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LVI Normative Ethics

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Bentham's two sovereign masters are ...

a)
wealth and poverty
b)
happiness and sadness
c)
freedom and oppression
d)
pleasure and pain
2.

Psychological hedonism means ...

a)
the belief that pleasure is the only intrinsic good.
b)
the idea that pain is more motivating than pleasure.
c)
the theory that humans are primarily driven by social approval.
d)
the theory that humans are motivated by the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain.
3.

Ethical hedonism means ...

a)
the belief that pleasure is irrelevant to ethics
b)
the rejection of pleasure in ethical decision-making
c)
the pursuit of knowledge as the highest good in ethical decision-making
d)
the pursuit of pleasure as the highest good in ethical decision-making
4.

The principle of utility states ...

a)
The principle of utility states that actions are right if they are legal.
b)
The principle of utility states that actions are judged solely by their intentions.
c)
The principle of utility states that actions are right if they promote happiness and wrong if they produce the opposite.
d)
The principle of utility states that happiness is irrelevant to moral actions.
5.

Bentham advances which form of utilitarianism ...

a)
rule utilitarianism
b)
preference utilitarianism
c)
hedonistic utilitarianism
d)
act utilitarianism
6.

What is the main focus of act utilitarianism?

a)

The intentions behind actions

b)

The adherence to moral rules

c)

The pursuit of virtue

d)

The consequences of individual actions

7.

What does Bentham's felicific calculus aim to measure?

a)

The adherence to social norms

b)

The legality of actions

c)

The moral intentions behind actions

d)

The amount of pleasure and pain produced by actions

8.

Which of the following best describes rule utilitarianism?

a)

The theory that pleasure is the only intrinsic good

b)

The idea that rules should be followed if they lead to the greatest good

c)

The belief that individual actions should be judged by their outcomes

d)

The notion that happiness is irrelevant to ethical decision-making

9.

Agent-neutral means ...

a)
a viewpoint that supports a specific agent
b)

a stance that promotes some agents equally

c)

a perspective that does not favour any particular agent or entity

d)
a belief that prioritizes one entity over others
10.

John Stuart Mill advances which form of utilitarianism ...

a)

Weak rule utilitarianism

b)

Strong rule utilitarianism

c)
Act utilitarianism
d)
Negative utilitarianism
11.

Higher pleasures are ...

a)
pleasures that are purely physical
b)
pleasures that are easily attainable
c)
pleasures that involve no thought or reflection
d)
pleasures that engage the intellect and moral faculties
12.

Lower pleasures are ...

a)
basic physical pleasures
b)
spiritual experiences
c)
emotional connections
d)
intellectual pursuits
13.

Who helps us to decide whether something is a higher or lower pleasure?

a)

Teachers

b)

Competent judges

c)

Legal judges

d)

Jeremy Bentham

14.

Mill's weak rules are derived from ...

a)

God

b)

Deep rational thought

c)

Common sense

d)

Mathematical reasoning

15.

Kantian Ethics is a form of which ethical system ...

a)
deontological ethics
b)
utilitarian ethics
c)
virtue ethics
d)
social contract theory
16.

Deontology means ...

a)
Deontology is an approach that disregards moral rules and duties.
b)
Deontology focuses solely on the consequences of actions.
c)
Deontology is a theory that prioritizes outcomes over actions.
d)
Deontology means an ethical theory that focuses on rules and duties.
17.

A priori means ...

a)
knowledge that is independent of experience
b)
knowledge that is only theoretical
c)
knowledge that is derived from observation
d)
knowledge that is based on personal experience
18.

A posteriori means ...

a)
knowledge based on intuition
b)
knowledge derived from experience
c)
knowledge that is universally accepted
d)
knowledge gained through theoretical reasoning
19.

Kant's good will is ...

a)
the ability to act selfishly without regard for others.
b)
the pursuit of happiness above all else.
c)

the inclination to follow societal norms.

d)

the only intrinsic good.

20.

For Kant, following your duty means ...

a)
pursuing happiness above all else
b)
obeying societal norms
c)
acting according to moral laws derived from reason
d)
following personal desires
21.

