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Critical Review in Philippine History

Total questions: 75

Worksheet time: 38mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following best describes José Rizal's approach to colonial resistance?

a)

Violent rebellion

b)

Nonviolent reform through education and writing

c)

Isolation from political activity

d)

Collaboration with the Spanish authorities

2.

Why is Andres Bonifacio not considered the first Philippine president despite leading the Katipunan?

a)

He was not elected through formal means

b)

He never claimed the title of president

c)

Emilio Aguinaldo had greater Spanish support

d)

He died before independence was declared

3.

What sets Melchora Aquino, or “Tandang Sora,” apart as a revolutionary figure?

a)

She wrote anti-Spanish poems

b)

She led a women's battalion

c)

She provided food and shelter to the Katipuneros

d)

She was elected as the Katipunan president

4.

Why did Apolinario Mabini earn the title “The Sublime Paralytic”?

a)

He led a naval resistance while paralyzed

b)

He continued to govern and write political doctrines despite being paralyzed

c)

He was paralyzed due to torture

d)

He died in battle without ever walking

5.

What ideological difference did Mabini have with Aguinaldo’s leadership?

a)

Mabini wanted to ally with America

b)

He pushed for a monarchic system

c)

He opposed elite dominance and cronyism

d)

He supported annexation to Spain

6.

Why did Gabriela Silang emerge as a unique figure in Philippine revolutionary history?

a)

She was the first woman elected in the government

b)

She fought with her husband and continued after his death

c)

She was a spy for the Americans

d)

She was a religious leader turned rebel

7.

What distinguishes Macario Sakay’s resistance movement after the Philippine-American War?

a)

He surrendered and collaborated with Americans

b)

He declared himself President of the Tagalog Republic

c)

He was a traitor to Aguinaldo

d)

He led peaceful negotiations with Americans

8.

What was the primary reason José Rizal was executed by the Spanish government?

a)

He led a direct revolt

b)

He refused to convert to Catholicism

c)

His writings were accused of inciting rebellion

d)

He killed a Spanish friar

9.

Who was the Filipino hero known as the “Brains of the Revolution”?

a)

Emilio Aguinaldo

b)

Marcelo H. del Pilar

c)

Apolinario Mabini

d)

Antonio Luna

10.

What was the most significant contribution of Marcelo H. del Pilar to the Philippine propaganda movement?

a)

He created revolutionary weapons

b)

He founded the Katipunan

c)

He published satirical and anti-friar articles in La Solidaridad

d)

He trained Filipino soldiers in Spain

11.

Which statement best defines Antonio Luna’s vision for the Philippine army?

a)

A mercenary force supported by the U.S.

b)

A weak, defensive force

c)

A disciplined, unified military resistant to factionalism

d)

A guerilla-style militia

12.

What caused Luna’s death despite his contributions to the army?

a)

Spanish execution

b)

Illness

c)

He was ambushed by Aguinaldo’s loyal men

d)

He was killed by Americans

13.

Who is the only Filipino awarded the title “National Hero” by legislative proclamation?

a)

Emilio Aguinaldo

b)

José Rizal

c)

Andres Bonifacio

d)

None; no official law declares any National Hero

14.

What was Gregoria de Jesus' key role in the Katipunan?

a)

Head of propaganda

b)

Spy for the Spanish

c)

Custodian of documents and recruiter of women

d)

Military leader

15.

Which of the following best explains the importance of the La Solidaridad newspaper?

a)

It announced Katipunan codes

b)

It was a Spanish government propaganda

c)

It voiced Filipino aspirations in Spain

d)

It published novels of Rizal

16.

Who was the first woman to lead a revolt against Spanish colonial rule?

a)

Gabriela Silang

b)

Teresa Magbanua

c)

Tandang Sora

d)

Princess Urduja

17.

What significant action did Teresa Magbanua take during the revolution?

a)

Acted as a war nurse

b)

Led troops in Panay

c)

Published revolutionary papers

d)

Delivered arms to Mindanao

18.

How did Emilio Jacinto’s work influence the Katipunan?

a)

He was a financier

b)

He was Bonifacio’s rival

c)

He was the brains behind the Kartilya ng Katipunan

d)

He served the Americans

19.

