Charlotte is hospitalized with influenza and is unable to take medications by mouth. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for her?

Stacey is a physician considering options for the treatment and prevention of seasonal influenza. She wants to choose a medication that is used for these purposes but is not considered first line therapy so she can save money for her patient. Which of the following should she consider?

Maya is a physician treating a patient with influenza who also has a history of COPD. She wants to avoid prescribing a medication that should not be used in patients with COPD/asthma and is contraindicated in those on mechanical ventilation. Which medication should Maya avoid?

Noah is a healthcare worker who needs to take prophylaxis for influenza. His doctor prescribes 75 mg PO daily. Which medication is Noah most likely taking?

Mia is prescribed 10 mg INH daily as prophylaxis. Which of the following medications is she taking?

Nigel is reviewing medications for preventing influenza in a community outbreak. Which of the following drugs is not used for chemoprophylaxis?

Nora is reviewing antiviral medications for influenza. She wants to know which medication has the same dosage for both chemoprophylaxis and treatment.

Sophia, a pharmacist, is reviewing antiviral medications for influenza. She recalls that one of the drugs should not be used in immunocompromised hosts, in patients hospitalized with influenza infection, pregnancy, or patients ≤ 5 years. Which medication is she thinking of?

Carla is a pharmacist reviewing antiviral medications for a patient with impaired kidney function. Which of the following medications require renal dose adjustment?

Emma is a pharmacist who needs to administer an antiviral medication to a patient who cannot take oral or inhaled drugs. She is looking for an option that is only available as an intravenous injection.

Sharlotte is reviewing antiviral medications and needs to identify which one is only available as an inhaled dosage form.

Olivia is a physician preparing for the upcoming flu season. She wants to stock up on the most used antiviral medication for prevention and treatment of influenza. Which medication should Olivia choose?

Michael is a hospitalized patient with COVID-19 who now requires supplemental oxygen. What is the first-line therapy recommended for him?

Ollie is a physician treating outpatients and hospitalized patients who do not require supplemental oxygen. She is considering which medication would not be beneficial in these cases.

After being discharged from the hospital following treatment for COVID-19, Ethan is reviewing his medications with his doctor. Which of the following should not be prescribed to Ethan after hospital discharge?

Ava is prescribed a medication for her condition. The dosing should be 6mg PO QD for 10 days. Which medication is Ava most likely taking?

Mike, a patient in the hospital, develops hyperglycemia, an infection, and neuropsychiatric symptoms such as delirium and psychosis after starting a new medication. Which of the following drugs is most likely responsible for these adverse effects?

Priya is a nonhospitalized adult with risk factors for severe disease and has developed symptoms within the past 7 days. Which of the following may be used in her case?

Mandy is a hospitalized patient who is not on oxygen but has risk factors for severe disease progression. Which of the following may be used in his case?

Daniel is a hospitalized patient who is on supplemental oxygen but not mechanically ventilated. Which of the following medications may be used in his case?

Grace is a pharmacist reviewing medications for COVID-19 treatment. She needs to select a drug that is only available as an intravenous dosage form. Which one should she choose?

Elijah is reviewing medications for a patient with renal dysfunction. He notices that one of the drugs contains sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin sodium (SBECD), which can accumulate in patients with impaired kidney function, though the clinical significance is unclear. Which medication is Elijah most likely reviewing?

Norah, a nonhospitalized adult with symptomatic COVID-19 and risk factors for disease progression, presents within 5 days of symptom onset. What is the first-line treatment option for him?

Greg is being considered for a new medication to treat her condition. Her doctor is concerned about drug-drug interactions and wants to carefully evaluate her current medications for potential interactions before prescribing. Which of the following medications is most associated with this concern?

Luna is started on a medication for treatment, but after a couple of days, she requires hospitalization. According to guidelines, the full 5-day treatment course of this medication should be completed unless there are drug-drug interactions that preclude its use. Which medication is Luna most likely receiving?

Greta is a nonhospitalized adult with symptomatic COVID-19, has risk factors for disease progression, and presents within 5 days of symptom onset. According to NIH guidelines, which medication is recommended for her if she cannot use the preferred agents?

Marla is a physician treating a pregnant patient with COVID-19. She is considering different antiviral medications but is concerned about the risk of mutagenesis in pregnancy. Which of the following should she avoid using in this patient?