For Kant, categorical imperatives are ...

a)
suggestions that vary by individual circumstances
b)
moral commands that apply universally and unconditionally
c)
commands that are only applicable in specific situations
d)
guidelines that depend on personal preferences
22.

Kant's categorical imperatives are contrasted with ...

a)
moral imperatives
b)
hypothetical imperatives
c)

universal imperatives

d)
pragmatic imperatives
23.

Kant's first categorical imperative says ...

a)
Act according to your personal desires without consideration for others.
b)
Always follow the laws of your country without question.
c)
Act only according to that maxim whereby you can, at the same time, will that it should become a universal law.
d)
Make decisions based solely on emotions and feelings.
24.

Kant's second categorical imperative says ...

a)

Treat people as mere ends to a mean

b)

Treat people as mere means

c)

Treat people as ends and means

d)

Treat people as ends in themselves.

25.

Kant's third categorical imperative refers to the kingdom of ...

a)
values
b)
means
c)
purposes
d)
ends
26.

Kant's kingdom of ends is ...

a)
a philosophical concept that denies moral obligations.
b)
a system where individuals are means to an end.
c)

a framework that views some of its members as rational

d)
a moral framework where individuals are treated as ends in themselves.
27.

Kant's summum bonum is ...

a)

a state of divine happiness

b)
the highest good combining virtue and happiness
c)
the ultimate moral law
d)
the pursuit of knowledge and wisdom
28.

Kant's three necessary postulates are ...

a)
God, immortality of the soul, freedom of the will
b)
Reincarnation, fate, determinism
c)
Materialism, nihilism, empiricism
d)
Happiness, knowledge, virtue
29.

Aristotle's theory of virtue ethics is agent-centred, meaning ...

a)

prioritizes the moral character of the individual.

b)
It disregards the importance of personal character.
c)
It focuses solely on the consequences of actions.
d)
It emphasizes following strict rules and laws.
30.

Aristotle's concept of a telos means ...

a)
the ultimate purpose or goal of an object or being
b)
the historical context of an idea
c)
the physical structure of a being
d)
the inherent quality of an object
31.

For Aristotle, the ultimate end for humans is called ...

a)

wisdom

b)
telos
c)
phronesis
d)
eudaimonia
32.

eudaimonia means ...

a)

flourishing

b)
happiness or joy
c)
success or achievement
d)
contentment or satisfaction
33.

For Aristotle, virtues are acquired through ...

a)

eudaimonia

b)
natural talent
c)

God

d)
habituation
34.

Aristotle's concept of the golden mean is ...

a)
a guideline for reckless actions
b)
a principle of moderation between extremes
c)
a theory of absolute virtue
d)
a method of extreme behavior
35.

For Aristotle, the polis is ...

a)
a type of government system
b)
a philosophical concept of happiness
c)
the highest form of community for achieving a good life
d)
a geographical region in ancient Greece
36.

Aristotle cares about flourishing for ...

a)

society

b)

individuals

c)

philosophers

d)

Christians

37.

Thomas Aquinas was influenced by which Greek philosopher ...

a)
Plato
b)
Aristotle
c)
Socrates
d)
Epicurus
38.

Aquinas' moral theory is called ...

a)
Natural Law Theory
b)
Virtue Ethics
c)
Deontological Ethics
d)
Utilitarianism
39.

For Aquinas, humans' ultimate purpose is to ...

a)
attain material wealth
b)
achieve personal happiness
c)
achieve union with God
d)
gain social status
40.

For Aquinas, the natural law is derived through ...

a)
divine revelation and tradition
b)
government regulations and laws
c)
personal beliefs and opinions
d)
reason and observation of human nature
41.

The natural law is a reflection of God's ...

a)
divine law
b)
human law
c)
moral law
d)
eternal law
42.

Aquinas' key, universal moral rules are called ...

a)

natural laws

b)

apparent goods

c)

secondary precepts

d)

primary precepts

43.

