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WorksheetsISTQB Foundation Test
Total questions: 109
Worksheet time: 38mins
We split testing into distinct stages primarily because:
Each testing stage has a different purpose
It is easier to manage testing by each stage
We can perform different tests in different environments
The more stages, the better the testing
Which of the following is likely to benefit most from the use of test tools providing test capture and replay facilities?
Regression testing
Integration testing
System testing
User acceptance testing
Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
A minimal test set that achives 100% LCSAJ coverage will also achieve 100% branch coverage
A minimal test set that achives 100% path coverage will also achieve 100% statement coverage
A minimal test set that achives 100% path coverage will generally detect more faults than one achieves 100% statement coverage
A minimal test set that achives 100% path coverage will generally detect more faults than one achieves 100% branch coverage
Analyze the following highly simplified procedure:
Ask: "What type of ticket do you require, single or return?"
IF the customer wants 'return'
Ask: "What rate, Standard or Cheap-day?"
IF the customer replies 'Cheap-day'
Say: "That will be $11:20"
ELSE
Say: "That will be $19:50"
ENDIF
ELSE
Say: "That will be $9:75"
ENDIF
Now decide the minimum number of tests that are needed to ensure that all
the questions have been asked, all combinations have occurred and all
replies given
3
4
5
6
Error guessing:
Supplements formal test design techniques
Can only be used in component, integration and system testing
Is only performed in user acceptance testing
Is not repeatable and should not be used
A Test Plan Outline contains which of the following
i. Test Items
ii. Test Scripts
iii. Test Deliverables
iv. Responsibilities
i, ii, iii are true and iv is false
i, iii, iv are true and ii is false
ii, iii are true and i, iv is false
i, ii are true and iii, iv is false
Which of the following is NOT true of test coverage criteria?
Test coverage criteria can be measured in terms of items exercised by a test suite
A measure of test coverage criteria is the percentage of user requirements covered
A measure of test coverage criteria is the percentage of faults found
Test coverage criteria are often used when specifying test completion criteria
In prioritizing what to test the most important objective is to:
Find as many faults as possible
Test high risk areas
Obtain good test coverage
Test whatever is easiest to test
Given the following sets of test management terms (v-z), and activity descriptions (1-5), which one of the following best pairs the two sets?
v - test control
w - test monitoring
x - test estimation
y - incident management
z - configuration control
1 - calculation of required test resources
2 - maintenance of record of test results
3 - re-allocation of resources when tests overrun
4 - report on deviation from test plan
5 - tracking of anomalous test results
v-3, w-2, x-1, y-5, z- 4
v-2, w-5, x-1, y-4, z- 3
v-3, w-4, x-1, y-5, z- 2
v-2, w-1, x-4, y-3, z- 5
Which one of the following statements about system testing is NOT true?
System tests are often performed by independent teams
Functional testing is used more than structural testing
Faults found during system tests can be very expensive to fix
End-users should be involved in system tests
Which of the following is false?
Incidents should always be fixed
An incident occurs when expected and actual results differ
Incidents can be analyzed to assist in test process improvement
An incident can be raised against documentation
Enough testing has been performed when:
Time runs out
The required level of confidence has been achieved
No more faults are found
The users won't find any serious faults
Which of the following is NOT true of incidents?
Incident resolution is the responsibility of the author of the software under test
Incidents may be raised against user requirements
Incidents require investigation and/or correction
Incidents are raised when expected and actual results differ
Which of the following is not described in a unit test standard?
Syntax testing
Equivalence partitioning
Stress testing
Decision coverage
Which of the following is false?
In a system two different failures may have different severities
A system is necessarily more reliable after debugging for the removal of a fault
A fault need not affect the reliability of a system
Undetected errors may lead to faults and eventually to incorrect behavior
Which one of the following statements, about capture-replay tools, is NOT correct?
They are used to support multi-user testing
They are used to capture and animate user requirements
They are the most frequently purchased types of CAST tool
They are capture aspects of user behavior
How would you estimate the amount of re-testing likely to be required?
Metrics from previous similar projects
Discussions with the development team
Time allocated for regression testing
a & b
Which of the following is true of the V-model?
It states that modules are tested against user requirements
It only models the testing phase
It specifies the test techniques to be used
It includes the verification of designs
The oracle assumption:
Is that there is some existing system against which test output maybe checked
Is that the tester can routinely identify the correct outcome of a test
Is that the tester knows everything about the software under test
Is that the tests are reviewed by experienced testers
Which of the following characterizes the cost of faults?
They are cheapest to find in the early development phases and the most expensive to fix in the latest test phases
They are easiest to find during system testing but the most expensive to fix then
Faults are cheapest to find in the early development phases but the most expensive to fix then
Although faults are most expensive to find during early development phases, they are cheapest to fix then
Which of the following should NOT normally be an objective for a test?
