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Geography Grade 11 Final 2025

Total questions: 152

Worksheet time: 3hrs 6mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The idea that explained how continents moved over time 

a)

Continental Drift

b)

Pangea

c)

Plate Tectonics Theory

d)

Plate Boundaries

2.

A German scientist who first had the idea of continental drift.

a)

Albert Einstein

b)

Galileo

c)

Alfred Wegener

d)

Gladys West

3.

The name of the supercontinent before they moved to where the continents are today. 

a)

Continental Drift

b)

Pangea

c)

Super Country

d)

United States of America

4.

The year Wegener first had the idea for continental drift

a)

1975

b)

1950

c)

1888

d)

1912

5.

The decade when other scientists started believing Wegener

a)

1940's

b)

1950's

c)

1960's

d)

1970's

6.

The scientific theory that describes how the Earth’s crust (and upper mantle) is divided into plates that can move (very slowly).  

a)

Continental Drift

b)

Pangea

c)

Plate Tectonics Theory

d)

Plate Boundaries

7.

The places where tectonic plates (big pieces of crust) meet together

a)

Continental Drift

b)

Pangea

c)

Plate Tectonics Theory

d)

Plate Boundaries

8.

The tectonic plates move apart

a)

Convergent Boundary

b)

Divergent Boundary

c)

Transform Boundary

d)

Personal Boundary

9.

The tectonic plates move together

a)

Convergent Boundary

b)

Divergent Boundary

c)

Transform Boundary

d)

Personal Boundary

10.

The tectonic plates slide past.

a)

Convergent Boundary

b)

Divergent Boundary

c)

Transform Boundary

d)

Personal Boundary

11.

Which of the following WAS NOT a piece of evidence that Alfred Wegener considered when forming his model of continental drift?

a)

the interaction between the Earth's lithospheric plates and the asthenosphere

b)

the fit of the east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa

c)

fossils of the same species match across the seas

d)

similar mountain ranges on different continents

e)

similar ancient climates evidence matches on present-day continents

12.

Which of the following events lead to the discovery of the process of sea-floor spreading?

a)

World War II

b)

the American Civil War

c)

the creation of the atomic bomb

d)

the Apollo Moon-landing program

13.

In which of the following regions is plate subduction dominant.

a)

around the edges of the Pacific Ocean

b)

down the middle of the Atlantic Ocean

c)

along the Appalachian Mountains of the US northeast

d)

at the North and South Poles

14.

Plate tectonics is a direct result of the interaction between which of the following spheres of Earth?

a)

lithosphere and asthenosphere

b)

atmosphere and hydrosphere

c)

pedosphere and cryosphere

d)

magnetosphere and chromosphere

15.

Earth's lithospheric plates at a rate of a few _____________ every year.

a)

centimeters

b)

miles

c)

kilometers

d)

yards

16.

The term "plate tectonics" refers to the fact that the lithospheric crustal plates are moving very slowly across the Earth’s surface.

a)

True

b)

False

17.

A tectonic plate boundary where the two plates are scraping alongside each other in a side-swiping motion is referred to as:

a)

a strike-slip fault.

b)

a subduction zone.

c)

sea floor spreading.

d)

a convergence.

18.

The Pacific Ocean is the largest body of water on Earth and is growing larger each year.

a)

True

b)

False

19.

The continental drift hypothesis stating that a supercontinent called Pangaea began breaking apart about 200 million years ago was proposed by:

a)

Alfred Wegener

b)

Antonio Pellegrini

c)

Harry Hess

d)

Bill Nye

20.

During his lifetime, the main objection to Alfred Wegener’s proposal was the inability to find _________________ for continental drift.

a)

a mechanism

b)

an example

c)

evidence

d)

a timeline

21.

The asthenosphere is _________________ than the lithosphere.

This allows for the ____________ of the lithosphere over the asthenosphere

a)

hotter and weaker, motion

b)

cooler and stronger, power

c)

more brittle and lighter, dominance

d)

darker and harder, subduction

22.

Which of the following best describes this illustration.

a)

Earth's largest tectonic plate and region of plate subduction

b)

Earth's largest tectonic plate and region of plate divergence

c)

Earth's hottest tectonic plate and region of strongest hurricanes

d)

Contains the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

23.

