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Category 4 Question Stems

Total questions: 130

Worksheet time: 3hrs 43mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which part of Earth is experiencing night?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

2.

Which kind of motion is best describes how the Earth is moving in relation to the Sun?

a)

Rotation

b)

Revolution

3.

Which kind of motion is best describes how the Earth is moving?

a)

Rotation

b)

Revolution

4.
Differences in the moon's and sun's pull on different sides of the Earth cause _________.
a)
gravity
b)
lunar phases
c)
tides
d)
dabbing
5.
Which of the following pictures represents low tide? 
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
6.
Which body has the greater effect on Earth's tides?
a)
Sun
b)
Saturn
c)
Moon 
d)
Venus
7.
Earth's ________ on its axis causes day and night.
a)
rotation
b)
revolution
c)
phase
d)
comet
8.

What geologic process changes pieces of rocks, minerals, and other material into sedimentary rock?

a)

Cooling

b)

Compacting and cementing

c)

Melting

d)

Heat and pressure

9.

What geologic process can change granite (igneous rock) into gneiss (metamorphic rock)?

a)

compacting and cementing

b)

cooling

c)

heat and pressure

d)

melting

10.
_________________ is the breaking down of rock into smaller pieces of rock.
a)
erosion
b)
weathering 
c)
deposition
11.
What type of rock are fossils often found in?
a)
igneous
b)
metamorphic
c)
sedimentary
d)
magma
12.
The process by which sediment is moved from one place to another.   Can be caused by water, wind, ice, and gravity.
a)
Rock Cycle
b)
Uplift
c)
Deposition
d)
Erosion
13.
Wind, water, and ice breaking down rock is called
a)
Erosion
b)
Deposition
c)
Compaction
d)
Weathering
14.
A metamorphic rock changes into an igneous rock by what two processes?
a)
Melting and cooling
b)
Extreme heat and pressure
c)
Compaction and cementation
d)
Weathering and erosion
15.

Which type of rock results from melting and cooling of magma?

a)

Igneous

b)

Metamorphic

c)

Sedimentary

d)

clastic

16.
This rock was formed by smaller pieces of rock that settled at the bottom of a lake millions of years ago. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
17.
Which instrument could tell you that conditions are right for flying a kite?
a)
Anemometer
b)
Barometer
c)
Hygrometer
d)
Thermometer
18.
Name the boundary
a)
convergent boundary
b)
divergent boundary
c)
transform boundary
d)
sergent boundary
19.
Name the boundary
a)
convergent boundary
b)
divergent boundary
c)
transform boundary
d)
sergent boundary
20.
What type of event will occur at this boundary?
a)
Earthquake
b)
Volcano Eruption
c)
Tornado
d)
Mountain Building
21.
What type of plate boundary is this?
a)
Plate
b)
Divergent
c)
Convergent
d)
Transform
22.

The diagram above shows layers of sedimentary rocks and examples of their fossils. Which layer contains the oldest fossils?

a)

Layer 2

b)

Layer 4

c)

Layer 1

d)

Layer 3

23.

This diagrams shows layers of sedimentary rock and the fossils found in each. Which fossil was formed most recently?

a)
b)
c)
d)
24.

The diagram represents the layers found inside a rocky cliff. The rock layers contain fossils. Which of the following layers of rock is most likely the youngest?

a)

The layer containing trilobites.

b)

The layer containing fishes.

c)

The layer containing amphibians.

d)

The layer containing mammals.

25.
Which type of storm forms over ocean water and has extremely strong winds?
a)
Tornado
b)
Thunderstorm
c)
Hurricane
26.
Which of these best describes a tornado?
a)
A winter storm that produces frozen precipitation
b)
A rotating funnel-shaped cloud with strong winds and thunderstorms
c)
A severe weather condition with low temperatures and blowing snow
d)
A storm that forms over warm ocean water and has extremely strong winds
27.

Organize these options into the right categories

Categorize the following

causes less damage to organisms and their habitat

causes more pollution

wind

hydroelectric

solar

coal

natural gas

petroleum oil

Renewable Resources
Nonrenewable Resources
28.

