For calls at which the physician cannot be present, there should be:

While not directly involved as EMTs, your family may exhibit reactions because of their collateral involvement with EMS. These reactions may be due to:

An off-duty EMT is driving to a doctor’s appointment when he passes a major vehicle collision. There are no EMRs on the scene yet. There are only Good Samaritans. The EMT is late for the appointment, so he decides not to stop and help. The driver of the vehicle dies before help arrives. One of the Good Samaritans notices the EMT license plates and writes the number down as he drives past. The Good Samaritan is angry that the EMT did not stop and help, and later tries to get the EMT fired for not assisting. Which of the following statements is true?

Positive ways of dealing with EMS work stress include all of the following except:

The role of the EMS system is usually found in:

The set of regulations that define the extent and limits of an EMT's job are called the:

When informing a 45-year-old male of treatment that is needed and the associated risks, the EMT is asking for ______ consent.

In stroking the newborn's lips, the EMT is testing a nervous system reflex known as the ______ reflex.

The vessel that carries oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium is the:

The type of muscle that controls your legs as you walk is called:

A 52-year-old man is experiencing a fight-or-flight situation, and his body is attempting to compensate by increasing his cardiac output. How does the body do this on a moment's notice?

The seat of the brain's respiratory control is a section called the:

A 19-year-old female is reported to have taken too many narcotic pain pills that were prescribed for her recent elbow surgery. She is extremely sleepy with very shallow breathing. Her color is pale, and her SpO2 is 84 percent. Her body is probably attempting to compensate for her poor level of ventilatory effort by stimulating the respiratory system to increase rate and tidal volume. Normally, respiratory drive is triggered by changing levels of:

A powder prepared from charred wood administered by some EMS systems to conscious poisoning patients is called:

Your patient is a 68-year-old female with a long history of emphysema. She is sitting up in the tripod position and complaining of severe shortness of breath. You should:

Your 79-year-old male patient appears to show all the signs and symptoms of a stroke. His mental status has rapidly deteriorated, he is now unconscious, and he can no longer control his own airway. While you intervene to manage his airway, the best position in which to keep fluid or vomitus from occluding his airway would be the ______ position.

Your 70-year-old male patient is having trouble breathing. When you auscultate his lungs, you hear crackles (rales), and you are concerned that he may have pulmonary edema. His SpO2 is 92 percent, so you place him on 100 percent oxygen via nonrebreather mask. His breathing gets a little easier with the oxygen. Later, as you are completing your reassessment, you see that his respirations have slowed to 8 times per minute and he is barely staying awake. What should you do next?

You are responding to a 54-year-old female patient in respiratory distress. She is on home oxygen by nasal cannula at 2 lpm. She has diminished lung sounds bilaterally with wheezes. She appears malnourished and has a barrel chest. Which condition do you suspect?

A 17-year-old male is having an asthma attack after participating in some strenuous activity at school. He has taken several doses of his own bronchodilator with little relief. Your partner immediately administers oxygen. Providing supplemental oxygen will increase the amount of oxygen molecules carried by the ______ in the patient's blood, helping oxygenate critical organs such as the brain.

Which of the following questions will most likely elicit your patient's chief complaint?

When should you assess the scene for safety?

Of the following scenarios, which presents the greatest immediate danger for an EMT's safety?

You arrive on the scene of a car crash. The MOI suggests a rear-end collision. Which of the following injury patterns should you most likely suspect in the unrestrained driver of the vehicle that was struck from the rear?

In assessing the respirations of an infant, it is important to remember that the infant's respiratory rate:

You are treating a 52-year-old female for chest pain. You have gathered all pertinent history of present illness, completed two sets of vital signs, talked with medical control, and assisted the patient with two doses of her nitroglycerin. Determination of whether the nitroglycerin was effective is made during the:

You are caring for a 48-year-old female who sustained a head injury as a result of a domestic dispute. You suspect that she has a closed head injury. You have been monitoring her vital signs every 5 minutes, and you see that her BP is rising and her pulse is dropping. This part of the assessment is called:

The MOI is evaluated during the:

