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Worksheets

1st Year Science Revision

Total questions: 170

Worksheet time: 14hrs 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Why can people on one side of a room smell the scent of an air freshener sprayed on the opposite side of the room?

a)

The molecules of air freshener have thermally expanded

b)

The air pressure where the freshener was sprayed is greater than in the rest of the room

c)

The molecules of air freshener spread out until they are evenly distributed throughout the room

d)

The molecules of air freshener are amorphous

2.

When a gas becomes a liquid it is called

a)

condensation

b)

evaporation

c)

sublimation

d)

freezing

3.

When the temperature of a substance is lowered, its particles

a)

vibrate more quickly

b)

stop vibrating completely

c)

escape the attractive forces of the other particles

d)

vibrate more slowly

4.

Anything that has mass and volume

a)

volume

b)

liquid

c)

matter

d)

texture

5.

The state of matter that has particles that slide by each other

a)

volume

b)

liquid

c)

matter

d)

texture

6.

To squeeze gas into a smaller place

a)

gas

b)

temperature

c)

density

d)

compress

7.

The state of matter that expands to fill its container

a)

gas

b)

temperature

c)

density

d)

compress

8.

The name for the process when a liquid becomes a gas

a)

melting

b)

evaporating

c)

freezing

d)

condensing

9.

The name for the process when a liquid becomes a solid

a)

melting

b)

evaporating

c)

freezing

d)

condensing

10.

The name for the process when a solid becomes a liquid

a)

melting

b)

evaporating

c)

condensing

d)

freezing

11.

This is a diagram of a

a)

solid

b)

liquid

c)

gas

12.

This is a diagram of a ________. The particles are sliding by each other.

a)

solid

b)

liquid

c)

gas

13.

This is a diagram of a

a)

solid

b)

liquid

c)

gas

14.

Identify the process shown in the picture

a)

Evaporation

b)

Freezing

c)

Melting

d)

Condensation

15.

Identify the process shown in the picture.

a)

Evaporation

b)

Melting

c)

Freezing

d)

Condensation

16.

In the process of evaporation__________________

a)

solid changes into liquid

b)

liquid changes into solid

c)

liquid changes into gas

d)

gas changes into liquid

17.

State of matter can be changed by _________________

a)

cooling

b)

heating

c)

pressing

d)

both heating and cooling

18.

Wood, paper, table are examples of ___________

a)

soild

b)

liquid

c)

gas

d)

None of these

19.

Air is a mixture of many ____________

a)

liquids

b)

soilds

c)

gases

d)

all of these

20.
A substance that contains only one type of atom is a(n)
a)
compound
b)
element
c)
heterogeneous mixture
d)
homogeneous mixture
21.
If an unknown substance CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances, it is 
a)
a compound
b)
an element
c)
a homogeneous mixture
d)
a heterogeneous mixture
22.

1 A substance made up of two or more chemically combined elements is —

a)

an element

b)

mixture

c)

compound

d)

solution

23.

Table salt, or sodium chloride has the chemical formula NaCl. How is sodium chloride classified?

a)

as an element

b)

. as a compound

c)

as a mixture

d)

as a liquid

24.

Brass is a metal that is bright red and gold. It is formed by combining, not chemically, two elements, zinc and copper. Based on the information, how would brass be classified?

a)

an element

b)

compound

c)

mixture

d)

suspension

25.
Classify the picture with the correct label.
a)
Element
b)
Compound
c)
Mixture of Elements
d)
Mixture of Compounds
26.

This picture represents which of the following?

a)

A single element

b)

Mixture of molecules

c)

mixture of atoms

d)

mixture of compounds

27.

What does this illustrate

a)

Elements

b)

Compunds

c)

Mixture of Elements and Compunds

d)

Mixture of Compounds

28.
Which of the following is an element?
a)
Sugar
b)
Salt
c)
Water
d)
Oxygen
29.
This diagram represents a _____.
a)
pure substance that is a compound
b)
mixture of elements
c)
pure substance that is an element
d)
mixture of compounds
30.

Hydrogen

a)

Hy

b)

H

c)

Hr

d)

Hn

31.

Iron

a)

Ir

b)

In

c)

Fe

d)

FE

32.