To find faults in the software
To assess whether the software is ready for release
To demonstrate that the software doesn't work
To prove that the software is correct
Which of the following is a form of functional testing?
Boundary value analysis
Usability testing
Performance testing
Security testing
Which of the following would NOT normally form part of a test plan?
Features to be tested
Incident reports
Risks
Schedule
Which of these activities provides the biggest potential cost saving from the use of CAST?
Test management
Test design
Test execution
Test planning
Which of the following is NOT a white box technique?
Statement testing
Path testing
Data flow testing
State transition testing
Data flow analysis studies
Possible communications bottlenecks in a program
The rate of change of data values as a program executes
The use of data on paths through the code
The intrinsic complexity of the code
In a system designed to work out the tax to be paid:
An employee has $4000 of salary tax free. The next $1500 is taxed at 10%
The next $28000 is taxed at 22%
Any further amount is taxed at 40%
To the nearest whole dollar, which of these is a valid Boundary Value Analysis test case?
$1,500
$32,001
$33,501
$28,000
An important benefit of code inspections is that they:
Enable the code to be tested before the execution environment is ready
Can be performed by the person who wrote the code
Can be performed by inexperienced staff
Are cheap to perform
Which of the following is the best source of Expected Outcomes for User Acceptance Test scripts
Actual results
Program specification
User requirements
System specification
What is the main difference between a walkthrough and an inspection?
An inspection is lead by the author, whilst a walkthrough is lead by a trained moderator
An inspection has a trained leader, whilst a walkthrough has no leader
Authors are not present during inspections, whilst they are during walkthroughs
A walkthrough is lead by the author, whilst an inspection is lead by a trained moderator
Which one of the following describes the major benefit of verification early in the life cycle?
It allows the identification of changes in user requirements
It facilitates timely set up of the test environment
It reduces defect multiplication
It allows tester to become involved early in the project
Integration testing :
Tests the individual components that have been developed
Tests interactions between modules or subsystems
Only uses components that form part of the live system
Tests interfaces to other systems
Static analysis is best described as:
The analysis of batch programs
The reviewing of test plans
The analysis of program code
The use of black box testing
Alpha testing is
Post-release testing by end user representatives at the developer's site
The first testing that is performed
Pre-release testing by end user representatives at the developer's site
Pre-release testing by end user representatives at their site
A failure is:
Found in the software; the result of an error
Departure from specified behavior
An incorrect step, process or data definition in a computer program
A human action that produces an incorrect result
In a system designed to work out the tax to be paid:
An employee has $4000 of salary tax free. The next $1500 is taxed at 10%
The next $28000 is taxed at 22%
Any further amount is taxed at 40%
Which of these groups of numbers would fall into the same equivalence class?
$4800; $14000; $28000
$5200; $5500; $28000
$28001; $32000; $35000
$5800; $28000; $32000
The most important thing about early test design is that it:
Makes test preparation easier
Means inspections are not required
Can prevent fault multiplication
Will find all faults
Which of the following statements about reviews is false?
Reviews cannot be performed on user requirements specifications
Reviews are the least effective way of testing code
Reviews are unlikely to find faults in test plans
Reviews should be performed on specifications, code, and test plans
Test Implementation and execution has which of the following major tasks?
i. Developing and prioritizing test cases, creating test data, writing test procedures and optionally preparing the test harnesses and writing automated test scripts.
ii. Creating the test suite from the test cases for efficient test execution.
iii. Verifying that the test environment has been set up correctly.
iv. Determining the exit criteria.
i, ii, iii are true and iv false
i, iii, iv are true and ii false
i, ii are true and iii, iv false
ii,iii,iv are true and i false
A configuration management system would NOT normally provide:
Linkage of customer requirements to version numbers
Facility to compare test results with expected results
The precise differences in versions of software component source code
Restrict access to the source code library
Which of the following is the odd one out?
White box
Glass box
Structural
Functional
In an Examination a candidate has to score minimum of 24 marks in order to clear the exam. The maximum that he can score is 40 marks. Identify the Valid Equivalence values if the student clears the exam.
22-23-26
21-39-40
23-24-41
0-15-22
Evaluating testability of the requirements and system are a part of which phase:
Test Analysis and Design
Test Planning and control
Test Implementation and execution
Evaluating exit criteria and reporting
Which of the following has highest level of independence in which test cases are :
Designed by persons who write the software under test
Designed by a person from a different unit/group in the same organization
Designed by a person from a different organization
Designed by another person
We use the output of the requirement analysis, the requirement specification as the input for writing
User Acceptance Test Cases
Integration Level Test Cases
Unit Level Test Cases
Program specifications
Which of the following uses Impact Analysis most?
