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PASSAGE 1: Caral: an ancient South American city

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which term is closest in meaning to "ancient" in this context: "Ancient ruins reveal sophisticated societal structures."

a)

Modern

b)

Archaic

c)

Recent

d)

Current

2.

Which term is closest in meaning to "immense" in this context: "Immense pyramids showcase ancient engineering prowess."

a)

Tiny

b)

Vast

c)

Small

d)

Minor

3.

Which term is closest in meaning to "appear + adj" in this context: "Ancient artifacts appear intricate, reflecting craftsmanship."

a)

Conceal

b)

Seem

c)

Disappear

d)

Hide

4.

Which term is closest in meaning to "arid region" in this context: "Civilizations thrived in an arid region through irrigation."

a)

Lush valley

b)

Desert zone

c)

Fertile land

d)

Green plain

5.

Which term is closest in meaning to "deceive" in this context: "Ancient traders could deceive partners with counterfeit goods."

a)

Assist

b)

Mislead

c)

Support

d)

Guide

6.

Which term is closest in meaning to "indicate" in this context: "Excavations indicate advanced urban planning in ancient cities."

a)

Deny

b)

Suggest

c)

Conceal

d)

Refute

7.

Which term is closest in meaning to "the remains of" in this context: "The remains of ancient temples provide historical insights."

a)

New structures

b)

Relics

c)

Modern buildings

d)

Fresh ruins

8.

Which term is closest in meaning to "remnants" in this context: "Remnants of ancient pottery reveal trade networks."

a)

Whole objects

b)

Vestiges

c)

Intact artifacts

d)

Complete items

9.

Which term is closest in meaning to "flourish" in this context: "Ancient societies flourished due to innovative agriculture."

a)

Wither

b)

Prosper

c)

Decline

d)

Fail

10.

Which term is closest in meaning to "a thriving metropolis" in this context: "A thriving metropolis once stood where ruins now lie."

a)

Failing village

b)

Booming city

c)

Abandoned town

d)

Declining settlement

11.

Which term is closest in meaning to "undertake" in this context: "Archaeologists undertake excavations to uncover history."

a)

Avoid

b)

Initiate

c)

Neglect

d)

Abandon

12.

Which term is closest in meaning to "attract little attention" in this context: "Minor artifacts attract little attention but hold value."

a)

Gain prominence

b)

Go unnoticed

c)

Draw crowds

d)

Receive acclaim

13.

Which term is closest in meaning to "largely because" in this context: "Cities declined largely because of resource depletion."

a)

Rarely due to

b)

Primarily due to

c)

Slightly since

d)

Marginally because

14.

Which term is closest in meaning to "monuments" in this context: "Monuments from ancient times attract global tourists."

a)

Ordinary houses

b)

Landmarks

c)

Common buildings

d)

Simple structures

15.

Which term is closest in meaning to "excavations" in this context: "Excavations unearth ancient tools, enriching history."

a)

Construction

b)

Digs

c)

Restoration

d)

Building

16.

Which term is closest in meaning to "crew" in this context: "A crew of archaeologists uncovers ancient relics."

a)

Solo worker

b)

Team

c)

Individual

d)

Lone scholar

17.

Which term is closest in meaning to "search for" in this context: "Scholars search for clues to ancient trade routes."

a)

Ignore

b)

Seek

c)

Avoid

d)

Dismiss

18.

Which term is closest in meaning to "the advent of" in this context: "The advent of irrigation transformed ancient agriculture."

a)

End of

b)

Emergence

c)

Decline of

d)

Absence of

19.

Which term is closest in meaning to "techniques" in this context: "Ancient techniques in construction endure today."

a)

Mistakes

b)

Methods

c)

Errors

d)

Failures

20.

Which term is closest in meaning to "identify" in this context: "Archaeologists identify ancient artifacts by their markings."

a)

Misjudge

b)

Recognize

c)

Ignore

d)

Overlook

21.

