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Political Science Quiz

Total questions: 120

Worksheet time: 3600secs

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which methods used in other social sciences are also used in political science?

a)

Social methods

b)

Economic methods

c)

Technical methods

d)

Mathematical methods

e)

Moral methods

2.

Since which years has political science been studied as an independent scientific field and academic discipline in our republic?

a)

Since the 1992s

b)

Since the 1996s

c)

Since the 1997s

d)

Since the 1990s

e)

Since the 1995s

3.

Which concept unites the spheres of state, law, party, elections, decision-making mechanisms, political processes, political relations, political culture, etc.?

a)

The concept of politics

b)

The concept of society

c)

The concept of economy

d)

The concept of nature

e)

The concept of culture

4.

Which of the following sciences studies the political sphere of society and the events and processes occurring within it?

a)

Economics

b)

Psychology

c)

Sociology

d)

Political science

e)

History

5.

Which method in political science studies political events as they are reflected in the actions (behavior) of individuals or groups?

a)

Historical method

b)

System method

c)

Behavioral method

d)

Comparative analysis method

e)

Social method

6.

The formation of political science as an academic discipline is associated with whom?

a)

F. Lieber

b)

John Behrens

c)

M. Weber

d)

J. Locke

e)

N. Tusi

7.

In which year was political science established as an independent science?

a)

1830

b)

1827

c)

1857

d)

1853

e)

1880

8.

What is the subject of political science as an independent discipline?

a)

Politics, political consciousness, and culture

b)

The relationship between political power and society

c)

Political processes and political relations

d)

Politics, and the interaction between society and individuals through political institutions

e)

State law and political parties

9.

Who stated that the organization of public labor and the need to prevent disorder in the production process require certain measures, all of which are called politics?

a)

Nizami

b)

Plato

c)

M. F. Akhundov

d)

N. Tusi

e)

Aristotle

10.

Who said that "Politics is a means of suppressing the awakening spirit of the people and their desire for change"?

a)

M. Amadi

b)

F. Aquinas

c)

T. More

d)

N. Machiavelli

e)

N. Tusi

11.

What is the primary purpose of political science as an independent discipline?

a)

Studying the level of political consciousness and culture in society

b)

Examining the methods and means of political power management

c)

Analyzing the social and political structure of society

d)

Studying the structure and functioning of political systems

e)

Investigating public participation in society

12.

Which of the following are considered political science laws?

a)

Economic, political, and social laws (şübhəli)

b)

Psychological, political, and public laws

c)

Social, political, and public laws

d)

Political-economic, political-social, and political-psychological laws

e)

Social and public laws

13.

What elements does the systems analysis method include?

a)

System, environment, public opinion

b)

Political and social environment, response reactions

c)

System, environment, response reactions

d)

Socio-political environment and public opinion

e)

Environment and social sphere

14.

Which of the following is not a function of political science?

a)

Educational

b)

Cognitive

c)

Ideological

d)

Predictive

15.

How many types of politics exist?

a)

Foreign, international, and world politics

b)

Social, cultural, and economic policy

c)

Social, economic, and military policy

d)

Domestic, foreign, and world politics

e)

Domestic, foreign, and social policy

16.

In which year was the International Political Science Association established under UNESCO?

a)

1948

b)

1949

c)

1957

d)

1939

e)

1947

17.

Which function of political science is characterized by its close connection to political life and political practice in society?

a)

Cognitive

b)

Practical

c)

Educational

d)

Predictive

e)

Governance

18.

Which of the following sciences focuses on the political sphere of society, including events and processes occurring within it?

a)

Sociology

b)

Political Science

c)

Philosophy

d)

Economics

e)

Psychology

19.

The interaction between society and individuals through political institutions belongs to which field of study?

a)

Economics

b)

Demography

c)

History

d)

Political Science

e)

Philosophy

20.

Some political scientists suggest that politics should not be seen as a science but rather as what?

a)

Status

b)

Art

c)

Duty

d)

Profession

e)

Social role

21.

