• Lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs (or viscera).

• Provides a pathway for blood vessels

  and lymph

• (secrets a small amount of serous fluid for lubrication)

o Covers the organs

o Lines the abdominal wall

(a)  

Encloses most of the abdominal organs; enclosed organs called “intraperitoneal

(a)  

Small sac bordered anteriorly by the stomach, posteriorly by the pancreas and a portion of the transverse colon

(a)  

Passageway between greater and lesser sacs just inferior to the liver

(a)  

Double peritoneum extends from liver to lesser curvature of stomach and beginning of duodenum

(a)  

Large fold of peritoneum that extends from stomach, passes anteriorly to the colon and small intestine

(a)  

Space within the abdomen that houses most

of the organs (liver, stomach, intestines)

(a)  

Located within the peritoneal cavity and covered by the visceral peritoneum

(a)  

The area on the liver that is not covered by peritoneum is called the (a)  

The (a)   area is located on the posterior superior surface of the right of lobe the liver

The (a)   area lies in direct contact with the diaphragm

(a)   is anatomical space located beneath the RT lobe of the liver, adjacent to the right kidney

The (a)   space is an area between the liver or spleen and diaphragm

The (a)   is located beneath the right costal margin.

The liver occupies almost all of the (a)  

The liver occupies the greater part of the (a)  

The liver occupies the (a)   as far as the mammary line

The liver lies (a)   to the diaphragm

The fundus of the stomach lies _ and _ to the LT lobe of the liver

(a)  

Duodenum lies __ to the RT and __ segment of the left lobe

(a)  

Body of pancreas is usually just (a)   to the left lobe

The (a)   border of the liver contacts the RT kidney, IVC, and AO

The diaphragm covers the (a)   border of the liver

What alters the projections of the liver?

(a)  

(a)   tumors can elevate the liver

• Right hepatic flexure of colon

• Right kidney/adrenal gland

First portion of duodenum

(a)  

Gallbladder

(a)  

Gastric indentation

(a)  

IVC groove (posterior)

(a)  

Anterior mid portion (medial portion of let lobe) → quadrate lobe

(a)  

Left lateral boundary:falciform ligament

(a)  

Posterior midportion (below porta hepatis) → caudate lobe

(a)  

The right lobe has two segments the __ and __ segements

(a)  

The right lobe is separated horizontally by the (a)  

The (a)   divides the medial segment of the LT lobe from the anterior segment of the RT lobe

• extension of the posterior segment of RT lobe that can extend to iliac crest

• divides Left lobe into medial and lateral segments

• Intersegmental fissure is marked on external liver margin by the (a)  

• Runs horizontally between the medial and lateral segments

• Left lobe is bound (a)   by the Porta Hepatis

Left lobe is bound (a)   by the GB fossa

Left lobe is bound (a)   by the fossa for umbilical vein

Round ligament

(a)  

fibrous remnant of fetal circulation in which the umbilical vein is connected to IVC, in adulthood it is usually seen attached to Left branch of Portal vein within Porta hepatis (gateway to liver

(a)  

The caudate lobe is bound (a)   by the port hepatis

(a)   , the caudate lobe is separated from the RT lobe by IVC

The (a)   part of the caudate lobe is bounded by the fissure for the Ligamentum Venosum

The caudate lobe is (a)   Connected to the RT lobe of the liver by the caudate process, which passes laterally between the Portal vein and the IVC at the Porta Hepatis.

• Located on the visceral surface of the liver, specifically between the IVC and the Ligamentum venosum.

The (a)   lobe is the largest lobe

• Close to the anterolateral abdominal wall

• Rt lateral diaphragm undersurface

• Subdivided into anterior and posterior segments

• Close to undersurface of the diaphragm

• Varies in size and shape

• Inferior margin is close to then gastric body and antrum

• Anterior to:

  o Pancreas body

• o Splenic vein
  o Splenica rtery

• Subdivided into lateral and medial segments

• Located on the inferior surface of the RT lobe.