Identify the 2 ways that Earth moves and the effects of those movements. Put the name at the top and the length at the bottom.

a)

Revolution

b)

Rotation

c)

day and night

d)

year

1
2
3
4
1)
2)
3)
4)
29.

Organize these options into the right categories

Categorize the following

Thunderstorm

Fair Weather

light rain or drizzle

approaching warm front

Cirrus Cloud
Stratus Cloud
Cumulus Cloud
Cumulonimbus Cloud
30.

Use the diagram to organize these options into the right categories.

Categorize the following

made of solid iron

made of melted metal

thinnest layer

thickest layer

B

C

D

A

Inner Core
Outer Core
Crust
Mantle
31.

(4.4C weather and climate) Describe the difference between weather and climate.

Categorize the following

It rained for three days in a row last week.

The temperature is 85°F this afternoon.

Snow is expected tomorrow night.

Summers are usually hot and humid in Virginia

Deserts have It has cool summers and snowy winters.

Climate
Weather
32.

Match the planets by dragging them into the correct boxes.

a)

Neptune

b)

Uranus

c)

Saturn

d)

Jupiter

e)

Mercury

f)

Venus

g)

Earth

h)

Mars

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
33.

Match the planet to the food by size.

a)

Venus

b)

Earth

c)

Mars

d)

Mercury

e)

Jupiter

f)

Saturn

g)

Uranus

h)

Neptune

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
34.

Use the descriptions below to determine the difference between rotation and resolution.

Categorize the following

causes seasons

takes 1 year = 365 days

takes 1 day= 24 hours

causes day and night

turn/spin

movement in a orbit(path)

Revolution
Rotation
35.

Match the description to each planet.

Uranus ​ (a)   Mercury (b)  

Saturn ​ (c)   Neptune​ (d)  

Earth​ (e)  

Choose from the below words
the sixth planet from the Sun
has a blue atmosphere made of gas
has water and life forms
has rings and spins on its side
closest to the Sun and is small
36.

(4.6d characteristics of the Earth Moon and Sun)

Describe the characteristics of the Earth, Moon, and Sun.

Categorize the following

has no atmosphere

is the largest

water, land, and an atmosphere.

produces its own light

is the smallest

rocky object that orbits Earth

the center of the solar system

4.6 billion years old

4.54 billion years old

4.53 billion years old

Earth
Moon
Sun
37.

(4.4A weather tools) A meteorologist wants to measure how much rain fell and the wind speed during a recent storm. Which two tools should she use?

a)

barometer

b)

anemometer

c)

thermometer

d)

rain gauge

e)

wind vane

38.

(4.7B physical ocean characteristics) Which statement best describes how the temperature of ocean water changes with depth?

a)

The temperature increases as depth increases.

b)

The temperature stays the same at all depths.

c)

The temperature decreases as depth increases.

d)

The temperature only changes near the surface.

39.

(4.8 Virginia's mineral resources)

Rocks and Minerals - Rocks are made up of different types of minerals mixed together, while minerals are naturally occurring, solid substances with a specific chemical makeup and crystal structure.

How can you tell the difference between a rock and a mineral?

a)

Rocks have a smooth texture, and minerals are rough.

b)

Rocks are mixtures of materials, while minerals are made of only one material.

c)

Minerals are always colorful, and rocks are always gray.

d)

Minerals are found only underground, and rocks are found only above ground.

40.

Different types of clouds are associated with different types of weather. Which of the following types of clouds would most likely be seen in the sky during a thunderstorm?

a)
b)
c)
d)
41.
The weather instrument that measures the amount of precipitation is called the...
a)
Anemometer
b)
Barometer
c)
Thermometer
d)
Rain Gauge
42.
Question Image

The chart compares the sizes of the sun, moon, and Earth. Complete the chart by identifying each by its size on a scale of 1–3, with 1 being the greatest and 3 being the least. Draw a line from the correct answer to each box. Then write the correct answer in each box. 5.2(G)

a)

sun

1.