Potassium

a)

P

b)

K

c)

Pt

d)

k

33.

What is the picture displayed?

a)

atom

b)

element

c)

compound

34.

Which of the following cannot be broken down into something simpler?

a)

A compound

b)

An element

c)

A mixture

35.
Atoms combine to form _______. 
a)
electrons
b)
molecules
c)
nuclei
d)
neutrons
36.
Niagara Falls is a good example of
a)
Kinetic energy being transformed into potential energy
b)
Potential energy being transformed into kinetic energy
c)
Energy being created
d)
Energy being destroyed
37.
 The law of conservation of energy states that when one form of energy is converted into another,
a)
Energy is destroyed in the process
b)
Energy is created in the process
c)
No energy is destroyed in the process
d)
Energy is lost in the process
38.
Which energy-conversion process occurs whenever coal is burned at a power station?
a)
chemical to nuclear
b)
chemical to sound
c)
chemical to electrical
d)
mechanical to electrical
39.
When energy moves from one form to another it is said to be _________________
a)
Transformed
b)
Eliminated
c)
Lost.
d)
Created 
40.
The energy associated with motion is called
a)
Kinetic energy
b)
Elastic potential energy
c)
Gravitational potential energy
d)
Nuclear energy
41.
Which of the following has kinetic energy?
a)
a rock poised for a fall
b)
an archer's bow that is drawn back
c)
a rolling bowling ball
d)

a stretched hair tie

42.

When gasoline is burned in a car engine, ________ energy is converted into _________ energy.

a)

thermal, chemical

b)

chemical, potential

c)

mechanical, chemical

d)

chemical, mechanical

43.

A drawn bow possesses mechanical energy in the form of _______________. After the arrow is released, the energy is transformed into _________________.

a)

gravitational energy; elastic energy

b)

elastic energy; kinetic energy

c)

gravitational energy; kinetic energy

44.

What happens to the energy when you kick a soccer ball?

a)

energy is created

b)

energy is destroyed

c)

energy is transferred to the ball

d)

energy is transferred to your foot

45.
What is energy conversion?
a)
one type of energy changing to another type of energy
b)
energy in one object going into another object
c)
energy units changing
d)
energy units staying the same
46.

If I drop a book on the floor, how is sound produced?

a)

motion energy transfers to sound energy

b)

electrical energy transfers to sound energy

c)

sound energy transfers to motion energy

d)

light energy transfers to sound energy

47.

True or False. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, rather it is transformed from one energy type to another.

a)

True

b)

False

48.

Identify the energy transfer

a)

chemical to kinetic

b)

solar to electrical

c)

thermal to light

d)

electrical to light

49.

Fire is an example of what two energies?

a)

Electrical and Sound

b)

Mechanical and Sound

c)

Light and Thermal

d)

Chemical and Elastical

50.
What units are used to measure energy?
a)
Watts
b)
Newtons
c)
Joules
d)
kilowatts
51.

What is this diagram called?

a)

Stankey Diagram

b)

Sankey Diagram

c)

Sankay Diagram

d)

Samkay Diagram

52.
Where does most of the energy go in this transformation.
a)
Electrical energy
b)
Light
c)
Heat
d)
other
53.
Where does most of the energy go for this transformation.
a)
heat
b)
electrical
c)
light
d)
joules
54.
What type of device might this Sankey be about?
a)
A very efficient LED light bulb
b)
A very inefficient incandescent light bulb
c)
A coal power plant
d)
A wind turbine
55.

Which bulb is the most efficient?

a)

Filament bulb

b)

LED light

c)

CFL lamp

56.
Efficiency is...
a)
The percentage of energy that is actually used to do work
b)
The stuff in the walls that keeps energy in
57.

A washing machine uses 250J of electrical energy to produce 125J of useful energy. How efficient is it?

a)

5%

b)

50%

c)

55%

d)

100%

58.

An iPhone charger coverts 75J of electricty in to 50J of charge and 25J of thermal energy. How efficient is the charger?

a)

10%

b)

100%

c)

33%

d)

67%

59.

Total energy = 350J
Useful energy = 70J

Workout the efficiency of this iphoneX.
efficiency = useful energytotal energy in ×100%efficiency\ =\ \frac{useful\ energy}{total\ energy\ in}\ \times100\%  

a)

100%

b)

80%

c)

40%

d)

20%

60.

