Font size
WorksheetsSOL LS. 10 DNA and Genetics Quiz 12-5-25
Total questions: 79
Worksheet time: 53mins
What is the structure of DNA?
A double helix with a specific sequence of nitrogenous bases.
A single strand with random sequences.
A triple helix with identical bases.
A circular strand with no specific sequence.
What are the four bases that form a code to make each protein?
A, T, C, G
A, U, C, G
A, T, C, U
A, G, C, U
What is the role of meiosis in reproduction?
To transfer traits to the next generation.
To create identical offspring.
To produce energy for cells.
To break down genetic material.
What is the significance of the sugar and phosphate molecules in DNA?
They form the sides of the DNA molecule.
They create the genetic code.
They store energy for the cell.
They break down proteins.
What is the purpose of using models in studying DNA?
To investigate the structure of DNA.
To create new DNA sequences.
To store genetic information.
To break down DNA.
What does a Punnett square predict?
The probability of genotypes and phenotypes among offspring
The exact traits of offspring
The lifespan of offspring
The environmental influences on traits
What do the basic laws of Mendelian genetics explain?
The transmission of most traits that can be inherited
The environmental impact on traits
The lifespan of organisms
The diet of organisms
What does phenotype refer to?
The physical expression of traits
The specific combination of genes
The environmental influences on traits
The lifespan of an organism
What is heredity?
The passing of physical traits from parents to offspring
The study of environmental influences on traits
The process of learning new skills
The development of new species
What type of plants did Gregor Mendel use for his experiments?
True-breeding or purebred pea plants
Hybrid corn plants
Wildflowers
Cacti
What does it mean when a plant is self-pollinating?
Pollen from a plant's flower lands on the same plant
Pollen is transferred by insects
Pollen is transferred by wind
Pollen is transferred by water
What did Mendel use to cross-pollinate plants with different traits?
Water
Soil
Pollen
Sunlight
What do genes control in an organism?
The color of the organism
The production of specific proteins
The size of the organism
The lifespan of the organism
What did Mendel's experiments show about the inheritance of traits?
Traits are inherited randomly
Traits are inherited in predictable patterns
Traits are not inherited
Traits are influenced by the environment
What did Mendel's experiments reveal about the dwarf trait?
It was always dominant
It was always recessive
It could be hidden by a dominant trait
It was not inherited
What did Mendel's experiments help establish about genetic factors?
They are always visible
They exist in pairs
They are not inherited
They are influenced by the environment
What did Mendel's experiments help scientists understand about the transmission of traits?
It is random
It is predictable
It is not important
It is influenced by the environment
What did Mendel's findings help scientists understand about the role of genes?
Genes are not important
Genes determine traits
Genes are random
Genes are influenced by the environment
How many chromosomes do human body cells contain?
14
23
46
92
What is an allele?
A type of chromosome
A different form of a gene
A section of DNA
A type of cell
What is the function of the DNA molecule?
To store energy
To provide structure
To store and pass on genetic information
To transport nutrients
What is the relationship between genes and alleles?
Alleles are a type of chromosome
Alleles are different forms of a gene
Alleles are a type of protein
Alleles are a type of cell
What is the main function of chromosomes?
To provide energy
To store genetic information
To transport nutrients
To create proteins
What did the DNA molecule's coded instructions do?
Provided energy
Stored and passed on genetic information
Created proteins
Transported nutrients
What did scientists use to photograph DNA molecules?
Microscopes
X-rays
Telescopes
Cameras
What process ensures variation between parent and offspring?
Mitosis
Cloning
Meiosis
Binary fission
What is an observable trait or characteristic of an organism called?
Genotype
Phenotype
Recessive trait
Environmental factor
What type of genes mask the expression of recessive genes?
Environmental genes
Phenotypic genes
Dominant genes
Noninherited genes
Which of the following is an example of a noninherited trait?
Eye color
Hair color
Playing a musical instrument
Height
What is an example of a phenotype in pea plants mentioned in the text?
Gene for regular height
Gene for dwarf height
Regular height of a pea plant
Gene for color
Luna was curious about how certain traits like eye color and hair type are passed down from her grandparents to her. What is this process of passing genetic instructions from one generation to the next called?
genotype
parent
heredity
offspring
Label the stages of Meiosis 1.
Telophase 1
Prophase 1
Anaphase 1
Metaphase 1
Label the steps of Meiosis 2.
Prophase 2
Metaphase 2
Telophase 2
Anaphase 2
Match the following genotypes with their descriptions.
Homozygous dominant
Genotype TT
Heterozygous
Genotype Tt
Homozygous recessive
Genotype tt
(a) combination of alleles for a particular gene, shows the alleles or genes present in a person’s DNA.
(b) shows the physical appearance of the traits or characteristics.
Match the following genotypes and allelles.