Which of the following is shown in this illustration?

a)

Earth's longest mountain chain

b)

the Hawaiian hotspot

c)

the San Andreas fault

d)

the Ring of Fire

24.

One of the first clues that many people notice about continental drift is that:

a)

the continents appear to fit together like puzzle pieces.

b)

the lithospheric plates move across the asthenosphere.

c)

ancient climates in different parts of the world appear to have been identical.

d)

the Earth is protected from the solar winds by its magnetosphere.

25.

A satisfactory mechanism for continental drift was finally discovered when data from ___________________ provided clues to how continents moved.

a)

seafloor mapping

b)

sea level rise

c)

volcanic activity

d)

atmospheric pollution levels

26.

Which of the following dinosaur species was studied to attempt to solve the mystery of how the fossils of the same animal could be found on two continents separated by thousands of miles of ocean?

a)

Brachiosaurus

b)

Triceratops

c)

Stegosaurus

d)

Velociraptor

27.

Mapping the locations of rocks gives clues as to how they may have moved along cracks in the crust called ______________.

a)

faults

b)

fails

c)

tributaries

d)

sink holes

28.
This is a picture of glacier scars found in Africa.  What are these evidence for?
a)
Africa has always been near the equator
b)
Africa was once in an area of the Earth that had a very cold climate
c)
The continents have not moved
d)
sea floor spreading
29.
What are the remains of organism noticed by Wegener that are found the same in two continents?
a)
Leaves and flowers
b)
Ice and mountains
c)
Plants and animals
d)
Dinosaurs and reptiles
30.
What type of plate boundary is this?
a)
Plate
b)
Divergent
c)
Convergent
d)
Transform
31.
Earthquakes and volcanoes are most likely found in which locations?
a)
At plate boundaries
b)
in oceans
c)
in the middle of continents
d)
in the middle of plates
32.
The San Andrea's Fault in California is which type of boundary?
a)
Convergent
b)
Divergent
c)
Subductive Zone
d)
Transform
33.
At which type of boundary are mountains formed?
a)
Convergent
b)
Divergent
c)
Subductive Zone
d)
Transform
34.
At which type of plate boundary does seafloor spreading occur?
a)
Tranform
b)
Convergent
c)
Divergent
d)
Subductive Zone
35.
What is the area where two tectonic plates meet called?
a)
collision
b)
mid-ocean ridge
c)
a boundry
d)
a rift zone
36.
What type of boundary is formed when plates collide?
a)
convergent
b)
horizontal
c)
divergent
d)
transform
37.
What type of boundary is formed when plates separate?
a)
convergent
b)
horizontal
c)
divergent
d)
transform
38.
What type of boundary is formed when plates slide past each other?
a)
convergent
b)
horizontal
c)
divergent
d)
transform
39.
According to the continental drift theory, a single, huge continent once existed called
a)
Pangaea.
b)
Wegener.
c)
Panthalassa.
d)
Euraisa.
40.
The process that takes place at mid-ocean ridges is called
a)
sea-floor spreading.
b)
uplift. 
c)
continental drift.
d)
subduction.
41.
Which of the following is NOT a tectonic boundary?
a)
Convergent
b)
Divergent
c)
Sedergent
d)
Transform
42.
When an oceanic plate and a continental plate collide, which one will subduct?
a)
oceanic
b)
continental
c)
neither
43.
Most volcanoes and earthquakes occur...
a)
along the coast
b)
along tectonic plate boundaries
c)
in the Arctic
d)
in the ocean
44.
Which of these events can ONLY happen on a DIVERGENT BOUNDARY?
a)
Rift Valley
b)
Mountain
c)
A peninsula
d)
An Insanely complex, long answer that you will click out of instinct. 
45.
The Great Rift Valley in Africa and the Mid-Ocean Ridge were all created by this boundary
a)
Divergent
b)
Convergent
c)
Reform
d)
Transform
46.
This layer of Earth is the thickest part
a)
crust
b)
outer core
c)
mantle
d)
inner core
47.
What are the two types of crust
a)
continental and oceanic
b)
ocean and upper
c)
lower and upper
d)
pizza and subway
48.
What is the name of the area where one crust slides underneath another
a)
no flex zone
b)
subduction zone
c)
transverse zone
d)
school zone
49.
This image is of...
a)
Convergent boundary
b)
Transform Boundary
c)
Divergent Boundary
50.
This image is of....
a)
Convergent Boundary
b)
Transform Boundary
c)
Divergent Boundary
51.
What process causes new oceanic crust?
a)
Continental drift
b)
Sea floor spreading
c)
Earthquakes
d)
Radiation
52.
Who is the person credited with developing the theory of continental drift?
a)
Harry Hess
b)
Galileo
c)
Alfred Wegener
d)
Newton
53.
Name the three types of plate boundaries.
a)
convergent, divergent, transform
b)
convergent, divergent, transformers
c)
divergent, insurgent, allegient
d)
conduction, convection, radiation
54.