1

b)

moon

2.

3

c)

Earth

3.

2

43.

The San Andreas Fault in California is an area where the Pacific and North American tectonic plates meet. What occurrence is caused by the plate movement along the San Andreas Fault?

a)

Tornadoes

b)

Earthquakes

c)

Tsunamis

d)

Volcanoes

44.

The model below illustrates the movement of the Earth and Moon. Which arrow in the model explains the day/night cycle we experience on Earth?

a)

Arrow 1

b)

Arrow 2

c)

Arrow 3

d)

Arrow 4

45.

Beth notices her hammock is in the shade between 12:00 PM and 2:00 PM. What causes the shade to move past the hammock after 2:00 PM?

a)

The Earth rotates and causes the sun to appear to move.

b)

The Earth revolves around the sun.

c)

The Sun travels on its orbit around the Earth.

d)

The Sun’s light is refracted in the atmosphere.

46.

Kaitlyn is at Point A and Alexander is at Point B on the Earth. Which of the following statements is true?

a)

Kaitlyn will see the sunrise before Alexander.

b)

Kaitlyn is experiencing summer, but Alexander is experiencing winter.

c)

Alexander will see a full moon, but Kaitlyn will only see a crescent moon.

d)

Alexander will see the sunset before Kaitlyn.

47.

A student draws a model showing the movements of Earth, the moon, and the sun. Which arrow shows the movement that causes day and night on Earth?

a)

Arrow 1, because it shows the rotation of the sun

b)

Arrow 2, because it shows the orbit of Earth around the sun

c)

Arrow 3, because it shows the orbit of the moon around Earth

d)

Arrow 4, because it shows the rotation of Earth

48.

A student records the following information about a planet:

- Its largest moon is named Titan

- It is made up mostly of gases

- It is surrounded by rings

- It is the sixth planet from the sun.


Which planet is the student studying?

a)

Saturn

b)

Uranus

c)

Jupiter

d)

Mars

49.

The photograph below shows a canyon in northern Arizona. Which of these describes how this canyon was most likely formed?

a)

Weathering and erosion by water

b)

Weathering and erosion by wind

c)

Weathering and erosion by ice

d)

Weathering and erosion human interaction with the environment.

50.

This landform is formed by

a)

water erosion

b)

wind erosion

c)

deposition

d)

glaciers

51.

Which planet is marked by the letter X?

a)

Earth

b)

Mars

c)

Venus

d)

Mercury

52.

What is one way to make this model more accurate?

a)

Use wooden blocks instead of foam balls

b)

Make the sun larger than the Earth and the moon smaller

c)

Move the sun closer to the Earth

d)

Change the order of the foam balls to be moon, sun, Earth

53.

Reorder the following showing the shallowest parts of the ocean to the deepest part of the ocean.

a)

Continental Shelf

b)

Continental slope

c)

Abyssal plain

d)

Ocean trench

1)
2)
3)
4)
54.
The breakdown of rock into smaller particles from the effects of wind, water and ice
a)
erosion
b)
cementation 
c)
pressure
d)
weathering
55.
Wind, water, ice and gravity carry sediments away
a)
weathering
b)
deposition
c)
erosion
d)
cementation
56.
Sediment that is left behind in rivers lakes and oceans
a)
weathering
b)
erosion
c)
cementation
d)
deposition
57.

Organize these options into the right categories

Categorize the following

Thunderstorm

Fair Weather

light rain or drizzle

approaching warm front

Cirrus Cloud
Stratus Cloud
Cumulus Cloud
Cumulonimbus Cloud
58.

Label the ocean floor.

a)trench
b)continental shelf
c)continental slope
d)continental rise
e)abyssal plain
1
2
3
4
5
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
59.

Describe each cloud type.

Categorize the following

I would see these types of clouds during a storm.

cumulonimbus

cumulus

I would see these clouds on a sunny day.

cirrus

I would see these clouds on a fair day.

stratus

I would see these clouds when there is light rain or snow.