Which term is closest in meaning to "foundations" in this context: "Foundations of ancient cities reveal urban planning."

a)

Roofs

b)

Bases

c)

Walls

d)

Ceilings

22.

Which term is closest in meaning to "be woven into" in this context: "Myths are woven into ancient cultural artifacts."

a)

Removed from

b)

Integrated into

c)

Excluded from

d)

Detached from

23.

Which term is closest in meaning to "surmise" in this context: "Historians surmise ancient rituals from unearthed relics."

a)

Prove

b)

Conjecture

c)

Confirm

d)

Verify

24.

Which term is closest in meaning to "give rise to" in this context: "Trade gave rise to ancient urban centers."

a)

Prevented

b)

Caused

c)

Stopped

d)

Hindered

25.

Which term is closest in meaning to "subjected to" in this context: "Ruins were subjected to harsh desert conditions."

a)

Shielded from

b)

Exposed to

c)

Protected from

d)

Spared from

26.

Which term is closest in meaning to "previously" in this context: "Previously unknown artifacts reshape historical views."

a)

Currently

b)

Earlier

c)

Now

d)

Later

27.

Which term is closest in meaning to "complexity" in this context: "The complexity of ancient societies fascinates scholars."

a)

Simplicity

b)

Intricacy

c)

Clarity

d)

Plainness

28.

Which term is closest in meaning to "manual laborers" in this context: "Manual laborers built ancient monumental structures."

a)

Scholars

b)

Physical workers

c)

Engineers

d)

Managers

29.

Which term is closest in meaning to "hierarchy" in this context: "A hierarchy governed ancient urban societies."

a)

Equality

b)

Structure

c)

Chaos

d)

Disorder

30.

Which term is closest in meaning to "the elite" in this context: "The elite controlled ancient city resources."

a)

Commoners

b)

Aristocracy

c)

Workers

d)

Peasants

31.

Which term is closest in meaning to "shabby" in this context: "Shabby ruins still hold archaeological value."

a)

Pristine

b)

Dilapidated

c)

Restored

d)

Polished

32.

Which term is closest in meaning to "convince" in this context: "Archaeologists convince funders to support excavations."

a)

Dissuade

b)

Persuade

c)

Deter

d)

Discourage

33.

Which term is closest in meaning to "extend from" in this context: "Trade routes extend from coasts to inland cities."

a)

Retreat from

b)

Span from

c)

Shrink from

d)

Contract from

34.

Which term is closest in meaning to "native to" in this context: "Crops native to ancient regions sustained populations."

a)

Imported to

b)

Indigenous to

c)

Foreign to

d)

Alien to

35.

Which term is closest in meaning to "emerge" in this context: "New artifacts emerge from recent excavations."

a)

A) Vanish

b)

B) Surface

c)

C) Disappear

d)

D) Fade

36.

Which term is closest in meaning to "sustain" in this context: "Irrigation sustained ancient agriculture in deserts."

a)

Destroy

b)

Maintain

c)

Weaken

d)

Undermine

37.

Which term is closest in meaning to "edible" in this context: "Edible plants supported ancient diets effectively."

a)

Toxic

b)

Consumable

c)

Inedible

d)

Poisonous

38.

Which term is closest in meaning to "indelible" in this context: "Ancient art leaves an indelible cultural mark."

a)

Temporary

b)

Permanent

c)

Fleeting

d)

Erasable

39.

Which term is closest in meaning to "grow locally" in this context: "Crops grown locally fed ancient communities."

a)

Shipped abroad

b)

Cultivated regionally

c)

Imported globally

d)

Transported far

40.

Which term is closest in meaning to "divert" in this context: "Canals divert water to ancient agricultural fields."

a)

Obstruct

b)

Redirect

c)

Block

d)

Stop

41.

Which term is closest in meaning to "water diverted from rivers" in this context: "Water diverted from rivers irrigated ancient crops."

a)

Stagnant water

b)

Channeled flow

c)

Blocked stream

d)

Still river

42.