• Sits on the inferior surface of the RT lobe, between the anterior margin of the liver and the Porta hepatis

The (a)   lobe Is the smallest lobe

• Related to the lumbar region (posterior abdominal and thoracic walls)

• Covered by the lesser sac

• Separated from LT lobe by LHV and the fissure of the Ligamentum Venosum

• Liver covered by thin connective tissue layer called (a)  

• (a)   is boundary between RT and LT lobes of liver

(a)   appears as a hyper echoic line extending from portal vein to neck of GB

• Sonographer uses this ligament as a landmark to find GB if diseased

• (a)   extends from umbilicus to diaphragm and contains ligamentum teres

• appears as a bright echogenic focus with ultrasound and is seen as rounded termination of falciform ligament

• separates theLeft lobe from caudate lobe

• Seen on ultrasound as a thin, horizontal line just anterior to caudate lobe

Which lobe of the liver is 1?

(a)  

Which lobe is labeled 1?

(a)  

Which lobe is labeled 2?

(a)  

Which lobe is labeled 3?

(a)  

Which lobe is labeled 4a?

(a)  

Which lobe is labeled 4b?

(a)  

Which lobe is labeled 5?

(a)  

Which lobe is labeled 6?

(a)  

Which lobe is labeled 7?

(a)  

Which lobe is labeled 8?

(a)  

Runs from galbladder fossa to inferior vena cava and passes through portion of caudate lobe; this is the plane we refer to for the main lobar fissure

(a)  

Divides liver into right and left hemiliver (liver halves); hemilivers further divided into anterior and posterior segments

(a)  

Anterior and posterior segments divided into inferior and superior segments

(a)  

Anterior segment only divided into superior and inferior segments

(a)  

Liver Portion: caudate, bordered posteriorly by inferior vena cava and anteriorly by LPV

(a)  

Liver portion: left hemiliver, segment 2 and 3 found to the left of the ligamentum venosum

(a)  

Right hemiliver, segments 5 and 8 are anterior; segments 6 and 7 are posterior

(a)  

Hepatic Artery

Portal venous system

Hepatic veins

(a)  

(a)   hepatic vein is the largest

(a)   hepatic vein is the smallest

• (a)   formed by the union of the SMV (Superior Mesenteric vein) & SV (Splenic vein)

• - delivers blood from the digestive organs to the liver for processing

  • - enters the liver

• - drain the liver and return the blood to the heart

• - exit the liver

• These structures travel together, throughout liver, to support physiological function of liver

• The portal vein is contained within a connective tissue sheath called ___ ___, which contributes to its echogenicity

Left hepatic vein divides LT lobe of the liver into its __ and __ segments.

(a)  

Left portal vein divides LT lobe of the liver into ___ and __ segments based on its transverse plane

(a)  

Drains into the anterior and posterior segments of the right lobe

(a)  

Medial and lateral segments of the left lobe

(a)  

Drains into the right lobe and medial left lobe

(a)  

(a)   is drained by veins that directly connect to the inferior vena cava

(a)   supplied by multiple arteries, including branches of the RHA and LHA

Parenchyma of (a)   is used to sonographically evaluate other organs.

(a)   equal to or less echogenic than the liver.

(a)   isoechoic or hyperechoic to liver

(a)   is used as a window to visualize abdominal structures such as pancreas, gallbladder

The liver is a primary center of (a)  

Typically, there are approximately _ million lobules within the liver

(a)  

The liver uses (a)   to metabolize carbohydrates.

(a)   is a major component of the bile that is secreted by the liver and serves to emulsify fats

The liver synthesizes the (a)   albumin, fibrinogen, prothrombin, and globulins

The liver (a)   vitamins and other metabolic substances

Has a tip that can extend left laterally, all the way to the spleen. The sonographic appearance is the same as the normal liver.

(a)  

What is red arrow pointing to?

(a)