You are assessing a 28-year-old male trauma patient who has no significant MOI. After the primary assessment, you should:

After arriving in the ED you should introduce the patient by name, summarize what was in your radio report, and:

A 65-year-old female patient complains of abdominal pain. While you are completing a SAMPLE history, she tells you that she is not currently being treated by a physician and takes no medications. You should:

You arrive on the scene of a 53-year-old male patient. The ambulance was called because he has had chest pain for the past hour. The chest pain in this situation is referred to as the:

A 75-year-old female is unresponsive but still breathing. You should obtain pertinent patient history information from:

A secondary assessment is appropriate for:

You respond to the scene of a 48-year-old male complaining of heartburn. He says that it’s just his “acid reflux,” but his partner panicked and called 911 anyway. What information would lead you to suspect that something more serious is occurring?

Your adult patient has a heart rate of 82, a respiratory rate of 16, and a BP of 120/80, and does not appear to be in any distress. You should repeat vital sign measurements at least every ______ minutes.

If you receive an order from on-line medical direction for 10 times the normal dose of a medicine (e.g., 1,500 mg of ASA instead of 150 mg) you should:

You are on the scene of a 74-year-old female patient who is complaining of posterior chest pain that she states feels “like someone is tearing out my back.” What condition do you suspect?

You are called to the home of a 54-year-old male who is complaining of difficulty breathing. He is alert and presents with hives over his chest, stridor, a swollen tongue, and wheezing in the upper fields. His breathing rate is 32 times per minute and shallow. He is speaking in two- to three-word sentences. What is the best treatment for this patient?

Albuterol and epinephrine both have bronchodilation properties that improve the amount of oxygen that a person can inhale and absorb. However, albuterol is administrated only for asthma, whereas epinephrine is administered for both asthma and anaphylaxis. Why is epinephrine, not albuterol, the first choice for anaphylaxis?

An elderly female patient who is experiencing a myocardial infarction is more likely to complain of which of the following symptoms than would be a younger male patient?

In dealing with a person experiencing a psychiatric emergency, why is it important to gather a detailed medical history?

Suctioning in pediatric patients is not very different than suctioning adult patients. Both rigid and flexible suction catheters have appropriate pediatric sizes. The difference is:

You are about to apply a BP cuff to an unconscious female when you notice that she appears to have a tube under the skin of her arm. The tube feels as though it has fluid going through it. You should:

Compared with an adult's airway structures, the pediatric patient's respiratory system includes:

Epinephrine is a _______ drug name.

Which of the following substances most effectively prevents the patient from digesting an ingested poison?

Why could a prescribed inhaler be helpful for a patient who is suffering from asthma, emphysema, or chronic bronchitis?

Your patient is a child who is having difficulty breathing. The structure of an infant or child's airway is different from an adult's in all of the following ways except that:

The relationship of glucose to insulin is often described as:

You transported a 58-year-old female who presented with a number of the signs and symptoms of a stroke to the emergency department yesterday. You are talking with your Medical Director about the call, and he tells you that the signs and symptoms were completely resolved within the past 24 hours. This patient was most likely suffering from a(n):

Which of the following is a generic name for a prescribed inhaler?

A substance secreted by plants, animals, or bacteria that is poisonous to humans is called a:

______ is an infection in the lungs that may lead to sepsis in elderly patients.

You are interviewing a 38-year-old male who is experiencing “severe and sudden epigastric pain” that radiates to his shoulder. He says that it got worse when he ate. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

You are treating a 68-year-old male who states that he has not been feeling well since returning home from his dialysis appointment. All of the following are common complications of dialysis except:

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of nitroglycerin?

Treatment of a conscious 12-year-old female with a history of diabetes may include:

You are not sure whether your conscious 38-year-old female diabetic patient has too much or too little sugar in her blood. What should you do if she has an altered mental status?

In what medication form does oral glucose come?

A 12-year-old female patient complains of an “itchy feeling” in her throat. She also complains of difficulty breathing. She tells that you she was just stung by a bee. You suspect that she is suffering from:

Why do patients suffering from allergic reactions have difficulty breathing?