What type of political laws explain the relationship between individuals and political power?

a)

Historical-descriptive

b)

Socio-political

c)

Scientific-theoretical

d)

Political-psychological

e)

Political-economic

22.

Which type of political law describes the relationship between political power and the economic base of society?

a)

Political-social

b)

Historical-descriptive

c)

Scientific-theoretical

d)

Political-psychological

e)

Political-economic

23.

Which method in political science identifies similarities and differences between political processes and institutions?

a)

Systematic method

b)

Theoretical method

c)

Behavioral method

d)

Synthesis method

e)

Comparative analysis method

24.

Which function of political science is related to studying trends in political development and changes in various political events and processes?

a)

Predictive function

b)

Educational function

c)

Ideological function

d)

Cognitive function

e)

Governance function

25.

According to which philosopher are people divided into two groups—those who act based on good and those who act based on evil?

a)

M.F. Akhundov

b)

Nizami

c)

Aristotle

d)

N. Tusi

e)

Plato

26.

What does the narrow definition of the term "political science" include?

a)

State and political power

b)

Political parties and mass organizations

c)

Political system and political regime

d)

Problems that form the object and subject of political science

e)

Political consciousness and culture

27.

What does political science mean in a broader sense?

a)

A discipline that encompasses all knowledge about society

b)

A discipline that encompasses all knowledge about the political system

c)

A discipline that encompasses all knowledge about political power

d)

A discipline that encompasses all knowledge about the state

e)

A discipline that encompasses all knowledge about politics

28.

Which methods does political science use as an independent discipline?

a)

Practical method, theoretical method

b)

General logical method, educational method

c)

Cognitive method, governance method

d)

General logical method and theoretical method

e)

Worldview method, governance method

29.

In which year and by whom was the first higher political school established?

a)

1857 by Francis Lieber

b)

1880 by John Burgess

c)

1903 by John Locke

d)

1853 by Max Weber

e)

1815 by John Stuart

30.

Which function of political science is evident in understanding political development, preparing recommendations for the future development of political systems, disseminating political theories, and training specialists in political science?

a)

Predictive

b)

Practical

c)

Governance

d)

Methodological

e)

Educational

31.

How did Aristotle refer to slaves belonging to slave owners?

a)

Black laborer

b)

"Talking tool" / “living tool”

c)

Beggar, poor

d)

Civilized animal

e)

Black mass

32.

Which concept did Bacon consider essential for the "political body" to function?

a)

Contradictions

b)

War

c)

Peace

d)

Tension

e)

Conflict

33.

What did Francis Bacon prioritize in the development of society?

a)

Agriculture and industry

b)

Post-industrial and agricultural development

c)

Industry and capitalism

d)

Technical and practical fields

e)

Trade and industry

34.

Which thinker proposed the idea of state sovereignty in France?

a)

Francis Bacon

b)

Machiavelli

c)

Jean Bodin

d)

Thomas More

e)

John Locke

35.

According to Marcus Tullius Cicero, which forms of government should be combined to ensure the stability of the state?

a)

Polity, monarchy, timocracy

b)

Oligarchy, democracy, autocracy

c)

Monarchy, aristocracy, democracy

d)

Aristocracy, oligarchy, tyranny

e)

Ochlocracy, tyranny, democracy

36.

Which thinker emphasized the combination of monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy as the foundation of a stable state?

a)

Polybius

b)

Diogenes

c)

Cicero

d)

Dicaearchus

e)

Isocrates

37.

What ideology dominated India during the feudal era?

a)

Religion

b)

State

c)

Politics

d)

Economy

e)

Law

38.

Who were the leading thinkers in the history of Hellenistic political thought?

a)

Socrates and Hegel

b)

Pythagoras and Democritus

c)

Aristotle and Plato

d)

Parsons and Dahrendorf

e)

Demosthenes and Isocrates

39.

Which thinker considered a slave to be a "talking tool" belonging to a slave owner?

a)

Aristotle

b)

Plato

c)

Comte

d)

Hegel

e)

Socrates

40.