A fold that results in an arch shape is a syncline.

a)

True

b)

False

55.

When the crust is stretched by rock moving in opposite directions, compression occurs.

a)

True

b)

False

56.

How does folding affect Earth's surface?

a)

Folding causes the crust to buckle, and over time, to rise up and form mountains.

b)

Folding causes the crust to sink.

c)

Folding causes the crust to bend in half.

d)

Folding has no effect on Earth's surface.

57.

Why is it dangerous to live along a fault line?

a)

It's not dangerous at all!

b)

The plates are sliding past each other here and this can cause serious changes to the landscape, including a fracture in the crust.

58.

Which type of stress occurs at divergent boundaries where plates pull apart?

a)

tension

b)

compression

c)

shear

59.

Which type of stress occurs at convergent boundaries where plates push into each other?

a)

tension

b)

compression

c)

shear

60.

Which type of stress occurs at transform boundaries where plates slide past each other?

a)

tension

b)

compression

c)

shear

61.

What is syncline?

a)

A downfolded portion of rock layers.

b)

An upfolded portion of rock layers.

c)

A word Ms. Powell made up.

62.

What is anticline?

a)

A downfolded portion of rock layers.

b)

An upfolded portion of rock layers.

c)

A word Ms. Powell made up.

63.

In Earth Science, what is a fault?

a)

It is who is to blame.

b)

It is a fracture where pieces of earth move up, down and sideways.

c)

It is a break in Earth's crust where pieces don't move.

64.

In Earth Science, what is a joint?

a)

It is something that moves on a hinge, like your elbow.

b)

It is a fracture where pieces of earth move up, down and sideways.

c)

It is a break in Earth's crust where pieces don't move.

65.

When magma keeps coming up below the surface and eventually solidifies and creates igneous rock, what is formed?

a)

An earthquake.

b)

A volcano.

c)

A pile of rocks.

d)

Nothing, that doesn't happen.

66.

A type of fault caused by two opposing parallel forces which result in slipping is known as

a)

A tear fault

b)

slip fault

c)

anticlinal fault

d)

thrust fault

67.

Which of The following is not a types of fault

a)

Normal fault

b)

Nappe fault

c)

Reserved fault

d)

Shear fault

68.

The steep slope facing the downthrow is called

a)

Faultscarp

b)

Throw

c)

Hade

d)

Heave

69.

When the land move in relation to the others along the fault in a movement

a)

Earth movement

b)

Displacement

c)

Throw

d)

Faulting

70.

Faulting is not caused by three forces

a)

True

b)

False

c)

Not sure

d)

None of the above

71.

What is faulting

a)

Cracking of the earth's crustal rocks

b)

Fracturing of the rocks of the earth's crust

c)

Bending of the rocks of the earth's crust

d)

Is a word invented by Tr Ndavi

72.

The picture shows a type a movement resulting from the compression of Rocks.

a)

Faulting

b)

Folding

c)

Stratification

d)

Tension

73.

A type of movement that form cracks or fractures in rocks. The cracks are called fault lines.

a)

Faulting

b)

Folding

c)

Anticline

d)

Syncline

74.

What happens to reverse fault?

a)

Hanging wall drops down

b)

Both walls move sideways

c)

Forces are pulling the sides apart (Extensional)

d)

The force is compressional, pushing the sides together

75.