Cloud Type A
Cloud Type B
Cloud Type C
Cloud Type D
60.

Describe weather and climate.

Categorize the following

tells you what to wear each day

tells you the yearly trends of an area

Weather
Climate
61.

The diagram above shows the sequence of the process that turn solid rock into sandstone. Which two processes best complete this diagram? (5.7A)

a)

Melting and cooling

b)

Erosion and compaction

c)

Compaction and cementation

d)

Evaporation and dissolving

62.

Each school year for 30 years, the amount of rain that fell at a school was measured and recorded. Tracking rainfall over a long period provides the most information about which characteristic of an area? (5.8A)

a)

Climate

b)

Temperature of one day

c)

Weather

d)

Type of soil

63.

Which of these cycles is a direct result of Earth's rotation?

a)

Day and Night

b)

Moon Phases

c)

Rainfall and evaporation

d)

Seasons

64.

The picture shows rock layers next to a road. Layer 3 contains many plant fossils. Layer 3 most likely formed in which of these environments? (5.9D)

a)

Desert

b)

Forest

c)

Ocean

d)

Tundra

65.

Below is a model of the first five planets in the solar system.

What is the name of Planet D?

a)

Mercury

b)

Jupiter

c)

Mars

d)

Venus

66.

Label the following planets.

a)

Jupiter

b)

Saturn

c)

Uranus

d)

Neptune

e)

Mercury

f)

Venus

g)

Earth

h)

Mars

1
2
3
4
1)
2)
3)
4)
67.

Label the following planets.

a)

Mercury

b)

Venus

c)

Earth

d)

Mars

e)

Jupiter

f)

Neptune

g)

Uranus

h)

Saturn

1
2
3
4
1)
2)
3)
4)
68.

A model of a plate boundary is shown. What most likely happens as the plates slide past each other?

a)

A mountain forms.

b)

An earthquake occurs.

c)

The ocean floor widens.

d)

Magma comes to the surface.

69.

Match the following

a)

liquid volume

b)

mass

c)

wind speed

d)

length

1
2
3
4
1)
2)
3)
4)
70.

Match the following

a)

graduated cylinder

b)

balance

c)

anemometer

d)

ruler

1
2
3
4
1)
2)
3)
4)
71.

Match the description to the planet.

a)

Mercury

b)

Mars

c)

Uranus

d)

Saturn

1
2
3
4
1)
2)
3)
4)
72.

Organize these options into the right categories

Categorize the following

coal

petroleum

natural gas

most Americans used this type more

more expensive to harness, used less in USA

more harmful to the environment

less harmful to environment

renewable
non-renewable
73.

Match

a)

stratus

b)

cumulonimbus

c)

cirrus

d)

cumulus

1
2
3
4
1)
2)
3)
4)
74.

Match

a)

barometer

b)

Thermometer

c)

rain gauge

d)

anemometer

1
2
3
4
1)
2)
3)
4)
75.

Which would be labeled letter E?

a)

continental slope

b)

continental rise

c)

trench

d)

abyssal plain

e)

continental shelf

76.

Based on the research notes at left, what is the student studying?

a)

the Atlantic Ocean

b)

tsunamis

c)

tides

d)

the Gulf Stream

77.

What is being shown in red in the picture?

a)

The Marianas Trench

b)

The Gulf Stream

c)

East Australian Current

d)

Tsunami

78.

What ocean feature is #4?

a)

Trench

b)

Continental Rise

c)

Continental Shelf

d)

Continental Slope

79.
What kind of plate boundary is shown here?
a)
divergent
b)
convergent
c)
transform
d)
submergent
80.
What kind of plate boundary is shown here?
a)
divergent
b)
convergent
c)
transform
d)
subducting
81.
What kind of plate boundary is shown here?
a)
divergent
b)
convergent
c)
transform
d)
strike slip
82.
This rock was formed when molten rock cooled into a solid. What type of rock is it?
a)
Igneous Rock
b)
Metamorphic Rock
c)
Sedimentary Rock
83.