Total energy = 34000J
Useful energy = 340J

Workout the efficiency of this vintage VW Beetle.
efficiency = useful energytotal energy in ×100%efficiency\ =\ \frac{useful\ energy}{total\ energy\ in}\ \times100\%  

a)

100%

b)

10%

c)

40%

d)

20%

61.

This car needs 8600J of energy to power it. If 5000J is changed into useful energy, how much energy is wasted?

a)

13600J

b)

3600J

c)

5000J

d)

8600J

62.

A car transfers 100 J of chemical energy in order to gain 50 J of kinetic energy. The efficiency of the car is

a)

20%

b)

0.5%

c)

50%

d)

200%

63.
Which of these is a property of metals?
a)
It's malleable
b)
It can't conduct electricity
c)
They are used in food
d)
It's very brittle
64.

Is being brittle a property for:

a)

Metals

b)

Non Metals

65.

Good conductor of heat

a)

Metal

b)

Non Metal

66.
All of the following would classify an element as a metal except?
a)
Dull
b)
Luster
c)
Malleable
d)
Hard
67.

Iron is a good conductor, malleable and magnetic. What type of element is Iron?

a)

Metal

b)

Non Metal

c)

Metalloid

d)

Pretty

68.
Which of the following is a property of a non-metal?
a)
Conducts electricity and heats well
b)
Can be hammered into thin sheets
c)
Is brittle and breaks easily
d)
Has a shiny, metallic luster
69.

Elizabeth was examining elements and their physical properties. She described an element in her science journal as having no shine, an insulator and very brittle. Would this element be a metal, non metal, or metalloid?

a)

metal

b)

non metal

c)

metalloid

70.

John was observing the physical properties of elements in order to classify them as either a metal, non metal or metalloid. The first element was dull, brittle and did not conduct heat. What would its classification be?

a)

metal

b)

non metal

c)

metalloid

71.
If a material can easily be drawn into the shape of a wire, it is
a)
Ductile
b)
Magnetic
c)
Malleable
d)
Reactive
72.
If a substance is magnetic it is most likely a 
a)
metal 
b)
non-metal
73.

What does malleable mean?

a)

Can be made into a shape

b)

Brittle

c)

Ductile

d)

Shiny

74.
At room temperature metals are ____________.
a)
plasma
b)
gases
c)
liquid
d)
solid
75.

What two things cause iron to rust?

a)

Air and Oxygen

b)

Water and Carbon Dioxide

c)

Oxygen and Water

d)

Carbon Dioxide and Air

76.

Name the metal which is in liquid state.

a)

Iron

b)

Mercury

c)

Zinc

d)

Aluminium

77.
What does malleable mean?
a)
able to bend
b)
will break easily
c)
can be used for wire
d)
is shiny
78.
Where are the non-metallic elements found in the periodic table?
a)
In the middle
b)
In the top rows
c)
On the left-hand side
d)
On the right-hand side
79.
Which of the following is a property of a non-metal?
a)
Conducts electricity and heats well
b)
Can be hammered into thin sheets
c)
Is brittle and breaks easily
d)
Has a shiny, metallic luster
80.
The list which contains only metals is .......
a)
aluminium, copper, nitrogen
b)
iron, oxygen, hydrogen
c)
iron, silver, aluminium
d)
iron, sulphur, copper
81.
Which planet in our solar system is closest to the Sun?
a)
Earth
b)
Jupiter
c)
Mercury
d)
Saturn
82.

Which of the following is an accurate model of how the Sun, Earth, and Moon move?

a)

Sun and moon orbit Earth

b)

Earth and moon orbit Sun

c)

Earth orbits the Sun and the moon orbits Earth

d)

Earth and sun orbit moon

83.
What planet is eighth in the Solar System?
a)
Uranus
b)
Jupiter
c)
Neptune
d)
Mars
84.
Earth and the other planets closest to the Sun are made mostly of _______
a)
gas
b)
metal
c)
water
d)
rock
85.
Which is the largest object in our solar system?
a)
Sun
b)
Jupiter
c)
Earth
d)
Pluto
86.
A ball of ice and dust with a tail of gas and dust pointing away from the sun.
a)
Asteroid
b)
Comet
c)
Moon
d)
Meteor
87.
Which is the second closest planet to the sun?
a)
Earth
b)
Saturn
c)
Venus
d)
Mercury
88.
Which planet is third from the sun?
a)
Mars
b)
Pluto
c)
Venus
d)
Earth
89.