Your 32-year-old male patient is experiencing an allergic reaction after eating shellfish. He denies breathing difficulty, and his vital signs are within normal ranges. You should:

The most important part of the treatment of your patient with an absorbed poison is to:

You suspect that your nearly unconscious 33-year-old female patient has ingested sleeping pills and alcohol. She is breathing inadequately. You should be prepared to immediately:

Which of the following infectious diseases is often considered a childhood disease, but can return in adults in a different form?

To prevent fatigue while performing CPR, how often should you switch positions with your partner?

Do not perform finger sweeps on an unresponsive infant with a foreign body airway obstruction:

The depth of compressions in performing CPR on a 55-year-old male is:

What is the ventilation rate in performing rescue breathing for a 6-year-old female?

A 16-year-old male has ingested hallucinogenic mushrooms. He is vomiting excessively. He agrees to treatment but does not want to be transported. Your next action should be to:

Which of the following characteristics may lead you to believe that the patient could become hostile?

In performing CPR, what is the rate of chest compressions per minute for a 58-year-old female?

To minimize the delay in beginning compressions for a 62-year-old male in cardiac arrest, the EMT should:

The ratio of compressions to ventilations for single-rescuer CPR for adult, child, and infant patients is:

A blood vessel with thick, muscular walls that carries blood away from the heart is called a(n):

Your care for a 52-year-old male patient taking blood thinners, who you suspect has internal bleeding, should include all of the following except:

Despite your best efforts to help, a 7-year-old child with a known airway obstruction has become unresponsive. You should next:

When force is transmitted to the body’s internal structures, causing internal organs to rupture or bleed internally, the injury is called a(n):

A bruise may be an indication of internal injuries and internal bleeding. It is important for you to monitor your patient for any signs and symptoms of:

You respond to a burn patient at a house fire. On your arrival, one of the firefighters is assisting a 36-year-old female into your ambulance. She is conscious and alert with full-thickness burns to both hands and forearms. She also has partial-thickness burns to her chest. Your treatment should include:

If you apply a leg splint too loosely to your 22-year-old male patient, complications may include all of the following except:

Use of a traction splint is contraindicated if your adult patient has:

You should consider using a SAM splint for splinting an injury to:

The major components of the nervous system are the:

Your 21-year-old female patient is taking a drug that was prescribed to help regulate her emotional activity and keep neurotransmitter levels from dropping too low. This type of drug is an:

A KED is appropriate to use in spinal motion restriction of a patient with signs of spine injury who is:

For the purposes of CPR, a child is defined as a patient who is:

A 21-year-old male has a serious open wound to the neck. You are concerned about the possibility of an air embolism. An air embolism can occur because of:

You are approaching a 47-year-old female who has bright red blood spurting from her right leg. She is screaming, and she begs you to help. You should:

You are caring for an 18-month-old male with a fever. He experiences a seizure. Your treatment should include all of the following except:

If the heart’s electrical system fails completely and no electricity is created, this would show ______ on a cardiac monitor.

Experiencing a strong emotional response after caring for a critical pediatric patient is a normal reaction. If this occurs, you should consider all of the following except:

The supplies in your ambulance for childbirth include all of the following, except:

You respond to a 15-year-old female in labor. Which of the following findings may indicate the need for neonatal resuscitation?

You are called to a nursing home for an 82-year-old male complaining of abdominal pain. The patient has a history of dementia and cannot describe the pain to you. The nurse states that the patient has been vomiting dark coffee ground emesis for about an hour. His blood pressure is 90/40 mmHg, his pulse is 100 regular, and his respiratory rate is 24. Aside from the airway, what is your greatest concern?

The key elements of quality CPR in an adult patient include:

According to typical state vehicle and traffic laws, when in an emergency vehicle on an emergency operation, the driver may do any of the following, while displaying a red beacon 360 degrees and sounding an audible device, except:

The national HAZMAT standard written specifically for first responders to a hazardous materials incident is:

According to START triage guidelines, a patient on the scene of an MCI who is alert and has a capillary refill time of less than 2 seconds is deemed a ______ patient.