The process by which rocks are broken down

a)

Weathering

b)

Deposition

c)

Erosion

d)

Sedimentation

84.

The process in which wind, water, ice or gravity transport rock fragments from one location to another

a)

Weathering

b)

Sedimentation

c)

Erosion

d)

Deposition

85.

The process in which sediment settles out (drops to the bottom) of the water or wind that is carrying it

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Sedimentation

d)

Deposition

86.

Organize these options into the right categories

Categorize the following

A mudslide flowing down a steep hill

Waves dropping sand on the beach

Muddy water being carried away by a fast moving river

Layers of sediment forming at the bottom of the ocean

Rain washing away soil from a hillside

Water getting into cracks, freezing and breaking the rocks apart

Flood water pounding against a canyon wall and wearing it down

Wind blowing rocks together forming smaller rocks

Glaciers scraping rocks across the Earth’s surface

Glaciers that drop rock, sand, and other debris

breaking down

movement of sediments

dropping off sediment in a new place

weathering
erosion
deposition
87.

Match the rock using the dichotomous key.

a)

granite

b)

obsidian

c)

slate

d)

gneiss

e)

conglomerate

1
2
3
4
5
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
88.

Match the following

a)

the breaking down of rock and sediments

1.

weathering

b)

the movement of sediments by water and wind

2.

erosion

c)

the rock ends up in a new and permanent position

3.

deposition

89.

Organize these options into the right categories

Categorize the following

C

D

A

Trilobites

Early Horses

Armored Fish

Oldest Layer
Youngest Layers
Shows layer was once under water
90.

Match the following

a)

1.

caused Appalachian Mtns (& trenches)

b)

2.

cause mid ocean ridges in the ocean

c)

3.

cause most (but not all) earthquakes

91.

The number 1 on this diagram represents the-

a)

continental shelf

b)

ocean trench

c)

continental slope

d)

abyssal plain

92.

The Sunlit Zone has the---, while Ocean Trenches have the--

a)

most pressure, least light

b)

least pressure, most life present

c)

least pressure, most pressure

d)

least light, most pressure

93.

Which of the following would decrease as a diver travels deeper into the ocean? (Choose ALL)

a)

Salinity

b)

Temperature

c)

Pressure

d)

Light

94.

Which location(s) are likely to the the greatest water pressure, the coldest temperatures, and the smallest number of living organisms?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

95.
a)

transform

b)

convergent

c)

divergent

96.
a)

convergent

b)

transform

c)

divergent

97.
a)

transform

b)

convergent

c)

divergent

98.
a)

Earthquake

b)

Volcanic eruption

c)

Formation of a deep cave

99.
Name the boundary
a)
convergent boundary
b)
divergent boundary
c)
transform boundary
d)
sergent boundary
100.
Name the boundary
a)
convergent boundary
b)
divergent boundary
c)
transform boundary
d)
sergent boundary
101.
Name the boundary
a)
convergent boundary
b)
divergent boundary
c)
transform boundary
d)
sergent boundary
102.

Look at the diagram. High and low tides are primarily caused by the Moon's gravitational pull on the Earth, which creates bulges of water on both the side closest to and farthest from the Moon. The sun also contributes to tides, and its gravitational pull, when combined with the moon's, can create stronger tides, especially during new and full moon phases. Which positions of Earth are experiencing a high tide?

a)

positions A and C

b)

positions B and C

c)

positions A and D

d)

positions B and D

103.

Students were making a model to show size relationships between the Earth, the Moon and the Sun. They used a basketball to represent the Sun and a tennis ball to stand for the Earth.

What would best represent the Moon in their model?

a)

Soccer Ball

b)

Volleyball

c)

Baseball

d)

Ping Pong Ball

104.

The hottest layer.

a)

A. crust

b)

B. mantle

c)

C. outer core

d)

D. inner core

105.

Made of solid metal (iron and nickel).

a)

A. crust

b)

B. mantle

c)

C. outer core

d)

D. inner core

106.