David, a 16-year-old patient, is being considered for treatment of a viral infection. The doctor is cautious about prescribing a certain medication due to concerns about bone and cartilage toxicity in patients under 18 years old. Which medication should the doctor avoid?

Oliver is a patient receiving dexamethasone and is experiencing rapidly increasing oxygen needs and systemic inflammation (CRP > 75 mg/dL). Alternatively, consider if he is within the first 24 hours of ICU admission, or is on mechanical ventilation (regardless of systemic inflammation). Which of the following medications are appropriate to consider in addition to dexamethasone in this scenario?

Arjun is hospitalized with acute VTE and has severe renal dysfunction, making him unable to receive pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis. Which drug is preferred over another in this situation?

Patricia, a patient with a history of rheumatoid arthritis, is being considered for a new medication. Her doctor warns her about potential adverse effects such as infection and gastrointestinal perforation. Which medication is most likely associated with these adverse effects?

Jackson is hospitalized with severe COVID-19 and is being considered for various treatments. The medical team is discussing whether pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis should be given concomitantly with one of the following medications. Which medication requires this precaution?

Allie is a clinician considering treatment options for a patient with COVID-19. She knows that one of the medications should be avoided in subjects with high bleeding risk or severe renal impairment. Which medication is it?

Maddie, a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, is being considered for a new medication. Her doctor discusses potential adverse effects, including infection, VTE, and GI perforation. Which medication is most likely being considered?

Aria is reviewing medications for a patient with impaired kidney function. She needs to identify which of the following medications require renal dose adjustment.

Katie has been prescribed 400 mg PO twice daily for chronic suppressive HSV therapy. Which medication is Kai most likely taking?

Melissa, a 52-year-old patient diagnosed with shingles, is prescribed 800 mg PO five times daily for 7 days. Which medication is Ava most likely taking?

Jodie is a physician treating patients with primary and secondary HSV infection as well as primary and secondary VZV infection. She wants to know which medications are considered first-line therapy for these conditions.

Jenna, a patient receiving an antiviral medication via IV, develops crystalline nephropathy and experiences phlebitis and injection site reactions. Which medication is most likely responsible for these adverse effects?

Sarah is prescribed an antiviral medication, and her doctor mentions that its oral bioavailability (10-30%) decreases with increasing doses. Which medication is Abigail most likely taking?

Jessica is a pharmacist counseling a patient about antiviral medications. She explains that some medications are only effective against viruses that are actively replicating. Which of the following drugs should Mia mention as being effective only against replicating virus?

Julie has been diagnosed with chronic HSV and her doctor prescribes her a medication at a dose of 500-1000 mg PO daily for suppressive therapy. Which medication is most likely being prescribed?

Tyra, a 45-year-old patient, is diagnosed with shingles. Her doctor prescribes her a medication at a dose of 1000 mg PO three times daily for 7 days. Which of the following medications is Emma most likely taking?

Crystal is a pharmacist who is reviewing antiviral medications. She comes across a drug described as the L-valyl ester of acyclovir, which is known for its enhanced bioavailability (70%). Which medication is Olivia reading about?

Abigail has been diagnosed with shingles. Her doctor prescribes her a medication with the following dosing instructions: 500 mg PO three times daily for 7 days. Which of the following medications is Abigail most likely prescribed?

Heather is a pharmacist counseling a patient who needs an oral prodrug of penciclovir for herpes zoster. Which of the following medications should she recommend?

Gayla, who has a history of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, experiences a recurrence of her symptoms. Which of the following medications can be used for episodic treatment of her secondary HSV infection?

Jacob is studying antiviral medications and comes across two drugs. One has a longer intracellular half-life but a lower affinity for HSV DNA polymerase compared to acyclovir. Which of the following drugs could Maya be reading about?

Ronnie is reviewing antiviral medications and wants to know which one is only available as a topical dosage form.

Isla visits her doctor because she frequently experiences cold sores. Her doctor recommends a medication that is used only for episodic treatment of secondary herpes labialis. Which of the following medications is the doctor most likely to prescribe?

Roger visits his local pharmacy looking for a medication that he can purchase without a prescription. Which of the following is available as an over-the-counter medication?

Genia is a pharmacist reviewing antiviral medications for a patient with impaired kidney function. Which of the following medications requires renal dose adjustment?

Sondra is a pharmacist who is counseling a patient about medications for viral infections. He explains that one of the options is not virucidal and is not considered a true antiviral agent. Which medication is Liam referring to?