Component testing
Non-functional system testing
User acceptance testing
Maintenance testing
Repeated Testing of an already tested program, after modification, to discover any defects introduced or uncovered as a result of the changes in the software being tested or in another related or unrelated software component:
Re-Testing
Confirmation Testing
Regression Testing
Negative Testing
Functional system testing is:
Testing that the system functions with other systems
Testing that the components that comprise the system functions together
Testing the end to end functionality of the system as a whole
Testing the system performs functions within specified response times
The Kick Off phase of a formal review includes the following
Explaining the objective
Fixing defects found typically done by author
Follow up
Individual Meeting preparations
Match every stage of the software Development Life cycle with the Testing Life cycle:
i. Hi-level design
ii. Code
iii. Low-level design
iv. Business requirements
a Unit tests
b Acceptance tests
c System tests
d Integration tests
i-d, ii-a, iii-c, iv-b
i-c, ii-d, iii-a, iv-b
i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c
i-c, ii-a, iii-d, iv-b
Which of the following techniques is NOT a black box technique?
State transition testing
LCSAJ (Linear Code Sequence and Jump)
Syntax testing
Boundary value analysis
Success Factors for a review include:
i. Each Review does not have a predefined objective
ii. Defects found are welcomed and expressed objectively
iii. Management supports a good review process.
iv. There is an emphasis on learning and process improvement.
ii, iii, iv are correct and i is incorrect
iii, i, iv are correct and ii is incorrect
i, iii, iv, ii is in correct
ii is incorrect
Defects discovered by static analysis tools include
i. Variables that are never used.
ii. Security vulnerabilities.
iii. Programming Standard Violations
iv. Uncalled functions and procedures
i, ii, iii, iv is correct
iii is correct (No Suggestions) are incorrect
i, ii, iii and iv are incorrect
iv, ii is correct
Test Conditions are derived from
Specifications
Test Cases
Test Data
Test Design
Which of the following is true about White and Black Box Testing Technique:
Equivalence partitioning, Decision Table and Control flow are White box Testing Techniques
Equivalence partitioning, Boundary Value Analysis, Data Flow are Black Box Testing Techniques
Equivalence partitioning, State Transition, Use Case Testing are black box Testing Techniques
Equivalence partitioning, State Transition, Use Case Testing and Decision Table are White Box Testing Techniques
Benefits of Independent Testing
Independent testers are much more qualified than Developers
Independent testers see other and different defects and are unbiased
Independent testers cannot identify defects
Independent testers can test better than developers
Minimum Tests Required for 100% Statement Coverage and Branch Coverage:
Read P
Read Q
If P+Q > 100 then
Print "Large"
End if
If P > 50 then
Print "pLarge"
End if
Statement coverage is 2, Branch Coverage is 2
Statement coverage is 3 and branch Coverage is 2
Statement coverage is 1 and branch Coverage is 2
Statement coverage is 4 and branch Coverage is 2
Minimum Test Required for Statement Coverage:
Disc = 0
Order-qty = 0
Read Order-qty
If Order-qty >=20 then
Disc = 0.05
If Order-qty >=100 then
Disc =0.1
End if
End if
Statement coverage is 4
Statement coverage is 1
Statement coverage is 3
Statement coverage is 2
The structure of an incident report is covered in the Standard for Software Test Documentation IEEE 829 and is called as:
Anomaly Report
Defect Report
Test Defect Report
Test Incident Report
Which of the following is the task of a Test Lead / Leader
i. Interaction with the Test Tool Vendor to identify best ways to leverage test tool on the project.
ii. Write Test Summary Reports based on the information gathered during testing
iii. Decide what should be automated , to what degree and how.
iv. Create the Test Specifications
i, ii, iii is true and iv is false
ii, iii, iv is true and i is false
i is true and ii, iii, iv are false
iii and iv is correct and i and ii are incorrect
Features of White Box Testing Technique:
i. We use explicit knowledge of the internal workings of the item being tested to select the test data.
ii. Uses specific knowledge of programming code to examine outputs and assumes that the tester knows the path of logic in a unit or a program.
iii. Checking for the performance of the application
iv. Also checks for functionality.
i, ii are true and iii and iv are false
iii is true and i, ii, iv are false
ii, iii is true and i, iv is false
iii and iv are true and i, ii are false
Which of the following is a part of Test Closure Activities?
i. Checking which planned deliverables have been delivered
ii. Defect report analysis.
iii. Finalizing and archiving testware.
iv. Analyzing lessons.
i, ii, iv are true and iii is false
i, ii, iii are true and iv is false
i, iii, iv are true and ii is false
All of above are true
Which of the following will be the best definition for Testing:
The goal/purpose of testing is to demonstrate that the program works
The purpose of testing is to demonstrate that the program is defect free
The purpose of testing is to demonstrate that the program does what it is supposed to do
Testing is executing Software for the purpose of finding defects
Component Testing is also called as:
i. Unit Testing
ii. Program Testing
iii. Module Testing
iv. System Component Testing .
i, ii, iii are true and iv is false
i, ii, iii, iv are false
i, ii, iv are true and iii is false
All of above is true
Which of the following is not a type of incremental testing approach?