Which planet is NOT one of the

"Gas Giants"?

a)

Uranus

b)

Venus

c)

Neptune

d)

Saturn

90.

What is the largest planet in

our solar system?

a)

Neptune

b)

Jupiter

c)

Uranus

d)

Mars

91.
Select the order from smallest to largest.
a)
Sun, Milky Way, solar system, universe
b)
Sun, Milky Way, universe, solar system
c)
Sun, solar system, Milky Way, universe
d)
Sun, solar system, universe, Milky Way
92.

This table shows the rotation period and revolution period for 6 planets, and Earth’s moon, all relative to Earth’s periods. Which 2 planets have shorter days than Earth?

a)

Jupiter and Saturn

b)

Venus and Mercury

c)

Mars and Jupiter

d)

Saturn and Moon

93.

a small rocky body orbiting the sun, ranging from the size of a small house to dust particles

a)

nebula

b)

terrestrial planets

c)

collision

d)

asteroids

94.

the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System.

a)

Aristarchus

b)

accretion

c)

nebula

d)

heliocentric system

95.

What is the name of this planet?

a)

EARTH

b)

MERCURY

c)

MARS

d)

VENUS

96.

This planet has rings.

a)

SATURN

b)

MERCURY

c)

MARS

d)

VENUS

97.

The biggest planet is...

a)

JUPITER

b)

EARTH

c)

MARS

d)

VENUS

98.

This planet is also called "The Red Planet"

a)

JUPITER

b)

EARTH

c)

MARS

d)

VENUS

99.
The moon is a natural  ______ of Earth.
a)
comet
b)
axis
c)
satellite
d)
space probe
100.
The __________ has planets, moons, comets, and asteroids.
a)
solar system
b)
earth
c)
rotation
d)
United States
101.
One of the main differences between the outer and inner planets is __________.
a)
The inner planets all have water
b)
the inner planets are much bigger than the outer planets
c)
the outer planets are gas planets
d)
the outer planets have rings, and the inner planets don't
102.
Where is the asteroid belt found?
a)
between earth and mars
b)
Between Uranus and Neptune
c)
Between Mercury and Venus
d)
Between Mars and Jupiter
103.
Put the planets in order from the sun.
a)
Mercury, Venus, Mars Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto
b)
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Sarturn, Neptune, Uranus, Pluto
c)
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Sarturn,  Uranus, Neptune,Pluto
d)
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Sarturn, Jupiter, Neptune, Uranus, Pluto
104.

Which planet is the smallest?

a)

Jupiter

b)

Neptune

c)

Mercury

d)

Pluto

105.

Which planet is the largest?

a)

Jupiter

b)

Saturn

c)

Neptune

d)

Pluto

106.

Which planet is farthest from the sun?

a)

Pluto

b)

Saturn

c)

Uranus

d)

Neptune

107.

This is the only planet with liquid water on it (so far as we know)

a)

Mercury

b)

Earth

c)

Mars

d)

Pluto

108.

How many moons does Earth have?

a)

1

b)

0

c)

2

d)

23

109.

What are the two types of Digestion?

a)

Chemical digestion & Mechanical digestion

b)

Mechanical digestion & Muscular Digestion

c)

Chemical digestion & Muscular digestion

d)

Dermal digestion & Muscular digestion

110.

Which part of the Digestive system push the food towards the stomach?

a)

Oesophagus

b)

Pharynx

c)

Small Intestine

d)

Mouth Cavity

111.

Which organ absorbs water and in the last stage of the digestive process?

a)

Liver

b)

Small intestine

c)

Pancreas

d)

Large intestine

112.

 Bile is a chemical that helps break down

a)

Proteins

b)

Carbohydrates

c)

Glucose

d)

Fats

113.