Which term is closest in meaning to "irrigate" in this context: "Ancient systems irrigate arid lands for farming."

a)

Drain

b)

Water

c)

Dry

d)

Dehydrate

43.

Which term is closest in meaning to "trace" in this context: "Archaeologists trace ancient trade through artifacts."

a)

Erase

b)

Track

c)

Ignore

d)

Remove

44.

Which term is closest in meaning to "leverage" in this context: "Ancient societies leverage resources for construction."

a)

Waste

b)

Utilize

c)

Discard

d)

Squander

45.

Which term is closest in meaning to "stockpiling food supplies" in this context: "Stockpiling food supplies ensured ancient survival."

a)

Depleting reserves

b)

Amassing provisions

c)

Wasting food

d)

Discarding stocks

46.

Which term is closest in meaning to "fell into place" in this context: "Historical facts fell into place after new finds."

a)

Collapsed

b)

Came together

c)

Disintegrated

d)

Fell apart

47.

Which term is closest in meaning to "speculate" in this context: "Scholars speculate on ancient societal collapse."

a)

Prove

b)

Hypothesize

c)

Confirm

d)

Validate

48.

Which term is closest in meaning to "in exchange for" in this context: "Goods were traded in exchange for resources."

a)

Free of

b)

For

c)

Against

d)

Without payment

49.

Which term is closest in meaning to "in essence" in this context: "In essence, ancient cities were trade hubs."

a)

Superficially

b)

Fundamentally

c)

Partially

d)

Marginally

50.

Which term is closest in meaning to "readily available" in this context: "Readily available crops supported ancient growth."

a)

Scarce

b)

Easily accessible

c)

Rare

d)

Limited

51.

Which term is closest in meaning to "construction" in this context: "Ancient construction of temples showcases skill."

a)

Demolition

b)

Building

c)

Destruction

d)

Ruin

52.

Which term is closest in meaning to "the absence of" in this context: "The absence of records hinders historical study."

a)

Abundance of

b)

Lack of

c)

Presence of

d)

Surplus of

53.

Which term is closest in meaning to "pottery" in this context: "Pottery unearthed reveals ancient cultural practices."

a)

Metalwork

b)

Ceramics

c)

Glassware

d)

Woodcraft

54.

Which term is closest in meaning to "a clue" in this context: "Artifacts provide a clue to ancient lifestyles."

a)

Confusion

b)

Hint

c)

Mislead

d)

Error

55.

Which term is closest in meaning to "complicated structures" in this context: "Complicated structures reflect ancient ingenuity."

a)

Simple designs

b)

Intricate edifices

c)

Basic buildings

d)

Plain frameworks

56.

Which term is closest in meaning to "highly skilled" in this context: "Highly skilled artisans crafted ancient pottery."

a)

Novice

b)

Expert

c)

Untrained

d)

Amateur

57.

Which term is closest in meaning to "class distinctions" in this context: "Class distinctions shaped ancient city layouts."

a)

Uniformity

b)

Rank differences

c)

Equality

d)

Fairness

58.

Which term is closest in meaning to "residential areas" in this context: "Residential areas in ancient cities housed workers."

a)

Marketplaces

b)

Living quarters

c)

Industrial sites

d)

Commercial zones

59.

Which term is closest in meaning to "occur" in this context: "Crop failures occur in ancient arid regions."

a)

Stop

b)

Happen

c)

Prevent

d)

Avoid

60.

Which term is closest in meaning to "aid" in this context: "Excavations aid historical understanding of cultures."

a)

Hinder

b)

Assist

c)

Block

d)

Obstruct

61.

Which term is closest in meaning to "rock mounds" in this context: "Rock mounds mark ancient sacred sites."

a)

Flat plains

b)

Stone heaps

c)

Smooth hills

d)

Clear fields

62.

