Which counsellor behaviour, in the counsellor behaviours described below, is an indicator of a reflexive

counsellor?

A. The counsellor who is in touch with her/his emotional state and is aware of the impact of her his

behaviour on clients’ perceptions of themselves during the counselling encounter.

B. The counsellor who is in touch with her/his woundedness and uses that to deepen her/his

empathic understanding of the client’s painful experience.

C. The counsellor who is aware that reality is co-constructed, therefore her/his views of the client’s

reality cannot be the only reality.

D. The other three options provided are all correc

Which statement is incorrect about the concept of “multiple realities” in a counselling encounter?

A. People bring a sample of their life context to a counselling encounter; therefore counsellors need

to listen to clients’ accounts of their lived experiences.

B. There is no right or wrong in what clients tell us as counsellors.

C. Counsellors, by their qualifications and experience, are experts on issues that their clients’ lived

experiences and, therefore are best placed to provide guidance to their clients.

D. There is no one way of understanding reality. Understanding people’s experiences requires us as

counsellors to “put ourselves in other people’s shoes” to understand what they are going through.

In the African context, in which most of the PYC3705 students are likely to apply counselling knowledge,

there is significant emphasis placed on the phenomenon of ubuntu/botho (humaneness) in human

interactions. Which concepts of Carl Rogers’ counselling theory are complementary to ubuntu/botho?,

A. Unconditional Positive Regard.

B. Empathy.

C. Authenticity

D. The other three options provided are all correct

You are a counsellor at a university counselling centre. A student who failed the examinations despite

studying hard presents for counselling in distress. The student expresses the view that her failure is a

result of witchcraft. Based on your understanding of the “Surveying contexts of counselling” study unit,

the best approach for you as a counsellor would be to - - - - -

A. Listen to the student and try to understand her point of view so that you can explore how she got

to espouse her current point of view.

B. Listen to the student and identify her faulty beliefs so that you can start a cognitive restructuring

process.

C. Listen to the student with the understanding that in a diverse society, people are going to hold

varying views that would not make sense to everybody in that society. Lived experiences are

varied and complex and it is useful to help clients explore alternative ways of experiencing and

interpreting reality.

D. Listen to the student to learn about her culture so that you can think of ways to help her correct

her faulty thinking.

Which counsellor, according to the descriptions presented below, is most likely to develop trust in their

client?

A. The counsellor with qualifications from a top university, has published articles in peer-reviewed

journals and is recognised as an expert.

B. The counsellor who is warm and kind and prioritises listening to clients and building a relationship

with them instead of trying to find solutions to clients’ problems.

C. The counsellor who is goal-oriented and solution-oriented and is renowned for “getting to the

bottom” of the issue and guides clients on the correct path.

D. The other three options provided are all correct.

From the study unit, “Holding the cracks”, which of the statements below would be a perfect example of

“the art of listening” in counselling?

A. Striving to understand the client’s frame of reference while observing their feeling state and

constantly paraphrasing what they said as a way of confirming that the counsellor understood

what they said.

B. Giving the client space to express themselves in the best way they see fit at the moment.

C. Allowing the client to express her/his feelings, perceptions and thoughts without putting any

judgement on what they say.

D. Listening to what the client says, making notes of relevant parts of their verbalisation and then

giving a summary at the end to convince the client that you have been listening

The study unit, “Theoretical Context”, places emphasis on Frame-of-reference as a departure point from

which counsellors can provide structure to their thoughts and interpretations of clients’ experiences. The

study unit, “Surveying contexts for counselling”, emphasizes the importance of locating clients in a

context to make counselling relevant. From your understanding of the two study units, which of the

statements below is the best integration of theory and context in counselling?

A. A good counsellor is the one trained in one major theoretical tradition that they know very well

and practice within the strict guidelines of the theory in which they were trained. Such counsellors

are able to transfer knowledge from their theoretical approach to explain a variety of interpersonal

contexts.

B. A good counsellor is the one who reads a variety of theories and applies the principles of various

theories to the kind of problems clients from different contexts present with. Such a counsellor

would also strive to familiarise themselves with different cultures in the society in which they

work.

C. A good counsellor understands the complexity of human diversity and sees value in

understanding human nature as explained by different humanities and social science theories.

Such a counsellor accepts that there is no one theoretical approach that sufficiently explains

human behaviour. Instead, they strive to integrate all theoretical knowledge into one general

theory of counselling that could be applied to a variety of human contexts.

D. The other three options provided are all correct.

Which of the following statements is TRUE for the notion of “opening up the space” for the client within

the counselling encounter?

A. The counsellor’s warmth, congruence and unconditional acceptance of the client irrespective of

the client’s behaviour are essential in creating space for meaningful engagement.

B. Micro-skills should not be used early in the session as they may hinder the client from sharing

his/her experiences.

C. A conducive and welcoming environment may create unrealistic expectations from the client’s

side, therefore the counsellor needs to be cautious not to open up the space too early in his/her

encounter with the client.

D. “Opening up the space” within a counselling context is an automatic process a

- - - - - refers to the notion that clients must agree to treatment and be apprised of the implications of that

agreement.

A. Contractual agreement

B. Informed consent

C. Willing participation

D. Therapeutic contract