What acid does the stomach produce?

a)

Nitric acid

b)

Phosphoric acid

c)

Acetic acid

d)

Hydrochloric acid

e)

None

114.

moves food from the mouth to the stomach

a)

esophagus

b)

small intestine

c)

large intestine

d)

pancreas

115.

absorbs water

a)

small intestine

b)

stomach

c)

villi

d)

large intestine

116.

absorbs nutrients

a)

stomach

b)

small intestine

c)

large intestine

d)

liver

117.

produces enzymes that break down food

a)

liver

b)

pancreas

c)

gall bladder

d)

stomach

118.

waves of muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

a)

digestion

b)

absorption

c)

peristalsis

d)

villi

119.

Which organ produces bile that breaks down food?

a)

pancreas

b)

liver

c)

gall bladder

d)

stomach

120.

Which organ stores bile?

a)

gall bladder

b)

villi

c)

pancreas

d)

liver

121.

Amylase in saliva changes starch into...

a)

sugar

b)

waste

c)

stomach acid

d)

chyme

122.

Which organ of the digestive system physically breaks down food by the squeezing and churning of muscular contractions?

a)

mouth

b)

stomach

c)

esophagus

d)

small intestine

123.

Digestion begins here, where food is broken into smaller pieces before entering the esophagus.

a)

large intestine

b)

stomach

c)

small intestine

d)

mouth

124.

The breakdown of starch (carbohydrates) begins in the...

a)

small intestine

b)

stomach

c)

large intestine

d)

mouth

125.

Amylase is an enzyme found in the ___________ and begins breaking down which food molecule?

a)

mouth; fats

b)

stomach; fats

c)

stomach; carbohydrates

d)

mouth; carbohydrates

126.

The ​ (a)   is where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream.

Choose from the below words
small intestine
large intestine
stomach
oesophagus
127.

Where does digestion begin?

a)

Our teeth

b)

Our stomach

c)

The esophogus

d)

Small intestines

128.

Chewing is an example of what type of digestion?

a)

Dental

b)

Fragmentary

c)

Chemical

d)

Mechanical

129.

If you wanted to find the glands that produce salivary amylase, where would you look?

a)

In your mouth

b)

In your throat

c)

In your intestines

d)

In your stomach

130.

Place the following events in sequence: A) Food enters your large intestines

B) Food enters your small intestines

C) Food enters your esophagus

a)

A, B, C

b)

C, B, A

c)

C, A, B

d)

B, A, C

131.

Define the term ingestion

a)

The movement of nutrients from the digestive system into the blood

b)

The removal of undigested food from the body

c)

The breaking down of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules

d)

The taking in of nutrients.

132.

Define the term digestion

a)

The movement of nutrients from the digestive system into the blood

b)

The removal of undigested food from the body

c)

The breaking down of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules

d)

The taking in of nutrients.

133.

Define the term egestion

a)

The movement of nutrients from the digestive system into the blood

b)

The removal of undigested food from the body

c)

The breaking down of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules

d)

The taking in of nutrients.

134.

Which term describes the movement of food down the oesophagus by a wave of muscular contraction

a)

Diffusion

b)

Peristalsis

c)

Chyme

d)

Bolus

135.

What is absorbed into the blood from the large intestine?

a)

Digested nutrients

b)

Fibre

c)

Water

d)

Chyme

136.

What does the liver produce for the digestive system?

a)

Enzymes

b)

Bile

c)

Bolus

d)

Chyme

137.
Two or more substances mingled together, but not chemically combined are known as a
a)
residue
b)
solution
c)
distillate
d)
mixture
138.

Name the separation technique shown in the diagram.

a)

evaporation

b)

distillation

c)

filtration

139.
To separate a mixture of soil and water what separation method is used?
a)
Filtration
b)
Distillation
c)
Chromatography
d)
Evaporation
140.
To separate a mixture of salt and water what separation method is used?
a)
Filtration
b)
Distillation
c)
Chromatography
d)
Evaporation
141.

Which method is usually used to separate coloured substances from each other?

a)

Simple distillation

b)

Evaporation

c)

Chromatography

142.

If you wanted to make pure drinking water from sea water, what process would you use?

a)

Filtration

b)

Distillation

c)

Evaporation

143.