The thinnest layer of Earth.

a)

A. crust

b)

B. mantle

c)

C. outer core

d)

D. inner core

107.
Question Image

Label Each Layer of Earth

a)

A

1.

crust

b)

B

2.

mantle

c)

C

3.

outer core

d)

D

4.

inner core

108.
Label B
a)
continental slope
b)
continental shelf
c)
abyssal plain
d)
sea mount
109.

The deeper you go in the ocean....

a)

Pressure increases and it gets colder and darker.

b)

pressure decreases and it gets colder and darker

c)

pressure increases and it gets warmer and brighter

d)

it gets wetter.

110.

Waves in the ocean are mostly caused by...

a)

Earthquakes

b)

Currents

c)

Tides

d)

Wind

111.

Which of these describes the continental shelf?

a)

It's dark, deep and cold.

b)

There is very little life on it.

c)

It is the submerged border of a continent.

d)

It is formed when two tectonic plates pull away from each other.

112.

Which of the following best describes the abyssal plane

a)

It is very flat and very deep.

b)

It is warm and shallow, and contains the most life.

c)

It is caused by underwater volcanoes.

d)

It has a very steep drop, like a ski slope.

113.
Which phrase best describes salinity? 
a)
Amount of water that is polluted
b)
Number of fish living in the water
c)
Amount of salt in water
d)
Number of molecules of water in an area
114.
As the depth of the ocean increases, the temperature _______.
a)
decreases
b)
increases
c)
stays the same
115.
As the depth of the ocean increases, the levels of sunlight _______.
a)
decrease
b)
increase
c)
stay the same
116.
The _____________ is the outer most layer of Earth.
a)
Crust
b)
Mantle
c)
Outer Core
d)
Inner Core
117.
The _____________ is found under the mantle.
a)
Crust
b)
Mantle
c)
Outer Core
d)
Inner Core
118.

When temperatures repeatedly go from hot to cold this can cause what type of geological process?

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

d)

all of the above

119.
Which rock layer contains the newest fossils?
a)
F
b)
E
c)
B
d)
C
120.
According to the law of superposition, which layer is the youngest?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
121.

What are the oldest fossils and why?

a)

B, C- because they are closest to the top

b)

A, B- because they are closest to the bottom

c)

They are all the same age- because they are all found on layer 2

d)

A, B- because they are found closest to the top

122.

If a scientist found a fish fossil in the desert, what can they infer?

a)

An animal ate the fish.

b)

The water covered the area long ago.

c)

Today's fish looks the same

d)

The fish is endangered.

123.
A metamorphic rock changes into an igneous rock by what two processes?
a)
Melting and cooling
b)
Extreme heat and pressure
c)
Compaction and cementation
d)
Weathering and erosion
124.
Which type of rock forms from extreme heat and pressure?
a)
Igneous
b)
Sedimentary
c)
Organic
d)
Metamorphic
125.
This rock was found near the mouth of a volcano. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
126.

What causes the seasons?

a)

Because the earth's path around the sun is elliptical it is closer to the sun at times and further away at times.

b)

The placement of the north and south poles.

c)

The rotation of the earth.

d)

The earth's tilt on it's axis as it revolves around the sun.

127.

Earth ​ ​ (a)   Venus ​ (b)   Mars ​ ​ (c)   Jupiter ​ (d)  

Choose from the below words
has water
about the same size as earth
the red planet
the largest planet
128.

Uranus ​ (a)   Mercury (b)  

Saturn ​ (c)   Neptune​ (d)  

Choose from the below words
has rings and spins on its side
closest to the Sun and is small
the sixth planet from the Sun
has a blue atmosphere made of gas
129.
Question Image

Match the following

a)

continental slope

1.

A

b)

seamount

2.

B

c)

abyssal plain

3.

C

d)

mid ocean ridges

4.

D

e)

volcanic island

5.

E

130.

Which of these is a natural resource of Virginia?

a)

power plant

b)

a glacier

c)

a river

d)

a dam

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