TCP is reliable and connection-oriented, while UDP is faster and connectionless.

TCP is connectionless and has lower latency than UDP.

UDP guarantees delivery of packets, while TCP does not.

TCP is faster and connection-oriented, while UDP is reliable and connectionless.

Network, Internet, Link, Session

Application, Network, Transport, Physical

Application, Transport, Internet, Network Interface

Session, Transport, Internet, Data Link

Clients store all data locally without any server interaction.

Clients directly communicate with each other without a server.

The server sends requests to multiple clients simultaneously.

A client-server architecture works by having clients send requests to a server, which processes the requests and returns responses.

To establish physical connections between devices.

To manage network routing and addressing.

To provide reliable data transfer and communication between applications.

To encrypt data for secure transmission.

Use DatagramSocket for UDP communication

Create a TCP server using ServerSocket, accept connections in a loop, and handle client communication with InputStream and OutputStream.

Implement a web server using HttpServer

Create a GUI application for client-server interaction

The IP protocol manages user authentication in networks.

The IP protocol encrypts data for secure transmission.

The IP protocol is responsible for physical data transmission over cables.

The IP protocol facilitates addressing and routing of data packets in networking.

Use a blocking I/O approach for all client connections.

Use multithreading to spawn a new thread for each client connection.

Use a single-threaded model to handle all clients sequentially.

Limit the server to only one client at a time.

Higher reliability due to error correction

Guaranteed delivery of packets

More efficient for file transfers

Lower latency

Port numbers are used to identify specific processes or services on a networked device.

Port numbers are only relevant for wireless networks.

Port numbers are used to encrypt data during transmission.

Port numbers are physical connectors on a network device.

A DatagramSocket is a graphical user interface component in Java.

A DatagramSocket is a Java class for managing TCP connections.

A DatagramSocket is a Java class used for sending and receiving datagram packets over a network using UDP.

A DatagramSocket is used for sending and receiving files over HTTP.

Through a SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK sequence.

The three-way handshake involves only a single SYN message.

The three-way handshake uses a SYN, FIN, and RST sequence.

The three-way handshake is a method for data encryption.

The application layer enables user-level applications to communicate over the network using defined protocols.

The application layer encrypts data for secure transmission.

The application layer is responsible for routing packets across networks.

The application layer manages hardware resources directly.

Use a Socket instead of DatagramSocket.

Send data as a String instead of a byte array.

Establish a TCP connection before sending data.

1. Create a DatagramSocket. 2. Prepare data as a byte array. 3. Create a DatagramPacket with the data, server address, and port. 4. Send the packet using the socket. 5. Optionally, receive a response using another DatagramPacket.

TCP, UDP, IP

HTTP, FTP, SMTP, DNS

SSH, Telnet, SNMP

RDP, ICMP, ARP