Which method is this a picture of?

a)

Filtration

b)

Evaporation

c)

Distillation

d)

Chromatography

144.

Which method is this a picture of?

a)

Filtration

b)

Evaporation

c)

Distillation

d)

Chromatography

145.

Ethanol and water have different boiling point. What would be the suitable separation technique for a mixture of both substances?

a)

Distillation

b)

Chromatography paper

c)

Sieving

146.
The _____is the part that gets dissolved. 
a)
solute 
b)
solvent 
c)
solution 
d)
Sacajawea 
147.
This is the part of the solution that does the dissolving. 
a)
solute
b)
solvent 
c)
salt water 
d)
First Continental Congress 
148.
A substance that contains only one type of atom is a(n)
a)
compound
b)
element
c)
heterogeneous mixture
d)
homogeneous mixture
149.

Milk is...

a)

an element

b)

a compound

c)

a mixture

150.

Elements

a)

are made of two or more types of atoms bonded together

b)

are made of one type of atom

c)

are made of two or more types of molecules

d)

are always individual atoms

151.

Which of the following are examples of ELEMENTS? Choose all that are correct.

a)

Oxygen (O)

b)

Water

(H2O)

c)

Flourine

(F)

d)

Lemonade

e)

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

152.

Compounds

a)

are made of two or more types of atoms chemically bonded together

b)

are made of one type of atom

c)

are found on the periodic table

d)

can be separated into their individual parts through physical means

153.

Which of the following are examples of compounds? Check all that apply.

a)

Salt

(NaCl)

b)

Salt Water

(NaCl and H2O)

c)

Sugar

(C6H12O6)

d)

Carbon Dioxide

(CO2)

154.

The bonds of compounds can be broken easily because they are not chemically bonded.

a)

True

b)

False

155.

When substances combine chemically...

a)

they form a mixture and their properties change

b)

they form a compound and their properties change

c)

they form a mixture where their properties stay the same

d)

the form a compound where their properties stay the same

156.

Which of the following are examples of Mixtures?

a)

The atmosphere

(N + O + Ar + H2O...)

b)

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

c)

Oxygen

(O2)

d)

Lemonade

(sugar, lemon juice, water)

e)

Anything on the Periodic Table

157.

Mixtures

a)

are made of two different types of atoms chemically bonded together

b)

Are only liquids

c)

Cannot be separated

d)

Can be separated using physical properties

158.

Which of the following are examples of a Pure Substance?

a)

Water

(H2O)

b)

Helium

(He)

c)

Orange Juice

(oranges, water)

d)

Uranium

(Ur)

e)

Sugar

(C6H12O6)

159.

______ do not retain their original properties

a)

Mixtures

b)

Compounds

c)

Both A & B

d)

None of these

160.

Aurum is the Latin name for .......

a)

Silver

b)

Gold

c)

Bronze

d)

None of these

161.

Where are all elements found?

a)

the water table

b)

the periodic table

c)

the element chart

d)

earth's crust and oceans

162.

Why are elements considered pure substances?

a)

because they cannot be broken down any further

b)

because they don't contain pollution

c)

because they combine to produce chemicals

d)

because they never mix with other elements

163.

What is the element symbol for Arsenic?

a)

Ar

b)

Ae

c)

An

d)

As

164.

A compound is composed of two or more elements chemically combined together.

a)

True

b)

False

165.

Which of the following is an example of a compound?

a)

Al

b)

Co

c)

NH3NH_3  

d)

Mg

166.

Which of the following is an example of an compound?

a)

NaCl

b)

Fr

c)

Zn

d)

I

167.

Select all of the elements present in this compound of Carbon Dioxide CO2CO_2  . Select all that apply.

a)

Cobalt

b)

Carbon

c)

Oxygen

d)

Calcium

168.

Select all the elements present in this compound of baking soda NaHCO3NaHCO_3  . Select all that apply.

a)

Sodium

b)

Cobalt

c)

Carbon

d)

Oxygen

e)

Hydrogen

169.

Which is the correct symbol for the element Bismuth?

a)

bi

b)

Bi

c)

bI

d)

BI

170.

Which is the correct symbol for the element Iron?

a)

Fe

b)

fe

c)

Ir

d)

In