Which among the pictures shows SYNCLINE (Folding)?

a)
b)
c)
d)
76.

Which among the pictures shows Transverse fault?

a)
b)
c)
d)
77.

The picture shows the process of what kind of rock formation?

a)

Stratified Rocks

b)

Sedimentary Rocks

c)

Metamorphic Rocks

d)

Igneous rocks

78.

What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth’s layers?

a)

crust, outer core, inner core, mantle

b)

mantle, outer core, inner core, crust

c)

crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

d)

outer core, inner core, crust, mantle

79.

Which layer of Earth flows slowly and causes the crust to move?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Inner Core

d)

Outer core

80.
A location where two tectonic plates collide is known as a _________ boundary.
a)
Convergent
b)
Divergent
c)
Transform
d)
Spreading
81.

When plates collide we get ________.

a)

crumbles

b)

volcanos

c)

trenches

d)

mountain ranges

82.

Most geologists think that the movement of Earth's tectonic plates is caused by

a)

the rotation of the Earth.

b)

the Earth's magnetic field.

c)

subduction.

d)

convection currents.

83.
The diagram shows what can occur when two continental plates collide.Which characteristic of the Indian Plate explains why it moves under the Eurasian Plate?
a)
It is larger.
b)
It is denser.
c)
It is molten.
d)
It is younger.
84.
What is molten rock that has formed deep within the Earth?
a)
Hot Spot
b)
Magma
c)
Lava
d)
Volcano
85.
What is molten rock that has reached the Earth's surface?
a)
Aa
b)
Lava
c)
Magma
d)
Pahoehoe
86.
What factor(s) determine(s) whether an eruption will be explosive?
a)
The amount of gases in the magma
b)
The amount of silica in the magma
c)
The amount of gas and silica in the magma
d)
None of these affect the explosiveness of the volcano
87.
As magma rises towards the surface it collects in a 'room' called a _____ _____ . 
a)
magma chamber
b)
side vent
c)
main vent
d)
lava chamber
88.
Vocanoes are found...
a)
on land
b)
under water
c)
on islands
d)
all of the above
89.
The difference between magma and lava is _____
a)
where it is found (above or below the surface)
b)
how hot the molten rock is (lava is hotter than magma)
c)
 the type of boundary where it forms
d)
the viscosity of the molten rock (lava has a lower viscosity)
90.
Volcanoes that have recently erupted are known as:
a)
Extinct Volcano
b)
Dormant Volcano
c)
Active Volcano
d)
What's a volcano?
91.
__________ volcanoes are usually steep sided. They are formed from layers of ash and lava.
a)
Shield
b)
Cone
c)
Dormant
d)
Extinct
92.
__________ volcanoes are formed from fast flowing, lava which flows easily over the surface, forming larger volcanoes with gentle sides.
a)
Cone
b)
Composite
c)
Angel
d)
Shield
93.
A subduction zone is...
a)
plates pull apart.
b)
the continental plate slides under the oceanic plate.
c)
where the oceanic plate slides under the continental plate.
d)
plates slap each other a high five.
94.

Lava that is very thin and runny probably

a)

has low silica content

b)

is high in silica

95.

Where are volcanoes most likely to form?

a)

along plate boundaries

b)

near the center of continents

c)

near water

d)

on the moon

96.

One major belt of volcanoes that surrounds the Pacific Ocean

a)

Ring of Fire

b)

Ring of Asia

c)

Ring o' earthquakes

d)

Ring a ding ding

97.

A bowl shaped area that may form at the top of a volcano around the central vent

a)

crater

b)

vent

c)

tube

d)

leftovers

98.
Lakes that form near volcanoes considered to be....
a)
Craters
b)
Conduits
c)
Vents
d)
Calderas
99.
What is letter B in the picture?
a)
Magma Chamber
b)
Crater
c)
Vent
d)
Conduit
100.
What is letter C in the picture?
a)
Vent
b)
Crater
c)
Caldera
d)
Tephra
101.
What is letter D in the picture?
a)
Crater
b)
Vent
c)
Conduit
d)
Tephra
102.
What is letter E in the picture?
a)
Tephra
b)
Pyroclastic Flow
c)
Magma Chamber
d)
Vent
103.
What is letter F in the picture?
a)
Pyroclastic Flow
b)
Crater
c)
Vent
d)
Tephra
104.