RR
Homozygous Dominant
Bb
Heterozygous
dd
Homozygous Recessive
G
Dominant Allele
g
Recessive Allele
The genetic make-up of an organism
Genotype
The physical traits of an organism
Phenotype
An alternate form of a gene
Allele
A full set of chromosomes found in somatic cells
Diploid
A single set of chromosomes found only in gametes
Haploid
Match the following terms or concepts with the correct definition or description.
A chart the shows the possible alleles combinations from a Genetic Cross
Punnett Square
An organism that has 2 of the SAME alleles for a gene
Homozygous
The Scientific Study of Heredity
Genetics
An organism that has 1 dominant and 1 recessive allele for a gene
Heterozygous
Threadlike structures that contain DNA found in the Nucleus of the Cell
Chromosomes
Bundled up, organized DNA is called a
gene
trait
chromosome
nucleotide
A type of nucleic acid that carries the code for making proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is called:
DNA
proteins
RNA
genes
What are the four nitrogen bases?
uracil (U), cytosine (C), thymine (T), guanine (G)
adenine (A), uracil (U), thymine (T), guanine (G)
adenine (A), cytosine (C), uracil (U), guanine (G)
adenine (A), cytosine (C), thymine (T), guanine (G)
A molecule made of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group is called:
proteins
DNA
nucleotides
RNA
What do scientists call the twisted zipper shape of DNA?
double helix
sphere
helix
double sphere
What two things are chromosomes made of?
RNA
proteins
carbohydrates
DNA
A change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene is called:
replication
translation
mutation
transcription
Mutations can be triggered by what four things?
X-rays
ultraviolet light
radioactive materials
some kinds of chemicals
What are the three types of DNA mutations?
addition
insertion
deletion
substitution
Which of the following are genetic disorders that can result from mutations in human DNA?
cystic fibrosis
flu
phenylketonuria
breast cancer
A doubled rod of condensed chromatin that contains DNA that carries genetic information:
Sister chromatids
Centromere
DNA
Chromosome
How much DNA is given to the children from each parent?
10%
25%
50%
75%
What is the X structure shown at label "A"?
Chromosome
Sister Chromatids
Centromere
DNA
What identical halves of DNA is shown at label "C"?
Chromosome
Sister Chromatids
Centromere
DNA
What is the middle attachment shown at label "B"?
Chromosome
Sister Chromatids
Centromere
DNA
The process of DNA being copied before a cell can divide is called:
Replication
Cell Cycle
Mitosis
Chemotherapy
Cytokinesis
What is the genetic information inside a cell that passes from parents to offspring?
Carbohydrates
DNA
Protein
Lipids (Fats)
What is the shape of DNA called?
Triple Helix
Single Stranded
Double Helix
Double jointed
In DNA, what base pairs with Adenine (A) on the other strand?
Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Adenine (A)
In DNA, what base pairs with guanine (G) on the other strand?
Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Adenine (A)
Given the DNA strand:
TTA CGG
What would be the matching or complementary strand on the other side?
TTA CGG
AAT GCC
TTA GCC
AAT CCC
Which sex has the chromosomes XY?
Female
Male
Cannot be determined.
What sex has the chromosomes XX?
Female
Male
Cannot be determined.
Using this karyotype (picture of chromosomes) what would be the sex of the person that it belongs too?
Female because it's XX chromosomes.
Female because it's XY chromosomes.
Male because its XX chromosomes.
Male because its XY chromosomes.
How many PAIRS of chromosomes are in a normal human body cell?
10 pairs
20 pairs
23 pairs
46 pairs
How many total chromosomes are in a normal human body cell?
10 total
23 total
46 total
50 total
Which parent determines the sex of a human baby?
Male (Father's sperm)
Female (Mother's Egg)
None of these.
How much DNA is given to the children from each parent?
10%
25%
50%
75%
Center part of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together:
Chromosome
Centromere
Chromatid
Replication
What part of the cell contains DNA and is the control center?
Golgi Bodies
ER
Nucleus
Lysosome
Ribosomes
Where can DNA be found on your body?
(Think of crime scene evidence left behind)
Blood
Hair, Teeth
or fingernails
Saliva, Mucus or Sweat
Semen, Urine or Feces
Center part of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together:
Chromosome
Centromere
Chromatid
Replication
Where can DNA be found on your body?
(Think of crime scene evidence left behind)
Blood
Hair, Teeth
or fingernails
Saliva, Mucus or Sweat
Semen, Urine or Feces
What is the study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring?
biology
botany
molecular biology
genetics
In the Punnett square, what is the probability for white fur?
Which of the following is correctly matches: ATT GTA CGA
TAA CAT GCT
ATT GTA CGA
TAA GTA TCG
GCC ACG TAC
Objective #13
This is a pedigree that follows blue eyes which is a recessive trait. What is the genotype of the father (square) in generation 1?
Aa
AA
aa
A?
