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Science 7 Unit #4 Structures & Forces

Total questions: 39

Worksheet time: 20mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Mass structures have a low level of compressive strength. Mark only one oval.

a)

True

b)

False

2.

Spreading the weight of a structure over a large area increases its stability. Mark only one oval.

a)

True

b)

False

3.

Increasing a structure's stability reduces the structural efficiency of that structure. Mark only one oval.

a)

True

b)

False

4.

One way to reduce material failure is to build using composite materials.

a)

True

b)

False

5.

Because rectangular-shaped frames can be easily pushed or pulled out of shape, they should not be used in structures.

a)

True

b)

False

6.

Excessive torsion forces will cause a structure to shear.

a)

True

b)

False

7.

Metal fatigue occurs when the forces holding particles of material together are weakened because of regular movement.

a)

True

b)

False

8.

In order for a structure to "fail" it must collapse completely.

a)

True

b)

False

9.

A bird sitting on the windowsill of your house is an example of a dead load.

a)

True

b)

False

10.

Your weight is the same when you are standing at sea level as it is when you are standing on a high mountain.

a)

True

b)

False

11.

The mass of a structure would be the same on the Moon as it is on Earth.

a)

True

b)

False

12.

A structure that is constructed by humans.

a)

Load

b)

Design

c)

Function

d)

Natural Structure

e)

Manufactured Structure

13.

The manner in which a structure is put together.

a)

Load

b)

Design

c)

Function

d)

Natural Structure

e)

Manufactured Structure

14.

The weight supported by a structure

a)

Load

b)

Design

c)

Function

d)

Natural Structure

e)

Manufactured Structure

15.

The purpose of a structure.

a)

Load

b)

Design

c)

Function

d)

Natural Structure

e)

Manufactured Structure

16.

A structure that is not made by humans.

a)

Load

b)

Design

c)

Function

d)

Natural Structure

e)

Manufactured Structure

17.

Crushes material by squeezing it together.

a)

Tension

b)

Compression

c)

Shear

d)

Torsion

18.

Stretches material by pulling its ends apart.

a)

Tension

b)

Compression

c)

Shear

d)

Torsion

19.

Bends or tears material by pushing it in opposite directions at the same time.

a)

Tension

b)

Compression

c)

Shear

d)

Torsion

20.

Doorknobs are designed to withstand this kind of force. Check all that apply.

a)

Tension

b)

Compression

c)

Shear

d)

Torsion

21.

Fill in the Blanks
Use the following words: (a word may be used more than once)
- Forces
- Stable
- Fail
- Mass
- Compression
- Shear
- Dead
- Distance

22. Structures are most ________________________ when their base rests on a large area and when they have most of their ________________________ close to the ground.

a)

Stable, Mass

b)

Fail, Distance

c)

Shear, Compression

d)

Dead, Forces

22.

Structures are designed to resist ________________________ that might affect their shape.

a)

Forces

b)

Colors

c)

Textures

d)

Sounds

23.

Designers study why structures ________________________ in order to devise ways to strengthen and improve them.

a)

Fail

b)

Succeed

c)

Float

d)

Disappear

24.

________________________ forces bend or tear a material by pressing different parts in opposite directions at the same time.

a)

Shear

b)

Tensile

c)

Compressive

d)

Torsional

25.

The Leaning Tower of Pisa exerts ________________________ forces on the ground beneath it.

a)

downward

b)

upward

c)

sideways

d)

rotational

26.

A ________________________ load refers to the weight of a structure itself.

a)

dead

b)

live

c)

dynamic

d)

impact

27.

The gravitational force between two objects depends on the ________________________ of each object and the ________________________ between them.

a)

mass, distance

b)

volume, temperature

c)

area, speed

d)

density, color

28.

You are meeting with a designer to plan a huge monument to your favorite teacher. What do designers do to create a firm foundation?

a)

Find a solid base to build on.

b)

Create a solid layer to build on.

c)

Spread the load of a structure over a large area.

d)

Balance forces.

e)

All of the above

29.

What does spin stabilization allow you to do?

a)

increase your stability by crouching down low

b)

balance a stack of plates in your hands

c)

walk upright

d)

carry large loads

e)

ride a fast-moving bicycle with no hands on the handlebars

30.

Why is the Leaning Tower of Pisa tipping?

a)

The weight of the structure is causing the soil on one side to compress and slip sideways.

b)

One side of the tower is heavier than the other side.

c)

The foundation hole was dug unevenly.

d)

Water drained into one side of the base.

e)

none of the above

31.

Why is it important that foundation walls extend into the soil layers that never freeze?

a)

The freezing will not let the concrete harden.

b)

The freezing and thawing will cause the soil to weaken and fall away.

c)

The foundation must always be kept warm to maintain its strength.

d)

The metal reinforcement in the foundation will break if frozen.

32.

In order to spread out the weight of a structure, foundation walls are set on which of the following?

a)

loose gravel

b)

packed sand

c)

packed top soil

d)

concrete footings

33.

The driver of a racing car is in the middle of a race when it begins to rain. The rain gets in between the slick tires and the road and acts as a lubricant. The car is very unstable and hard to drive in this situation. How could you increase the friction between tire and road to correct this problem?

a)

Replace the large slick tires with a smaller slick tire.

b)

Replace the existing slick tires with larger slick tires.

c)

Replace the slick tires with ones that have grooves to form a tread.

d)

Replace the large slick tires with smaller slick tires and remove weight from the car.

34.

All structures have a maximum load that they can carry. Once the load passes this point the structure begins to be damaged or fails completely. How can the use of I-, L-, or T-beams instead of solid beams help with this problem?

a)

The I-, L-, and T-beams are stronger than the solid beams.

b)

The I-, L-, and T-beams are more flexible than the solid beams.

c)

The I-, L-, and T-beams are more easily attached together than the solid beams.

d)

The I-, L-, and T-beams have less dead load but comparable strength to the solid beams.

35.

Sarah's teacher demonstrated the strength of different materials in class. In the last demonstration he brought out a cardboard moving box. He gave the box to Sarah for her to weigh, and she told the class that the box had a weight of 875 g. The teacher then stood on a scale and told the class he weighed 90 kg. Sarah's teacher then took the box and placed it on the floor. He proceeded to stand on the box without it collapsing. How was the lightweight box able to support such a large load?

a)

The cardboard was very heavy.

b)

The corrugations in the cardboard focused the load in one area.

c)

The corrugations in the cardboard spread the load out over the entire box.

d)

The corrugations in the cardboard made it more flexible under the load.

36.

You are hired by a contractor to help frame a house. On your first day, you want to impress everyone with your understanding of design. You tell the contractor that frames that are weak in the middle can be stabilized by ____________________________.

a)

bracing the middle of the beam

b)

supporting the load by an arch

c)

adding a cantilever

d)

A, B, and C

e)

A and C

37.

Spider silk has a great deal of what type of strength?

a)

Tensile

b)

Compressive

c)

Shear

d)

Torsion

38.

The difference between mass and weight is:

a)

Mass is the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the force exerted by gravity on that object.

b)

Mass and weight are the same thing.

c)

Mass is measured in newtons, while weight is measured in kilograms.

d)

Weight does not depend on gravity, but mass does.

39.

Studying how structures fail helps designers create more efficient and stable structures by:

a)

Identifying weaknesses and improving future designs

b)

Increasing the cost of construction

c)

Making structures more complex

d)

Ignoring past mistakes