Rocks can change throughout many different processes through the rock cycle. Which of the following does not contribute in the changes of rocks?

a)

compaction

b)

deposition

c)

melting

d)

weathering

105.

The processes involved in the rock cycle include all of the following EXCEPT:

a)

compaction

b)

condensation

c)

erosion

d)

weathering

106.

How does extrusive igneous rock differ from intrusive igneous rock?


I. Extrusive igneous rock cools quickly and fine-grained in texture while intrusive igneous rock cools slowly and coarse-grained in texture.

II. Extrusive igneous rock cools slowly and coarse-grained in texture while intrusive igneous rock cools quickly and fine-grained in texture.

a)

I

b)

II

c)

I and II

d)

none of the above

107.

All of the following conditions in Earth can cause metamorphic rocks to form EXCEPT:

a)

exposure to air

b)

heat

c)

pressure

d)

the presence of hot, watery fluids

108.

How does sedimentary rock form?

a)

formed because of changes in temperature and pressure, or the presence of hot watery fluids

b)

formed from foliated igneous rock

c)

formed from magma

d)

formed when loose materials become pressed or cemented together or when minerals form from solutions

109.

There are different types of rocks. What type of sedimentary rock is formed from broken fragments of pre-existing minerals and rocks?

a)

chemical rocks

b)

clastic rocks

c)

inorganic rocks

d)

organic rocks

110.

Which type of metamorphic rock occurs when liquid rock comes into contact with other rocks?

a)

allied metamorphism

b)

contact metamorphism

c)

contract metamorphism

d)

regional metamorphism

111.

Which statement about rock is TRUE?

a)

A rock is always made of molten material.

b)

A rock is always a mixture of minerals, organic matter, volcanic glass, or other materials.

c)

A rock is always formed by heat and pressure.

d)

A rock is always either igneous or sedimentary.

112.

What metamorphic rocks comes from hard sandstone?

a)

marble

b)

schist

c)

slate

d)

quartzite

113.

What sedimentary rock formed from the mixture of smooth round stones and pebbles?

a)

arkose

b)

chert

c)

conglomerate

d)

shale

114.

Why is it hot at the equator?

a)

Due to a lack of clouds

b)

Due to the Sun's energy being more concentrated

c)

Due to a lack of rainfall

d)

Due to clouds keeping the surface insulated

115.

Is there rising air or sinking air at the equator?

a)

Rising air

b)

Sinking air

116.

Is rising air linked to wet or dry conditions?

a)

Dry

b)

Wet

117.

Does rising air create high or low pressure conditions?

a)

High

b)

Low

118.

What type of weather is associated with low pressure at the equator?

a)

Cool and wet

b)

Warm and dry

c)

Warm and wet

d)

Cool and dry

119.

Is there a high-pressure or low-pressure belt 30 degrees north and south of the equator?

a)

High pressure

b)

Low pressure

120.

Name the three types of plate tectonic margin

a)

Destructive

b)

Collision

c)

Constructive

d)

Conservative

121.

Why is it cold at the poles?

a)

Clouds reflect the Sun's energy back into space

b)

There is low pressure

c)

Heat escapes easily

d)

The Sun's energy is spread out over a large area

122.

Which type of tectonic crust is heavier?

a)

Continental

b)

Oceanic

123.

What is the very centre of the Earth called?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Inner Core

d)

Outer Core

124.

Which type of plate margin only has earthquakes?

a)

Destructive

b)

Constructive

c)

Conservative

125.

What is the epicentre of an earthquake?

a)

The point within the Earth where the earthquake begins

b)

The point on the surface of the Earth, directly above where it begins

126.

At which type of plate margin are volcanoes found?

a)

Destructive

b)

Constructive

c)

Conservative

127.

At which type of plate margin are earthquakes found?

a)

Destructive

b)

Constructive

c)

Conservative

128.

A seismologist studies which branch of Earth Science?

a)

Geology

b)

Geography

c)

Astronomy

d)

Meteorology

129.

