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Kidney Anatomy and Physiology Quiz

Total questions: 39

Worksheet time: 20mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The external layer of the kidney that provides protection and support is the:

a)

Renal Medulla

b)

Renal Cortex

c)

Renal Capsule

d)

Papillary Duct

2.

The renal hilum serves as the entry/exit point for all except:

a)

Ureter

b)

Renal Vein

c)

Loop of Henle

d)

Renal Artery

3.

The renal medulla primarily contains:

a)

Renal corpuscles

b)

Renal pyramids

c)

Glomeruli

d)

Distal convoluted tubules

4.

The vasa recta is primarily associated with:

a)

Cortical nephrons

b)

Juxtamedullary nephrons

c)

Renal pelvis

d)

Proximal tubule

5.

The papilla of each pyramid empties into the:

a)

Renal capsule

b)

Renal hilum

c)

Urethra

d)

Minor calyx

6.

The renal corpuscle includes all except:

a)

Glomerulus

b)

Bowman's capsule

c)

Proximal convoluted tubule

d)

Loop of Henle

7.

The macula densa is located at the:

a)

Proximal tubule

b)

Glomerulus

c)

Transition of ascending limb to distal tubule

d)

Loop of Henle

8.

Which structure secretes mucus to protect the ureter?

a)

Muscularis

b)

Goblet cells in mucosa

c)

Adventitia

d)

Transitional epithelium

9.

The detrusor muscle is found in the:

a)

Ureter

b)

Urinary bladder

c)

Renal pelvis

d)

Prostate

10.

Approximate renal blood flow is:

a)

600 mL/min

b)

900 mL/min

c)

1200 mL/min

d)

1400 mL/min

11.

The segmental arteries branch into:

a)

Arcuate arteries

b)

Vasa recta

c)

Interlobar arteries

d)

Glomerular arterioles

12.

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in females is approximately:

a)

85 mL/min

b)

95 mL/min

c)

105 mL/min

d)

120 mL/min

13.

The Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) in glomerular filtration is:

a)

5 mmHg

b)

10 mmHg

c)

15 mmHg

d)

20 mmHg

14.

The filtration membrane restricts:

a)

Large plasma proteins

b)

Urea

c)

Glucose

d)

Water

15.

Glomerular capillaries are described as:

a)

Continuous and tight

b)

Fenestrated and leaky

c)

Sinusoidal

d)

Impermeable

16.

The renal parenchyma includes:

a)

Calyces and pelvis

b)

Cortex and pyramids

c)

Medulla and capsule

d)

Pelvis and ureter

17.

ADH acts mainly on the:

a)

Proximal tubule

b)

Glomerulus

c)

Collecting duct

d)

Bowman's capsule

18.

Reabsorption of water from filtrate is passive via:

a)

Diffusion

b)

Osmosis

c)

Endocytosis

d)

Active transport

19.

Major site of reabsorption of glucose is:

a)

DCT

b)

Collecting duct

c)

PCT

d)

Loop of Henle

20.

The intercalated cells in DCT secrete:

a)

Glucose

b)

H⁺ ions

c)

Creatinine

d)

Bicarbonate

21.

Which hormone increases H⁺ secretion via intercalated cells?

a)

ADH

b)

Aldosterone

c)

Calcitonin

d)

PTH

22.

Bicarbonate reabsorption helps to:

a)

Lower blood pH

b)

Raise blood pH

c)

Increase urine acidity

d)

Decrease osmolarity

23.

Facultative water reabsorption is regulated by:

a)

Aldosterone

b)

Angiotensin II

c)

ADH

d)

Renin

24.

Which part is impermeable to water?

a)

Descending limb of Loop of Henle

b)

PCT

c)

Ascending limb of Loop of Henle

d)

Collecting duct (under ADH)

25.

The countercurrent multiplier is located in:

a)

Renal cortex

b)

Loop of Henle (juxtamedullary)

c)

Bowman's capsule

d)

Renal pelvis

26.

The countercurrent exchanger functions in:

a)

Tubules

b)

Glomeruli

c)

Loop of Henle

d)

Vasa recta

27.

Urea recycling primarily occurs in the:

a)

PCT

b)

Ascending limb

c)

Inner medullary collecting duct

d)

Renal pelvis

28.

A medullary osmotic gradient increases from:

a)

100 to 200 mOsm

b)

300 to 1200 mOsm

c)

50 to 400 mOsm

d)

150 to 750 mOsm

29.

UT-A1 transporter is found on the:

a)

Basolateral membrane

b)

Apical membrane

c)

Proximal tubule

d)

Interstitium

30.

Purpose of urea recycling is to:

a)

Decrease osmolarity

b)

Concentrate urine

c)

Remove nitrogen faster

d)

Increase GFR

31.

Dilute urine formation occurs with:

a)

Increased ADH

b)

Decreased ADH

c)

Increased aldosterone

d)

Increased sodium

32.

The internal urethral sphincter is made of:

a)

Skeletal muscle

b)

Smooth muscle

c)

Cardiac muscle

d)

Elastic tissue

33.

The external urethral sphincter is composed of:

a)

Smooth muscle

b)

Transitional epithelium

c)

Skeletal muscle

d)

Involuntary muscle

34.

Average bladder capacity in adults is:

a)

400-500 mL

b)

700-800 mL

c)

1000 mL

d)

1200 mL

35.

Micturition reflex begins when bladder volume exceeds:

a)

100 mL

b)

150 mL

c)

200-400 mL

d)

500 mL

36.

Pontine micturition center is located in the:

a)

Cerebellum

b)

Medulla

c)

Pons

d)

Midbrain

37.

During urination, the detrusor muscle:

a)

Relaxes

b)

Contracts

c)

Inhibits signals

d)

Dilates

38.

Signals from bladder reach brain via:

a)

Hypothalamus

b)

Thalamus

c)

Medulla

d)

Cerebellum

39.

The mucosa of ureters is made of:

a)

Stratified squamous

b)

Simple columnar

c)

Transitional epithelium

d)

Pseudostratified columnar

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