Which term is closest in meaning to "rise out of the desert" in this context: "Pyramids rise out of the desert, symbolizing power."

a)

Sink into the sand

b)

Emerge from the wasteland

c)

Fade into the plain

d)

Blend with the dunes

63.

Which term is closest in meaning to "coast" in this context: "Ancient cities on the coast thrived through trade."

a)

Inland

b)

Shoreline

c)

Mountain

d)

Valley

64.

Which term is closest in meaning to "geographical landscape" in this context: "The geographical landscape shaped ancient settlements."

a)

Urban skyline

b)

Topography

c)

City layout

d)

Building design

65.

Which term is closest in meaning to "squeezed" in this context: "Ancient cities were squeezed between rivers for resources."

a)

Expanded

b)

Compressed

c)

Scattered

d)

Spread

66.

Which term is closest in meaning to "the Pacific Ocean" in this context: "Trade across the Pacific Ocean connected ancient cultures."

a)

Inland lake

b)

Great Ocean

c)

Small sea

d)

Local river

67.

Which term is closest in meaning to "pyramids" in this context: "Pyramids reflect ancient architectural achievements."

a)

Huts

b)

Tombs

c)

Bridges

d)

Towers

68.

Which term is closest in meaning to "circular plazas" in this context: "Circular plazas hosted ancient cultural events."

a)

Narrow alleys

b)

Round squares

c)

Straight roads

d)

Small rooms

69.

Which term is closest in meaning to "pots and containers" in this context: "Pots and containers reveal ancient dietary habits."

a)

Tools

b)

Vessels

c)

Weapons

d)

Machines

70.

Which term is closest in meaning to "rubble and sand" in this context: "Rubble and sand cover ancient ruins, hiding history."

a)

Polished stone

b)

Debris

c)

Intact bricks

d)

Smooth tiles

71.

Which term is closest in meaning to "colored plaster" in this context: "Colored plaster on ancient walls shows artistic skill."

a)

Plain cement

b)

Painted stucco

c)

Bare wood

d)

Clear glass

72.

Which term is closest in meaning to "brickwork" in this context: "Ancient brickwork in temples endures centuries."

a)

Woodwork

b)

Masonry

c)

Metalwork

d)

Glasswork

73.

Which term is closest in meaning to "reeds" in this context: "Reeds were used in ancient roofing techniques."

a)

Stones

b)

Rushes

c)

Bricks

d)

Metals

74.

Which term is closest in meaning to "a nearby quarry" in this context: "Stone from a nearby quarry built ancient monuments."

a)

Distant mine

b)

Local pit

c)

Far lake

d)

Remote forest

75.

Which term is closest in meaning to "atop" in this context: "Temples atop ancient hills symbolized spiritual power."

a)

Below

b)

Upon

c)

Beside

d)

Within

76.

Which term is closest in meaning to "three terraced levels" in this context: "Pyramids with three terraced levels show design skill."

a)

Flat surfaces

b)

Stepped tiers

c)

Smooth slopes

d)

Single platforms

77.

Which term is closest in meaning to "architects" in this context: "Architects planned ancient city layouts meticulously."

a)

Laborers

b)

Designers

c)

Farmers

d)

Traders

78.

Which term is closest in meaning to "craftsmen" in this context: "Craftsmen carved intricate ancient pottery designs."

a)

Amateurs

b)

Artisans

c)

Scholars

d)

Merchants

79.

Which term is closest in meaning to "a large amphitheater" in this context: "A large amphitheater hosted ancient performances."

a)

Small room

b)

Grand arena

c)

Narrow hall

d)

Tiny stage

80.

Which term is closest in meaning to "the perimeter of" in this context: "Walls marked the perimeter of ancient cities."

a)

Center of

b)

Boundary of

c)

Inside of

d)

Middle of

81.

Which term is closest in meaning to "outlying dwellings" in this context: "Outlying dwellings housed ancient workers."

a)

Central homes

b)

Peripheral residences

c)

Urban flats

d)

Inner apartments

82.