A seismologist studies which branch of Earth Science?

a)

Geology

b)

Geography

c)

Astronomy

d)

Meteorology

130.

The origin of the earthquake is the...

a)

Epicenter

b)

Focus

c)

Epilogue

d)

Superposition

131.

What law states that the oldest rocks are on the bottom, youngest on top?

a)

Epicenter

b)

Focus

c)

Epilogue

d)

Superposition

132.

What is it called when earthquake waves bend when traveling through different layers of earth?

a)

Reflection

b)

Refraction

c)

Bend zone

d)

Shadow zone

133.

Which type of seismic wave is the fastest?

a)

P-wave

b)

S-wave

c)

Surface wave

d)

Rayleigh wave

134.

Which type of seismic wave is the most destructive?

a)

P-wave

b)

S-wave

c)

Surface wave

d)

Body wave

135.

Which type of seismic wave leaves the focus of an earthquake first?

a)

P-wave

b)

S-wave

c)

Surface wave

d)

All leave the focus at the same time

136.

More destruction occurs when the focus of an earthquake is located...

a)

Near the surface

b)

Deep in the crust

c)

Deep in the mantle

d)

In the core

137.

The movement of a P-Wave is

a)

Linear

b)

Compression

c)

Tension

d)

Transverse

138.

The movement of an S-Wave & Surface wave is

a)

Linear

b)

Compression

c)

Tension

d)

Transverse

139.

The area that does not receive any direct P-waves is called

a)

the crust

b)

the mantle

c)

a shadow zone

d)

a shallow zone

140.

The record that is produced by an earthquake is called the

a)

seismogram

b)

seismograph

c)

seismometer

d)

seismology

141.

The instrument that is used to determine an earthquake's magnitude is called the

a)

seismogram

b)

seismograph

c)

seismometer

d)

seismology

142.

Areas with faults where earthquake SHOULD be, but we haven’t seen one in a while (such as the San Andreas) are called

a)

seismic gap

b)

shadow zone

c)

sleeping

d)

dead zone

143.

To find the distance to an earthquake’s epicenter, scientists need to...

a)

Find arrival times of S-waves and Surface Waves

b)

Find arrival times of P-waves and S-Waves

c)

Determine damage done by each wave

d)

Guess where the focus is

144.

What is it called when scientists use 3 seismic stations to find the location of the epicenter?

a)

seismic gap

b)

shadow zone

c)

triangulation

d)

superposition

145.

Which type of earthquake wave cannot travel through the liquid outer core?

a)

P-wave

b)

S-wave

c)

Surface wave

d)

Love wave

146.

Isostatic adjustment is

a)

when the lithosphere and asthenosphere are in a state of balance

b)

when the force of gravity and buoyancy are in a state of balance

c)

changing when mountain building and/or erosion are taking place

d)

all of the above

147.

Looking at the graph shown, what represents the epicenter of an earthquake?

a)

the origin (0,0)

b)

s-wave line

c)

p-wave line

d)

s-p line

148.

Fault zones form at plate boundaries and produce a high number of earthquakes because

a)

seismic gaps and shadow zones are present

b)

very little rock stress and strain are present

c)

intense rock stress and strain is present

d)

p-waves and s-waves both travel through the interior of the earth

149.

When seismologists record arrival times of P-waves and S-waves at multiple seismograph stations, they are determining the earthquake’s

a)

magnitude

b)

intensity

c)

epicenter

d)

time-span

150.

Which wave on this image has the greatest amplitude?

a)

p-wave

b)

s-wave

c)

surface-wave

d)

all have the same amplitude

151.

The location on earth's crust that represents the starting point of an earthquake is the

a)

focus

b)

epicenter

c)

epilogue

d)

superposition

152.

What is the correct order of the 3 steps needed to triangulate an earthquake?

a)

1) find time difference of p- and s-waves, 2) determine distance using the graph 3) triangulate using 3 circles

b)

1) determine distance using the graph 2) triangulate using 3 circles, 3) find time difference of p- and s-waves,

c)

1) triangulate using 3 circles 2) find time difference of p- and s-waves, 3) determine distance using the graph

d)

1) determine distance using the graph, 2) find time difference of p- and s-waves, 3) triangulate using 3 circles

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