Who among the following is most recognized for pushing secularization and Filipino control of churches?

a)

José Rizal

b)

Gomburza

c)

Emilio Aguinaldo

d)

Antonio Luna

20.

Which revolutionary hero later collaborated with the American government?

a)

Apolinario Mabini

b)

Antonio Luna

c)

Emilio Aguinaldo

d)

Macario Sakay

21.

What was Bonifacio's title in the Katipunan?

a)

Supremo

b)

General

c)

Kapitan

d)

Padre

22.

What does the martyrdom of Gomburza symbolize in the national consciousness?

a)

Spanish religious power

b)

The danger of rebellion

c)

Injustice of colonial rule

d)

Power of education

23.

What was the role of Juan Luna in the propaganda movement?

a)

Military leader

b)

Playwright

c)

Painter who inspired nationalism

d)

Priest

24.

Why was Jose Rizal opposed to the revolution of 1896?

a)

He supported Spain

b)

He preferred reforms over violence

c)

He feared Filipino victory

d)

He was anti-Katipunan

25.

Who is known as the “Mother of the Philippine Red Cross”?

a)

Melchora Aquino

b)

Aurora Quezon

c)

Gregoria de Jesus

d)

Teresa Magbanua

26.

What was the major contribution of Leona Florentino to Philippine heritage?

a)

Armed resistance

b)

First female revolutionary

c)

Literature and feminist poetry

d)

Red Cross founder

27.

What unites Rizal, Bonifacio, and Mabini in their ideology?

a)

Advocacy for Spanish loyalty

b)

Deep Catholic faith

c)

Nationalism and Philippine independence

d)

Belief in monarchy

28.

Why did Aguinaldo’s declaration of independence on June 12, 1898, lack legitimacy?

a)

It was done without a full congress

b)

No other nations recognized it

c)

Spain had not yet been defeated

d)

All of the above

29.

Which of the following was a common challenge faced by women revolutionaries?

a)

Illiteracy

b)

Gender discrimination and exclusion

c)

Support from friars

d)

Paid salaries

30.

What can be learned from the lives of these heroes today?

a)

That violence is the only way to gain freedom

b)

That colonialism is justified

c)

That love of country demands sacrifice

d)

That only men can be heroes

31.

Who is recognized as the "Brains of the Katipunan" for his contributions in structuring the Katipunan’s political and revolutionary framework?

a)

Emilio Aguinaldo

b)

Andres Bonifacio

c)

Emilio Jacinto

d)

Marcelo H. del Pilar

32.

Which hero was deported to Guam for his involvement in the Propaganda Movement and later became a respected statesman in the American period?

a)

Mariano Ponce

b)

Apolinario Mabini

c)

Artemio Ricarte

d)

Pablo Ocampo

33.

Known as "The Sublime Paralytic", he was the intellectual backbone of the Philippine Republic. Who is he?

a)

Marcelo H. del Pilar

b)

Emilio Aguinaldo

c)

Apolinario Mabini

d)

Felipe Calderon

34.

Who was the first Filipino general to fight the Americans in Iloilo after the Treaty of Paris?

a)

Gregorio del Pilar

b)

Martin Delgado

c)

Macario Sakay

d)

Ananias Diokno

35.

Who was the revolutionary hero of Bicol who was known as the “Freedom Fighter of Camarines Sur”?

a)

Wenceslao Vinzons

b)

Elias Angeles

c)

Jose Maria Panganiban

d)

Leon Kilat

36.

What was the profession of Jose Maria Panganiban, one of the lesser-known propagandists, before joining the Propaganda Movement?

a)

Doctor

b)

Journalist

c)

Lawyer

d)

Priest

37.

Which woman led a local resistance against Spanish colonial troops in Ilocos and is considered one of the earliest Filipina heroines?

a)

Trinidad Tecson

b)

Gabriela Silang

c)

Teresa Magbanua

d)

Melchora Aquino

38.

Teresa Magbanua was known as the “Visayan Joan of Arc.” What was unique about her leadership during the revolution?

a)

She was a priestess

b)

She disguised herself as a man

c)

She led troops herself in battle

d)

She was an intellectual propagandist

39.