Which term is closest in meaning to "in the first place" in this context: "Cities were built in the first place for trade."

a)

Finally

b)

Initially

c)

Lastly

d)

Eventually

83.

Which term is closest in meaning to "a trade center" in this context: "A trade center drove ancient economic growth."

a)

Farming village

b)

Commerce hub

c)

Quiet town

d)

Isolated settlement

84.

Which term is closest in meaning to "cocoa bush" in this context: "The cocoa bush was vital to ancient trade."

a)

Wheat plant

b)

Cacao shrub

c)

Rice crop

d)

Barley stalk

85.

Which term is closest in meaning to "necklaces of shells" in this context: "Necklaces of shells indicate ancient coastal trade."

a)

Metal chains

b)

Shell jewelry

c)

Stone rings

d)

Wooden beads

86.

Which term is closest in meaning to "priests and planners" in this context: "Priests and planners shaped ancient city designs."

a)

Farmers and traders

b)

Clergy and organizers

c)

Workers and laborers

d)

Merchants and scholars

87.

Which term is closest in meaning to "builders and designers" in this context: "Builders and designers crafted ancient monuments."

a)

Traders and farmers

b)

Constructors and planners

c)

Scholars and priests

d)

Laborers and merchants

88.

Which term is closest in meaning to "occupational specialization" in this context: "Occupational specialization enabled ancient societal growth."

a)

Job uniformity

b)

Task differentiation

c)

Role similarity

d)

Work equality

89.

Which term is closest in meaning to "elemental to" in this context: "Trade was elemental to ancient city prosperity."

a)

Irrelevant to

b)

Essential for

c)

Unrelated to

d)

Minor to

90.

Which term is closest in meaning to "squash, sweet potatoes" in this context: "Squash, sweet potatoes sustained ancient diets."

a)

Grains, rice

b)

Root vegetables

c)

Fruits, berries

d)

Nuts, seeds

91.

Which term is closest in meaning to "theorize" in this context: "Archaeologists theorize about ancient migration patterns."

a)

Confirm

b)

Speculate

c)

Prove

d)

Validate

92.

Which term is closest in meaning to "canals" in this context: "Canals irrigated ancient agricultural fields effectively."

a)

Roads

b)

Waterways

c)

Bridges

d)

Tunnels

93.

Which term is closest in meaning to "maize" in this context: "Maize was a staple in ancient agricultural systems."

a)

Wheat

b)

Corn

c)

Barley

d)

Rice

94.

Which term is closest in meaning to "crop failure" in this context: "Crop failure led to ancient societal decline."

a)

Harvest success

b)

Yield loss

c)

Crop surplus

d)

Farming gain

95.

Which term is closest in meaning to "seeds, fibers and textiles" in this context: "Seeds, fibers and textiles supported ancient trade."

a)

Tools, weapons

b)

Grains, threads, fabrics

c)

Metals, stones

d)

Crops, fruits

96.

Which term is closest in meaning to "unearthed" in this context: "Unearthed artifacts reveal ancient cultural practices."

a)

Buried

b)

Excavated

c)

Hidden

d)

Covered

97.

Which term is closest in meaning to "an unrelated dig" in this context: "An unrelated dig uncovered new ancient tools."

a)

Main excavation

b)

Separate excavation

c)

Primary dig

d)

Central unearthing

98.

Which term is closest in meaning to "fish nets" in this context: "Fish nets indicate ancient coastal economies."

a)

Farming tools

b)

Fishing meshes

c)

Hunting traps

d)

Building ropes

99.

Which term is closest in meaning to "shellfish" in this context: "Shellfish were key to ancient coastal diets."

a)

Fish

b)

Mollusks

c)

Plants

d)

Meat

100.

Which term is closest in meaning to "flotation devices" in this context: "Flotation devices aided ancient fishing practices."

a)

Sinking tools

b)

Buoys

c)

Heavy weights

d)

Anchors