Martin is a physician treating patients with drug-resistant CMV, HSV, and VZV infections. She needs to select medications that are reserved for use in these resistant cases.

Rob is being treated for a viral infection and develops nephrotoxicity, anemia, neutropenia, and alopecia as adverse effects. Which medication is most likely responsible for these side effects?

Lily is a pharmacist who is reviewing antiviral medications for a patient who struggles with daily dosing. She wants to choose a drug with a long intracellular half-life that allows for weekly dosing. Which medication should she consider?

Anika is a pharmacist reviewing antiviral medications for a patient who cannot take oral medications. She needs to select drugs that are only available as parenteral dosage forms. Which of the following should Anika consider?

Lyndsey is about to receive an antiviral infusion and his doctor prescribes Probenecid 2 g three hours before and 1 g two and eight hours after each infusion to reduce the risk of nephrotoxicity. Which medication is Liam most likely receiving?

Molly is reviewing antiviral medications for a patient with a viral infection. He needs to select drugs that are only effective against replicating viruses. Which of the following medications should Elijah consider?

Jenny, a patient being treated for a viral infection, develops nephrotoxicity and symptomatic electrolyte disturbances as adverse effects. Which of the following medications is most likely responsible for these side effects?

Jennifer, a patient diagnosed with a cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, needs to start treatment. Which of the following drugs are considered the drugs of choice for CMV infections?

Henry, a patient undergoing antiviral therapy, develops myelosuppression (dose-dependent, reversible), confusion, and convulsions. Which of the following medications is most likely responsible for these adverse effects?

Sammy, a medical resident, is reviewing antiviral medications for CMV infections. He notes that one drug is not as effective of an inhibitor of CMV polymerase as acyclovir triphosphate, but its longer intracellular half-life and higher concentrations make it a more effective inhibitor in vivo. Which drug is Samuel most likely referring to?

Jameson is a pharmacist who needs to prepare a medication that is available as a powder or solution for injection and as an ophthalmic gel. Which of the following drugs fits this description?

Aiden is being treated for a viral infection. His doctor explains that some antiviral medications are only effective against viruses that are actively replicating. Which of the following drugs would be effective only against replicating virus?

Mason is reviewing medications for a patient with impaired kidney function. Which of the following drugs requires renal dosing adjustment?

Carissa is studying antiviral medications and comes across a drug that is the valine ester of ganciclovir and has higher bioavailability. Which drug is Daniel learning about?

Donald is reviewing antiviral medications and needs to prescribe one that is only available as an oral dosage form. Which of the following should he choose?

Darrel is a CMV-seropositive patient who recently underwent a hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Which of the following is recommended for CMV prophylaxis in his case?

Danny is being treated for CMV infection but is concerned about the risk of myelosuppression associated with some antiviral medications. Which of the following drugs avoids the myelosuppressive effects of ganciclovir?

Malia is a pharmacist who needs to provide a medication that is available as both an intravenous solution and an oral tablet. Which of the following drugs should she choose?

Samuel, a patient with renal failure, is being considered for intravenous antiviral therapy. The medical team is concerned about the accumulation of the intravenous vehicle hydroxypropyl betadex in his condition. Which of the following medications should they be cautious about due to this risk?

Edgar is being treated for a drug-resistant CMV infection. Her doctor is considering medications that are reserved for use in drug-resistant CMV, HSV, and VZV infections. Which of the following drugs might her doctor prescribe?

Zoe is being treated for a viral infection and develops nephrotoxicity, anemia, neutropenia, and alopecia as adverse effects. Which of the following medications is most likely responsible?

James is being treated for a viral infection and develops nephrotoxicity and symptomatic electrolyte disturbances as adverse effects. Which of the following medications is most likely responsible?

Evan is a pharmacist who is reviewing antiviral medications for a patient who has difficulty adhering to daily dosing schedules. She wants to choose a drug with a long intracellular half-life that allows for weekly dosing.

Erma is a pharmacist reviewing antiviral medications for a patient who cannot take oral medications. She needs to select drugs that are only available as parenteral dosage forms.

Liam is scheduled to receive an antiviral infusion and his doctor prescribes probenecid 2 g three hours before and 1 g two and eight hours after each infusion to reduce nephrotoxicity. For which of the following medications is this regimen recommended?