What was Montesquieu's ideal political system?

a)

Despotism

b)

Democracy

c)

Absolute monarchy

d)

Constitutional "enlightened" monarchy

e)

Theocratic monarchy

41.

According to Plato, what was the role of guardians in an "ideal state"?

a)

Guardians protect the ruling and the ruled classes.

b)

Guardians defend the rights of farmers and craftsmen.

c)

Guardians safeguard the rights of priests.

d)

Guardians preserve the existing state structure and the interests of the ruling class.

e)

Guardians establish the state's coercive apparatus and protect the rule of the aristocratic slave-owning class.

42.

Which thinker argued that the state has a natural origin and was created by humans?

a)

Benedict Spinoza

b)

Charles-Louis Montesquieu

c)

Pierre Gassendi

d)

Thomas Hobbes

e)

John Locke

43.

Which Renaissance thinker considered the state as an apparatus through which the wealthy exploit the common people?

a)

John Locke

b)

Niccolò Machiavelli

c)

Francis Bacon

d)

Thomas More

e)

Jean Bodin

44.

According to Claude Adrien Helvétius, which is the worst form of governance?

a)

Theocratic monarchy

b)

Enlightened monarchy

c)

Constitutional monarchy

d)

Absolute monarchy

e)

Military monarchy

45.

Who argued that if the state is created by a social contract, the people should have the right to dissolve a contract that does not serve their interests and form a new association?

a)

Claude Adrien Helvétius

b)

Denis Diderot

c)

John Locke

d)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

e)

Charles-Louis Montesquieu

46.

According to Montesquieu, what is the ideal type of government?

a)

Absolute monarchy

b)

Democracy

c)

Despotism

d)

Constitutional "enlightened" monarchy

e)

Theocratic monarchy

47.

Which medieval thinker considered class-based hierarchical organization in society as necessary and natural?

a)

Ibn Rushd (Averroes)

b)

Al-Farabi

c)

Al-Biruni

d)

Ibn Sina (Avicenna)

e)

Ibn Khaldun

48.

According to the Chinese philosopher Confucius (6th-5th centuries BCE), into which stages is social and political life divided?

a)

Independence, stability, great harmony

b)

Stability, automatism, analogy

c)

Stability, adaptation, anarchy

d)

Adaptation, stability, instability

e)

Disorder, stability, great harmony

49.

Which ancient thinker considered the state as a synonym for the socially important institution of the family?

a)

Laozi

b)

Solon

c)

Mozi

d)

Confucius

e)

Periander

50.

Which ancient philosopher is associated with the patriarchal-paternalist theory?

a)

Laozi

b)

Shang Yang

c)

Solon

d)

Confucius

e)

Mozi

51.

Which American philosopher’s political ideas had a religious character?

a)

Benjamin Franklin

b)

Jeremy Bentham

c)

John Eliot

d)

Thomas Jefferson

e)

Alvin Toffler

52.

According to Plato, which is the ideal type of state?

a)

Oligarchy

b)

Democracy

c)

Aristocracy

d)

Timocracy

e)

Tyranny

53.

What is Aristotle’s ideal type of state?

a)

Aristocracy

b)

Monarchy

c)

Polity

d)

Tyranny

e)

Oligarchy

54.

According to Plato, which system did he consider the "ideal state"?

a)

Timocracy, monarchy

b)

Democracy, polity

c)

Oligarchy, polity

d)

Tyranny, aristocratic republic

e)

Monarchy, aristocratic republic

55.

According to Aristotle, which are the "normal" (legitimate) forms of government?

a)

Monarchy, aristocracy, polity

b)

Polity, monarchy, tyranny

c)

Oligarchy, aristocracy, polity

d)

Democracy, aristocracy, polity

e)

Monarchy, oligarchy, polity

56.

According to Aristotle, what is the best form of government?

a)

Tyranny

b)

Oligarchy

c)

Monarchy

d)

Polity

e)

Aristocracy

57.