Wenceslao Vinzons was a student leader and guerilla fighter during World War II. Which institution did he serve as student president?

a)

University of Santo Tomas

b)

University of the Philippines

c)

Ateneo de Manila University

d)

San Beda College

40.

Which Filipino general was dubbed the “Boy General” and died during the Battle of Tirad Pass?

a)

Gregorio del Pilar

b)

Artemio Ricarte

c)

Antonio Luna

d)

Jose Alejandrino

41.

Macario Sakay established which government after the capture of Aguinaldo?

a)

Katagalugan Republic

b)

Federal Republic of the Philippines

c)

People's Government

d)

Revolutionary Junta

42.

Who was the leader of the Pulajanes, known for resisting both Spanish and American authorities in Samar?

a)

Papa Isio

b)

Faustino Ablen

c)

Vicente Lukban

d)

Aniceto Lacson

43.

The first Filipino woman to die in the struggle against the Spaniards was:

a)

Gregoria de Jesus

b)

Melchora Aquino

c)

Gabriela Silang

d)

Teodora Alonso

44.

Which Filipino general refused to surrender to American troops and was exiled to Guam for years?

a)

Emilio Aguinaldo

b)

Artemio Ricarte

c)

Miguel Malvar

d)

Manuel Tinio

45.

Who was the only Filipino woman to lead a male-dominated force in Panay against the Americans?

a)

Trinidad Tecson

b)

Teresa Magbanua

c)

Hilaria Aguinaldo

d)

Gregoria de Jesus

46.

Jose Palma is best remembered for what major contribution to the Philippine national identity?

a)

First Filipino diplomat

b)

Author of “Florante at Laura”

c)

Composer of the lyrics of the Philippine National Anthem

d)

Signatory of the Malolos Constitution

47.

Who was the editor of La Independencia, the revolutionary newspaper of the First Philippine Republic?

a)

Marcelo del Pilar

b)

Emilio Jacinto

c)

Antonio Luna

d)

Mariano Ponce

48.

Which hero is associated with the revolutionary movement in Cebu?

a)

Pantaleon Villegas (Leon Kilat)

b)

Artemio Ricarte

c)

Jose Alejandrino

d)

Baldomero Aguinaldo

49.

Which revolutionary general was a pharmacist by profession and assisted in designing war strategies in Northern Luzon?

a)

Jose Torres Bugallon

b)

Manuel Tinio

c)

Gregorio Aglipay

d)

Jose Alejandrino

50.

Who among the following was a former Katipunan leader and later became the first Filipino Archbishop of the Independent Philippine Church?

a)

Apolinario Mabini

b)

Gregorio Aglipay

c)

Melchora Aquino

d)

Pedro Paterno

51.

Trinidad Tecson earned what nickname for her role in the revolution and battles in Biak-na-Bato?

a)

Ina ng Katipunan

b)

Mother of Biak-na-Bato

c)

Tagapagtaguyod ng Himagsikan

d)

Dakilang Mandirigma

52.

Which Ilocano writer and propagandist used the pen name "Tikbalang" in La Solidaridad?

a)

Graciano Lopez Jaena

b)

Mariano Ponce

c)

Isabelo de los Reyes

d)

Jose Maria Panganiban

53.

Which young heroine carried secret messages and supplies across enemy lines during the Japanese occupation?

a)

Josefa Llanes Escoda

b)

Nieves Fernandez

c)

Remedios Gomez-Paraiso

d)

Maria Rosa Henson

54.

Known as “Commander Liwayway,” this woman wore makeup in battle during WWII. What was her real name?

a)

Josefa Llanes Escoda

b)

Nieves Fernandez

c)

Remedios Gomez-Paraiso

d)

Trinidad Tecson

55.

Which anti-colonial rebel leader declared himself a religious leader and led revolts in Negros and Panay?

a)

Papa Isio

b)

Elias Angeles

c)

Faustino Ablen

d)

Julian Felipe

56.

Who was the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines under American civil government?

a)

Cayetano Arellano

b)

Manuel Araullo

c)

Victorino Mapa

d)

Ramon Avanceña

57.

