Measures average achievement in key dimensions of human development: health, education, and standard of living.

The consumption of natural resources faster than they can be replenished.

The ability to produce goods at a lower opportunity cost than other producers.

Production system where materials arrive as needed to reduce storage costs.

Areas with different business and trade laws than the rest of the country.

Clustering of similar businesses in an area.

Energy from naturally replenishing sources like wind or solar, indicating environmental sustainability.

UN objectives for ending poverty, protecting the planet, and ensuring prosperity for all.

How an increase in spending produces an increase in national income and consumption.

South American trade bloc including Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

Over-reliance on exporting raw materials or agricultural products.

Five-stage model of economic growth that societies progress through.

Economic activities that extract or harvest products from earth (farming, mining, fishing).

The average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime.

The process by which an economy transitions from primarily agricultural to manufacturing-based production.

International organization promoting global monetary cooperation and financial stability.

Service-based economic activities (retail, banking, entertainment).

The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births.

A measurement that divides the total value by the total population (per person).