Which medieval philosopher's political thought focused on organizing the state to govern its citizens justly and generously, as well as studying and implementing methods of governance?

a)

Ibn Khaldun

b)

Ibn Rushd (Averroes)

c)

Al-Biruni

d)

Ibn Sina (Avicenna)

e)

Al-Farabi

58.

Which medieval thinker considered the class-hierarchical structure of society necessary and lawful?

a)

Ibn Sina (Avicenna)

b)

Ibn Sina (Avicenna)

c)

Al-Biruni

d)

Al-Farabi

e)

Ibn Rushd (Averroes)

59.

Which philosopher was a proponent of the "Iron Fist" theory?

a)

Francis Bacon

b)

Thomas More

c)

Niccolò Machiavelli

d)

Jean Bodin

e)

John Locke

60.

According to Machiavelli, what should be the foundation of the state?

a)

Religious values

b)

Morality

c)

Legal and moral principles

d)

Power free from all moral principles

e)

Legal norms

61.

Who is the author of Two Treatises of Government?

a)

Thomas Hobbes

b)

John Locke

c)

Benedict Spinoza

d)

Charles-Louis Montesquieu

e)

Pierre Gassendi

62.

Who wrote The Republic?

a)

Socrates

b)

Plato

c)

Aristotle

d)

Karl Marx

e)

Pareto

63.

According to Plato, which ideal state is divided into three classes?

a)

Philosophers, rulers, workers

b)

Philosophers, guardians, farmers, and artisans

c)

Aristocrats, slaves, mercenaries

d)

Peasants, slaves, aristocrats

e)

Slave owners, slaves, artisans

64.

According to Confucian teachings, the state functions as a synonym for which fundamental social unit?

a)

Society

b)

Family

c)

Union

d)

State

e)

Community

65.

According to Confucius, governance is based on which principle?

a)

Plutocracy

b)

Hierarchy

c)

Ochlocracy

d)

Democracy

e)

Equality

66.

What term did Aristotle use to refer to a slave in society?

a)

Mass of people

b)

Social animal

c)

Beggar, poor

d)

Talking tool

e)

Lower class

67.

In Hellenism, what replaced patriotism?

a)

Liberalism

b)

Cosmopolitanism

c)

Interactionism

d)

Interculturalism

e)

Communism

68.

In his political doctrine, which form of governance did Ibn Khaldun favor?

a)

Enlightened monarchy

b)

Caliphate

c)

Natural monarchy

d)

Political monarchy

e)

Monarchy

69.

The development of political and legal thought in the East took its most magnificent form with the emergence of which religious ideology?

a)

Zoroastrianism

b)

Islam

c)

Christianity

d)

Judaism

e)

Buddhism

70.

How did Machiavelli describe the nobility?

a)

"...the cursed enemy of all humanity."

b)

"...the cursed enemy of all citizenship."

c)

"...the cursed enemy of all collectives."

d)

"...the cursed enemy of all individuals."

e)

"...the cursed enemy of all persons."

71.

According to Machiavelli, which class was the harbinger of cruel dictatorship?

a)

Workers

b)

Exploiters

c)

Intellectuals

d)

Peasants

e)

Nobles

72.

With which famous work did Thomas More make his mark in history?

a)

Politics

b)

Utopia

c)

Leviathan

d)

The Law

e)

Rhetoric

73.

Where did Thomas More see the root of evil?

a)

Private property

b)

Market economy

c)

Common labor

d)

Public wealth

e)

Private enterprises

74.

Who is the author of the famous phrase "Man is a wolf to man"?

a)

Max Weber

b)

Thomas Hobbes

c)

Francis Bacon

d)

John Locke

e)

Thomas More

75.

What form of government did Thomas Hobbes consider the best?

a)

Democracy

b)

Monarchy

c)

Ochlocracy

d)

Oligarchy

e)

Tyranny

76.

In which of his works did Thomas Hobbes advocate despotic repression against revolutionary uprisings?

a)

The Law

b)

Leviathan

c)

Metaphysics

d)

Politics

e)

Triptychos

77.

