular points in a text

refers to something that proves the truth of something else

provide evidence and facts that support the writer's claim

the ways in which ideas are connected

is less personal and is used in writing such as an essay, research paper, or business letter

A form of writing that informs the reader or explains something.

forms of writing in which the writer makes a claim and supports that claim with reasons and evidence

the way in which a piece of writing is organized, designed, and arranged

refers to a variety of media

a word, phrase, or clause that links one idea to the next

using specific and vivid words and phrases to describe or explain and make meaning clear.

a real or imaginary story that may be about a situation, a single moment in time, or a series of related events and experiences

used to show the reader the exact words the characters are saying

the speed at which a story is told

describes concrete words and phrases in a way that allows the reader to experience the way things look, sound, smell, taste, or feel through imagination

the events of the story stop, and the reader understands one or more of these ideas: what the story meant, what characters learned, how characters felt about the experience, how characters changed, and what the reader can learn from the story

The people who will be reading the piece of writing

the process of editing and rewriting a piece of writing

gathering information in order to learn more about a topic

a book, article, website, person, or piece of media that contains information

to use someone else's ideas and express those ideas in your own words

presenting the words, works, or ideas of someone else as though they are one's own and without providing attribution to the author

the set of rules for language

a part of speech that is used instead of a noun when the meaning of the noun is already understood. Ex: I, we, he, she, they, and it

Pronouns that act as the subject of a sentence. They complete the action

acts as the object of a sentence it receives the action of the verb.

pronouns that show possession or ownership

a pronoun that uses -self to emphasize the preceding noun.

pronouns that represent an object that may have already been identified or does not need explicit identification

a word or words that a pronoun refers to

refers to writing marks that help to separate and clarify ideas

Modifiers in a sentence that are not essential to the meaning of the sentence

used most often to separate nonessential information from the rest of the sentence ( , )

used to set off a modifier that clarifies or makes a comment about something in the sentence but seems out of place in the sentence.

Used to set off something that the writer wants to draw a lot of attention to, often an interruption to the sentence ( - )

The words, facts, or ideas in a text that explain a difficult or unusual word.

Also known as the base word. Knowing the meaning of the root word can help a reader determine the meaning of other forms of the word.

Letters that are added to a root word that change its meaning

A reference book that provides the precise, or exact, meanings of words and phrases

An alphabetical list of words and phrases and their meanings.

Quirky sayings and expressions specific to a language. For example, "Solving that puzzle was a piece of cake" means that the puzzle was easy, not that it was something to be eaten.

A word that imitates the natural sound of something

The use of the same sound to start several words in a row; for example, The beautiful butterfly blew by the bay.

Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity.

A word or phrase that has a meaning beyond the literal meaning of the word.

The explicit or dictionary meaning of a word.