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WorksheetsYear 12 questions
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 43mins
Idealists believe the only thing that exists are...
Objects and their properties
God and properties
Minds and ideas
God and minds
What is Berkeley's main argument for God?
The trademark argument
The apparent continued existence of things
God is no deceiver
The ontological argument
There is a concern that Idealism leads to
(a)
Berkeley attacks indirect realism by claiming that ideas can only ever be like other ideas, not physical objects. This is known as...
(a)
Berkeley's Idealism has difficulty explaining ...
Time lag
Perceptual variation
Illusions
Hallucinations
Phil:I am willing to let our whole debate be settled as follows: If you can conceive it to be possible for any mixture or combination of qualities, or any sensible object whatever, to exist outside the mind, then I will grant it actually to be so.
Hyl: By that test, the point will soon be decided. What is easier than to conceive a tree or house existing by itself, independently of and unperceived by any mind whatsoever? I conceive them existing in that way right now.
Phil: Tell me, Hylas, can you see a thing which is at the same time unseen?
Hyl: No, that would be a contradiction.
Phil: Is it not as great a contradiction to talk of conceiving a thing which is unconceived?
Hyl: It is.
Phil: The tree or house therefore which you think of is conceived by you.
Hyl: How could it be otherwise?
Phil: And what is conceived is surely in the mind.
Hyl: Without question, what is conceived is in the mind.
Phil: Then what led you to say that you conceived a house or tree existing independently and out of all minds whatsoever?
Hyl: That was an oversight, I admit; but give me a moment to think about what led me into it. It was—·I now realize, after reflection·—an amusing mistake. As I was thinking of a tree in a solitary place with nobody there to see it, I thought that was conceiving a tree as existing unperceived or unthought of, overlooking the fact I myself conceived it all the while. But now I plainly see that all I can do is to form ideas in my own mind. I can conceive in my own thoughts the idea of a tree, or a house, or a mountain, but that is all. And this is far from proving that I can conceive them existing out of the minds of all spirits.
Does this dialogue show...
God perceives all things at all times
Primary qualities are mind dependent
Secondary qualities are essential
We cannot conceive of a mind independent world
Which is the correct definition of Direct Realism?
The world exists mind dependently and we perceive it directly
The world exists mind independently and we perceive objects and their properties directly
The world exists mind independently and we perceive sense data directly
The world exists mind independently and we perceive it via hallucinations/illusions
The argument shows that we don't always see the world the way it is at that exact moment.
(a)
Indirect Realists, like Locke and Russell, think we don't access the world directly, but through...
Sense data
Hallucinations
Illusions
Rose tinted glasses
Which of the following does not support the primary/secondary quality distinction?
Primary qualities are measurable
Colour is an essential property
Primary qualities can be picked up by more than one sense
Primary qualities are essential
Locke's arguments to overcome the veil of perception are
My senses confirm the information supplied by your senses- corroboration
My senses are coherent- each confirms the information supplied by the other
Senses are involuntary and so probably caused by an external world
To overcome the veil of perception is to be at one with the universe
Russell's best hypothesis argument states
If my cat was just sense data he wouldn't be so annoying
I experience primary and secondary qualities so they are probably 'out there'
There being a world causing my sense data is the best fit hypothesis
You can;t hide under a table if it is just sense data
Catherine Trotter Cockburn makes which of the following two points
Sense data can be so bizarrely arranged it's a wonder any of us can think straight
Changes in one sense are accompanied by change in another.
If you could hear a train but not see it you would likely get run over
Types of sensory info are so different we would have no reason to associate them if they didn't come from outside of us
According to Locke, location, motion, extension, shape and number are all...
(a)
We can respond to Russell's perceptual variation by saying the differences in perception are just
Hallucinations
Sense data
Relational properties
Illusions
Utility means...
Happiness
Usefulness in creating certain outcomes
A room for laundry and dishes
Consequences
Which of the following are hedonistic forms of utilitarianism
Preference
Mill's qualitative utilitarianism
Bentham's quantitative utilitarianism
Egalitarian consequentialism
Which is Mill's proof?
Good is desirable because it make people happy
Desire is good because it makes people happy
Happiness is good because it is what people desire
If something makes you happy you should do it
Mill distinguishes between higher and lower pleasures. Higher pleasures are more valuable because...
Poor people like lower pleasures
They are harder to attain, yet people still do
They are easier to attain, yet intellectually rewarding
Only intelligent people can access them
Nozick's experience machine shows that...
We might be in the Matrix
When we live in VR our lives will be better
Pleasure is the most important good
Pleasure is not the most important good
Mill's utilitarianism is based on...