Which philosopher is associated with the concept of "Objective Spirit"?

a)

Thomas Hobbes

b)

Hegel

c)

Friedrich Engels

d)

Charles-Louis Montesquieu

e)

Immanuel Kant

78.

According to Aristotle, which forms of government are considered "incorrect" ("deviant")?

a)

Democracy, aristocracy, tyranny

b)

Tyranny, oligarchy, democracy

c)

Democracy, polity, aristocracy

d)

Tyranny, polity, democracy

e)

Tyranny, oligarchy, anarchy

79.

According to Plato’s Republic, which class creates the state's coercive apparatus and maintains the dominance of the aristocratic slave-owning class?

a)

Polity

b)

Guardians

c)

Workers

d)

Aristocracy

e)

Philosophers

80.

In ancient times, what was the primary orientation of early socio-political thought?

a)

Social-political

b)

Religious-mythological

c)

Psychological-social

d)

Economic-political

e)

Mythological-political

81.

In whom did Abbasgulu Agha Bakikhanov place all his hopes for societal development?

a)

A democratic state

b)

A wise and just king

c)

An educated ruler

d)

A merciful king

e)

An enlightened monarch

82.

What was Nizami Ganjavi’s political ideal, first and later?

a)

Enlightened monarchy, then democratic republic

b)

Utopian monarchy, then people's rule

c)

Enlightened monarchy, then utopian state

d)

Enlightened monarchy, then people's rule

e)

Enlightened feudalism, then people's rule

83.

How can Zoroaster’s idea be summarized?

a)

The struggle of benevolence and ignorance, good and evil, life and death

b)

The struggle of good and evil, life and death, those who desire Zoroaster’s teachings and those who do not

c)

The struggle of good and evil, light and darkness, believers and the ignorant

d)

The struggle of good and evil, light and darkness, life and death

e)

The order of the world depends on the struggle of goodness and evil, light and darkness, life and death, religious people, and the ignorant

84.

What did Abulhasan Bahmanyar say about the feudal system, and where did he see the path to happiness?

a)

A state ruled by a supreme religious leader

b)

He praised the existing system and saw happiness in a benevolent ruler

c)

He criticized the existing system and saw happiness in the people coming to power

d)

He criticized the existing system and saw happiness in revolution

e)

He praised the existing system and saw happiness in education and moral development

85.

According to Nasreddin Tusi, what is the state, and when does it emerge?

a)

According to Tusi, the state is formed based on the unity of nations and peoples, aiming to solve social problems.

b)

According to Tusi, the state is established based on human unity and cohesion, created to meet people's needs.

c)

According to Tusi, the state exists to benefit people, fulfill their needs, and represent the unity of nations.

d)
e)
86.

According to Nasreddin Tusi, what seven qualities should a ruler possess?

a)

Fatherhood, nobility, influence, wealth, patience, loyal and righteous aides, ability to speak the truth.

b)

Fatherhood, nobility, determination, wealth, patience, influence, loyal and righteous aides.

c)

Fatherhood, nobility, determination, masculine willpower, influence, simplicity, loyal and righteous aides.

d)

Fatherhood, nobility, determination, masculine willpower, patience, wealth, loyal and righteous aides.

e)

Fatherhood, nobility, masculine willpower, patience, sincerity, wealth, loyal and righteous aides.

87.

What did Nizami Ganjavi see as the main cause of the shortcomings of feudal society?

a)

He blamed unjust and violent monarchs for not being enlightened.

b)

He attributed it to the lack of enlightenment among rulers.

c)

He believed it was because monarchs were not elected by the people.

d)

He saw the character of the state, which was based on injustice, violence, and plunder, as the root cause.

e)

He attributed it to the improper governance of the state by monarchs.

88.

According to Tusi, which classes should constitute the state?

a)

Merchants, intellectuals, aristocracy, military.

b)

Aristocracy, masses, military, peasants.

c)

Aristocracy, masses, public.

d)

Elite intellectuals, military.

e)

The literati (scholars), the warriors, the traders, and the agriculturists.