Which Filipina journalist and editor was known for her work in the revolutionary newspaper La Independencia?

a)

Maria Paz Mendoza-Guazon

b)

Concepcion Felix

c)

Rosa Sevilla de Alvero

d)

Josefa Llanes Escoda

58.

Who was the founder of the first nursing school in the Philippines and a notable figure in the field of education?

a)

Anastacia Giron-Tupas

b)

Josefa Llanes Escoda

c)

Vicenta Madrigal-Gonzalez

d)

Maria Kalaw Katigbak

59.

Which revolutionary leader is known as the "Hero of the Battle of Imus" during the Philippine Revolution?

a)

Emilio Aguinaldo

b)

Crispulo Aguinaldo

c)

Baldomero Aguinaldo

d)

Santiago Álvarez

60.

Who was the first Filipino diplomat to serve as Resident Commissioner to the U.S. House of Representatives?

a)

Benito Legarda

b)

Pablo Ocampo

c)

Manuel Quezon

d)

Clemencia Lopez

61.

Which Filipina suffragist founded the Asociación Feminista Filipina in 1905?

a)

Pura Villanueva Kalaw

b)

Concepcion Felix

c)

Josefa Llanes Escoda

d)

Rosa Sevilla de Alvero

62.

Who was the first Filipino bishop of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente (Philippine Independent Church)?

a)

Gregorio Aglipay

b)

Isabelo de los Reyes

c)

Jose Evangelista

d)

Pedro Pelaez

63.

Which Filipino general was known as the "Tiger of Pangasinan" for his bravery during the Philippine-American War?

a)

Juan Cailles

b)

Manuel Tinio

c)

Jose Torres Bugallon

d)

Antonio Luna

64.

Who was the first Filipina to practice law in the Philippines?

a)

Josefa Abiertas

b)

Natividad Almeda-Lopez

c)

Tecla San Andres Ziga

d)

Carmen Planas

65.

Who was the Ilocano revolutionary priest who co-founded the Iglesia Filipina Independiente and fought for Filipino clergy rights?

a)

Jose Burgos

b)

Pedro Pelaez

c)

Isabelo de los Reyes

d)

Gregorio Aglipay

66.

Who was known as the “Brains of the Katipunan” and helped draft revolutionary documents and declarations?

a)

Apolinario Mabini

b)

Pio Valenzuela

c)

Emilio Jacinto

d)

Andres Bonifacio

67.

Who was the only woman member of the Katipunan’s first Supreme Council?

a)

Melchora Aquino

b)

Gregoria de Jesus

c)

Trinidad Tecson

d)

Marina Dizon

68.

Which hero from Bicol was a martyr executed with the Gomburza, though not widely remembered?

a)

Leon Kilat

b)

Jose Rizal

c)

Macario Sakay

d)

Moises Salvador

69.

Who was the youngest Filipino general during the Philippine-American War?

a)

Artemio Ricarte

b)

Gregorio del Pilar

c)

Juan Cailles

d)

Miguel Malvar

70.

Who led the revolutionary movement in Visayas and organized local governments under Aguinaldo's republic?

a)

Leandro Fullon

b)

Aniceto Lacson

c)

Roque Lopez

d)

Martin Delgado

71.

Who is considered the "Father of the Philippine Labor Movement"?

a)

Teodoro Sandiko

b)

Hermenegildo Cruz

c)

Isabelo de los Reyes

d)

Dominador Gomez

72.

Who founded the Manila chapter of the Katipunan and was responsible for early recruitment efforts?

a)

Ladislao Diwa

b)

Andres Bonifacio

c)

Teodoro Plata

d)

Valentin Diaz

73.

Who was the Filipino general known for his guerrilla warfare in Northern Luzon during the Philippine-American War?

a)

Simeón Ola

b)

Manuel Tinio

c)

Licerio Gerónimo

d)

Antonio Luna

74.

Who was the Bicolano revolutionary leader and the last general to surrender to American forces?

a)

Candido Tirona

b)

Pio del Pilar

c)

Simeón Ola

d)

Ananias Diokno

75.

Who founded the Women’s Auxiliary Service during World War II and served as a Girl Scouts leader?

a)

Trinidad Tecson

b)

Pura Villanueva-Kalaw

c)

Josefa Llanes Escoda

d)

Rosa Sevilla de Alvero