Secondary precepts are ...

a)
universal truths that apply to all situations
b)
randomly chosen ethical standards
c)
personal opinions on morality
d)
derived moral guidelines based on primary precepts
44.

For Aquinas, an apparent good is ...

a)
an apparent good is a good that is universally recognized.
b)
an apparent good is something that is always beneficial.
c)
an apparent good is something that seems good but does not lead to true fulfillment.
d)
an apparent good is a true good that leads to fulfillment.
45.

Aquinas' doctrine of double effective says ...

a)
An action can be justified if it has multiple good effects.
b)
Aquinas' doctrine states that all actions are morally neutral.
c)
Aquinas' doctrine of double effect states that an action can be morally permissible if it has both a good and a bad effect, under certain conditions.
d)
An action is only permissible if it has no bad effects.
46.

Situation Ethics was developed by ...

a)
Carl Rogers
b)
B.F. Skinner
c)
Abraham Maslow
d)
Joseph Fletcher
47.

Situation Ethics is an example of which kind of theory ...

a)
Situational ethics is a deontological theory.
b)
Situational ethics is an absolutist theory.
c)
Situational ethics is a virtue ethics theory.
d)
Situational ethics is a consequentialist theory.
48.

Situation ethics rejects legalism, which is ...

a)
a strict adherence to laws or rules without considering individual circumstances.
b)
a flexible approach to ethics based on personal feelings.
c)
an emphasis on the importance of tradition and customs.
d)
a focus on the collective good over individual rights.
49.

Situation rejects antinomianism, which is ...

a)
the belief that moral laws are always binding
b)
the idea that grace negates the need for moral behavior
c)

the doctrine that all actions are good

d)

the belief in chaos and anarchy

50.

Fletcher's situation ethics advances how many working principles ...

a)
three
b)
five
c)
four
d)
two
51.

Fletcher's situation ethics advances how many fundamental principles ...

a)
seven
b)
five
c)

six

d)
three
52.

Joseph Fletcher's theory of situation ethics has a well-renowned case study called ...

a)
The Good Shepherd
b)
The Prodigal Son
c)

Sacrificial Adultery

d)

Mrs Bergmeier

53.

Fletcher says what about the relationship between love and justice?

a)
Fletcher believes that love is essential for true justice.
b)
Fletcher believes that justice can exist without love.
c)
Fletcher claims that love and justice are completely unrelated.
d)
Fletcher argues that justice is more important than love.
54.

Fletcher focuses on which form of love ...

a)
philia
b)
storge
c)
agape
d)
eros
55.

Fletcher's situation ethics is maximising because ...

a)
Fletcher's situation ethics is maximising because it focuses on maximizing love and positive outcomes.
b)
Fletcher's situation ethics is maximising because it emphasizes strict adherence to laws.
c)
Fletcher's situation ethics is maximising because it seeks to minimize harm at all costs.
d)
Fletcher's situation ethics is maximising because it prioritizes rules over love.
56.

Agape love is ...

a)
Agape love is conditional and transactional.
b)
Agape love is selfless and unconditional love.
c)
Agape love is based on physical attraction.
d)
Agape love is a romantic type of love.
57.

Fletcher's situation ethics is inspired by the actions of ...

a)

Bonhoeffer

b)

Abraham

c)
Jesus
d)
Moses
58.

Ethical absolutism is ...

a)
the view that ethical standards are only relevant to specific situations.
b)
the idea that morality is subjective and varies by culture.
c)
the belief that moral principles are determined by individual preferences.
d)
the belief in universal moral principles that apply to all individuals at all times.
59.

Ethical relativism is ...

a)

the belief that morality is relative to an individual's norms or the norms pf one's culture.

b)
the concept that ethical standards are fixed and unchanging.
c)

the belief that morality is always determined by individual preferences.

d)
the idea that all moral beliefs are universally applicable.
60.

Normative ethics is ...

a)

a study of the history of ethical theories.

b)
a branch of psychology focused on moral behavior.
c)
a legal framework for enforcing ethical standards.
d)

a branch of ethics that advances moral standards and principles guiding actions.

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