89.

What was Abbasgulu Agha Bakikhanov's ideal form of government?

a)

A state ruled by a supreme religious leader.

b)

Absolute monarchy.

c)

A state governed by the rule of law.

d)

Parliamentary monarchy.

e)

A state ruled by an enlightened monarch.

90.

The idea that everything in the world, including political life, develops according to natural and unshakable laws belongs to which thinker?

a)

M.F. Akhundov

b)

H. Zardabi

c)

J. Mammadguluzadeh

d)

M.M. Kazimbey

e)

A. Bakikhanov

91.

Which of the following thinkers called on the people to overthrow the existing system by force and incited rebellion?

a)

M.F. Akhundov

b)

A. Bakikhanov

c)

M. Kazimbey

d)

J. Mammadguluzadeh

e)

H. Zardabi

92.

What did Abulhasan Bahmanyar say about feudalism, and where did he see the path to happiness?

a)

He condemned the existing system and saw the path to happiness in education and moral perfection.

b)

He condemned the existing system and believed that happiness could only be achieved when the people took power.

c)

He praised the existing system and saw the path to happiness in education and moral perfection.

d)

He condemned the existing system and saw revolution as the path to happiness.

e)

He praised the existing system and saw happiness in a benevolent ruler.

93.

What five fundamental forms of freedom did M.A. Rasulzadeh identify?

a)

Freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of association and union, freedom of conscience, and protection of property and life.

b)

Freedom of speech, freedom of the press, human freedom, freedom of conscience, protection of property and life.

c)

Freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of association and union, freedom of conscience, national freedom.

d)

Freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of minorities, freedom of conscience, freedom of union.

e)

Freedom of speech, freedom of the press, national freedom, protection of property and life, freedom of conscience.

94.

What form of government did Nariman Narimanov promote in his youth?

a)

Democratic republic

b)

Constitutional monarchy

c)

Socialist democracy

d)

Enlightened monarchy

e)

Despotism

95.

Why did M.A. Rasulzadeh criticize Tercüman newspaper and its editor Ismail Gasprinski in 1907 in Təkamül newspaper?

a)

For promoting Russia

b)

For promoting Turkey

c)

For supporting Iran

d)

For promoting nationalism

e)

For opposing democracy

96.

In the early period of his work, which form of government did M.F. Akhundov support?

a)

Theological monarchy

b)

Parliamentary monarchy

c)

Absolute monarchy

d)

Enlightened monarchy

e)

Theocratic monarchy

97.

In Letters of Kemalüddövlə, which form of government did M.F. Akhundov advocate?

a)

Absolute monarchy

b)

Theocratic monarchy

c)

Enlightened monarchy

d)

Parliamentary monarchy

e)

Constitutional monarchy

98.

Which Azerbaijani intellectual saw science and education as the primary sources of social progress, economic development, and the improvement of people's material and moral well-being?

a)

J. Mammadguluzadeh

b)

M. Kazimbey

c)

A. Bakikhanov

d)

H. Zardabi

e)

M.F. Akhundov

99.

According to H. Zardabi, what was the main cause of society's socio-economic and cultural backwardness?

a)

The low level of political awareness among the people.

b)

The low level of political culture among the people.

c)

The political illiteracy of the people.

d)

The low level of public engagement.

e)

The people's lack of knowledge of modern science.

100.

How many forms of freedom did M.A. Rasulzadeh distinguish?

a)

7

b)

3

c)

4

d)

5

e)

2

101.

What ideas played a leading role in M.A. Rasulzadeh's political legacy?

a)

Civil liberties

b)

Freedom and liberty

c)

Freedom of conscience

d)

Legal equality

e)

Property rights

102.

How did the Khurramites refer to themselves?

a)

Rebels for freedom

b)

Muhammirs

c)

Messengers of liberty

d)

Lovers of freedom

e)

Revolutionaries

103.