(a)
Deon means...
Doctorate
Duty
Demos
Deen
Deontology is
Act based
Agent based
The only thing which is good without qualification is...
Duty based virtues
Consequences
Happiness
The good will
The Good Will is...
For all men
Manifesting good things in life
Acting out of duty
Hoping for the best consequences
Which of the following are hypothetical imperatives?
Use your phone less
Exercise more
Be honest
Study harder
Which is the first formulation of the categorical imperative?
Contradiction in will
Legislating for the Kingdom of Ends
Universalisability formula
Humanity formula
What are the two tests?
Will I get found out?
Contradiction in will
What would my Mum think?
Contradiction in conception
Which is not a contradiction in conception?
Frugality
Lying
Stealing
Murdering
Kant thinks we should always
Act out of duty
Act in accordance with duty
Virtue theory is an a_____ c________ system of ethics
(a)
Arete means...
Virtue
Flourishing
Rationality
Excellence
The 'ultimate end' is known as...
(a)
Why does Descartes reject Empiricism?
Simple and complex ideas are clearly wrong
We don't have a Tabula Rasa
The senses can't be trusted- 3 waves of doubt
He doesn't, he actually agrees with them on many things
What is Descartes looking for?
Fame
Indubitable knowledge
Innate ideas
The red pill
What is his method?
Trademark his arguments
Eat a whole barrel of apples
Write probing letters to Hume and Locke
Hyperbolic doubt
What is the first truth he discovers?
There is no truth
He is in the Matrix
The Cogito
The ontological argument
What is 'rational intuition'?
'Seeing' or 'grasping' the truth of clear and distinct ideas
Mother's intuition but more rational
Philosophical insight
Thinking things through logically
What does Descartes mean by 'distinct'?
Not fuzzy/hazy
Unique/unusual thoughts
Separate from all other ideas
Indubitable
What is 'clear'?
Obvious
Open to the attending mind
See through/ transparent
Simple/straight forward
The cogito is...
A deductive argument
A self verifying thought
Which is an example of rational intuition and deduction?
Cogito
Ontological argument
Which is NOT a criticism of the Ontological argument?
Hume's fork
Coherence of God
Existence isn't a property
Perfect island
Which is NOT an argument Descartes uses to prove the outside world exists?
God is no deceiver
He can see and touch physical objects
Experience is involuntary
An immaterial mind can't cause the idea of material things
Empiricism is the belief that...
Most knowledge comes from experience
All knowledge of maths comes from experience
All synthetic knowledge and ideas come from experience
All knowledge comes from experience
Locke believes all ideas are...
Analytic/synthetic
Relations between ideas/matters of fact
Trivial/substantive
Simple or complex
Hume believes ideas are...
Sometimes innate
Faded copies of experience
Matters of fact
Substantive
Empiricists believe a priori knowledge...
Doesn't exist
Can be synthetic
Is limited to analytic truths
Is necessary
Empiricists believe a priori knowledge...
Doesn't exist
Can be synthetic
Is limited to analytic truths
Is necessary
Leibniz believed...
Our minds are blank at birth
We know everything a priori
Necessary truths must be innate
Maths is synthetic
Descartes thought...
The idea of God is innate (Trademark)
We are born with knowledge of the forms
Knowledge of the language is innate
Our minds are blank at birth
Plato believed
We don't learn, only recollect
We recollect the form of knowledge
The only true knowledge is knowledge of the forms
Necessary truths must be innate
Chomsky claimed...
Language is innate
Grammar is innate
Grammar and maths are innate
Disgust is innate
Locke thought innate knowledge didn't exist because...
Necessary truths are debatable
There is no such thing as 'hidden knowledge'
Knowledge is temporary
Children and idiots would have the same knowledge, and they don't
Aristotle's types of action (match)
Voluntary
Actions chosen in full knowledge
Involuntary
Actions you were compelled to do
Non voluntary
Actions done in ignorance
What is the tripartite theory of knowledge?
Knowledge is a true reliable belief
Knowledge is a true justified belief
Knowledge is a true belief
Knowledge is a true, justifed, reliable belief
The Gettier case shows
Jones had a false ureliable lemma
Smith had a lucky reliable process
We can have a T+J+B without having knowledge
Life is like a box of chocolates
What was the unreliable process the Smith used?
(a)
Categorise these terms
Deductive
Trivial
Necessary
Contingent
Inductive
Substantive
Empirical
Syntheti
Reorder the ontological argument
God has every perfection
Perfection entails existence
God exists