What does the Avesta promote?

a)

The sanctity of humanity

b)

Strong state power

c)

Civil liberties

d)

The rule of the nobility

e)

The inviolability of the ruler

104.

According to the Avesta, who should lead the state?

a)

The people

b)

A benevolent ruler

c)

Priests

d)

Military leaders

e)

The wealthy

105.

"The state emerges when people voluntarily unite out of a desire to meet their needs." To which medieval thinker does this idea belong?

a)

M. Fizuli

b)

N. Tusi

c)

N. Ganjavi

d)

M. Avadi

e)

A. Bahmanyar

106.

In the early stages of his political career, which ideology did M.A. Rasulzadeh support?

a)

Neoliberalism

b)

Islamism

c)

Neoconservatism

d)

Liberalism

e)

Conservatism

107.

According to M.F. Akhundov, who should be the creator of the constitution?

a)

Intellectuals

b)

The people

c)

The ruler

d)

Government officials

e)

The military

108.

Under a constitutional monarchy, what did Akhundov believe should be the primary duty of the monarch?

a)

Laws should be enforced

b)

Only approved laws should be ratified

c)

The monarch should focus on protecting the country

d)

The monarch should abide by enacted laws

e)

The monarch should only issue decrees

109.

According to J. Mammadguluzadeh, what is the ideal form of government?

a)

Parliamentary monarchy

b)

Democratic republic

c)

Constitutional monarchy

d)

Republic

e)

Monarchy

110.

Which form of government did N. Narimanov criticize?

a)

Enlightened monarchy

b)

Despotism

c)

Democracy

d)

Democratic republic

e)

Constitutional monarchy

111.

Who stated that "society and the state" have the same meaning and that the state is a reflection of the kingdom of heaven on earth?

a)

N. Ganjavi

b)

Zoroaster

c)

Aristotle

d)

Thomas Aquinas

e)

Plato

112.

In whose work does the theme of education occupy a special place?

a)

H. Zardabi

b)

Bahmanyar

c)

N. Tusi

d)

Aristotle

e)

N. Ganjavi

113.

Which thinker proposed limiting the monarch's power through parliament, allowing people to participate in legislation, and establishing a bicameral parliament?

a)

H. Zardabi

b)

M.F. Akhundov

c)

John Locke

d)

Charles-Louis Montesquieu

e)

N. Narimanov

114.

Who argued that the state should be based on legal principles and that the foundations of a legal state should be established?

a)

A. Bakikhanov

b)

M.A. Rasulzadeh

c)

J. Mammadguluzadeh

d)

Charles-Louis Montesquieu

e)

M.F. Akhundov

115.

Who stated that law represents the will of the ruling classes and, in exploitative societies, contradicts the interests of the working class?

a)

Karl Marx

b)

N. Narimanov

c)

John Locke

d)

Charles de Gaulle

e)

Charles-Louis Montesquieu

116.

Which thinker used the concepts of "society" and "state" interchangeably?

a)

M. Kazimbey

b)

M.F. Akhundov

c)

N. Ganjavi

d)

H. Zardabi

117.

Which form of government was NOT proposed by N. Narimanov?

a)

Democratic republic

b)

Enlightened monarchy

c)

Absolute monarchy

d)

Despotism

e)

Constitutional monarchy

118.

Which thinker placed all hope in an enlightened monarch and believed that society could be transformed in a progressive direction through fundamental reforms implemented by a wise king?

a)

M. Kazimbey

b)

N. Tusi

c)

N. Ganjavi

d)

A. Bakikhanov

e)

H. Zardabi

119.

Who believed that "everything in the world, including political life, develops according to natural and unshakable laws"?

a)

N. Narimanov

b)

M.A. Rasulzadeh

c)

J. Mammadguluzadeh

d)

M. Kazimbey

e)

M.F. Akhundov

120.

According to J. Mammadguluzadeh, what are the main characteristics of an ideal state?

a)

Parliamentary governance

b)

Separation of powers

c)

Rule of law

d)

Democratic elections and equality of citizens' rights

e)

Protection of rights and freedoms