Top down
Big-bang
Bottom up
Functional increment
Drivers are also known as:
i. Spade
ii. Test harness
iii. Scaffolding
i, ii are true and iii is false
i, iii are true and ii is false
ii, iii are true and i is false
All of the above are true
Exit Criteria may consist of:
i. Thoroughness measures , such as coverage of code, functionality or risk
ii. Estimates of Defect density or reliability measures.
iii. Residual risk such as defects not fixed or lack of test coverage in certain areas
iv. Verifying the Test Environment.
iv is correct and i, ii, iii are incorrect
i, ii, iii is correct and iv is incorrect
ii is correct and i, iii, iv are incorrect
iii and iv are correct and i, ii are incorrect
Which of the following helps in monitoring the Test Progress:
i. Percentage of Test Case Execution
ii. Percentage of work done in test environment preparation.
iii. Defect Information e.g. defect density, defects found and fixed
iv. The size of the testing Team and skills of the engineers
iv is correct and i, ii, ii are incorrect
i, ii, iii are correct and iv is incorrect
i, ii are correct and iii, iv are incorrect
i, iv are correct and ii, iii are incorrect
The selection of a test approach should consider the context:
i. Risk of Failure of the Project, hazards to the product and risks of product failure to humans
ii. Skills and experience of the people in the proposed technique, tools and methods
iii. The objective of the testing endeavor and the mission of the testing team.
iv. The size of the testing Team
i, ii, iii, iv are true
ii, iii, iv are true and i is false
i, ii, iii are true and iv is false
i, iv are true and ii, iii are false
In case of Large Systems:
Only few tests should be run
Testing should be on the basis of Risk
Only Good Test Cases should be executed
Test Cases written by good test engineers should be executed
The Provision and Management of a controlled library containing all the configurations items is called as
Configuration Control
Status Accounting
Configuration Identification
Test Planning
Link Testing is also called as
Component Integration Testing
Component System Testing
Component Sub System Testing
Maintenance testing
An input field takes the year of birth between 1900 and 2004.The boundary values for testing this field are:
0-1900-2004-2005
1900-2004
1899-1900-2004-2000
1899-1900 1901-2003 2004-2005
Which of the following tools would be involved in the automation of regression test?
Data tester
Boundary tester
Capture/Playback
Output comparator
Which of the following is not a quality characteristic listed in ISO 9126 Standard?
Functionality
Usability
Supportability
Maintainability
To test a function: the programmer has to write a _________, which calls the function to be tested and passes it test data.
Stub
Driver
Proxy
None of the above
Fault Masking is
Error condition hiding another error condition
Creating a test case which does not reveal a fault
Masking a fault by developer
Masking a fault by tester
One Key reason why developers have difficulty testing their own work is:
Lack of technical documentation
Lack of test tools on the market for developers
Lack of training
Lack of Objectivity
Given the Following program
IF X = Z
THEN Statement 2;
END
McCabe’s Cyclomatic Complexity is:
2
3
4
5
Verification involves which of the following:
i. Helps to check the Quality of the built product
ii. Helps to check that we have built the right product.
iii. Helps in developing the product
iv. Monitoring tool wastage and obsoleteness.
Options i, ii, iii, iv are true
i is true and ii, iii, iv are false
i, ii, iii are true and iv is false
ii is true and i, ii, iv are false
You need to know how your system might respond to large numbers of simulate users. Which of the following tool sets may be the most useful for this purpose?
Test replay tool and bug tracking tool
Static analysis tool and capture/ playback tool
Test design tool and requirements capture tool
Load tool and monitoring tool
Questions about " Test Management" : What is a typical task for a tester?
Plan the tests
Write a test strategy
Write test summary reports
Review tests developed by others
Priorities your tests to:
Get the areas the programmer is most worried about finished first
Get finished within the time and budget available
Ensure that when you stop you have done the best tests in the time available
To ensure as many tests as possible are run
Which one of the following examples describes a typical benefit of static analysis supported by tools?
Static analysis supported by tools prevents business analysts and requirement engineers building software models (e.g. state transition diagrams), which do not match the requirements
Static analysis supported by tools may find defects prior to manual test execution
By using static analysis tools user acceptance testing can be shortened because the users need to execute less tests
By performing static analysis of the code supported by tools the need for the developers doing unit testing is decreased
In a boiler maintenance logging and booking control system, the code to decide whether the boiler is due for a service and add it to the list is written as:
If today-date-last-service-date > 15 months
Then add boiler-number to service-listing-report
Endif
How many tests to give 100% statement coverage and tests to give 100% decision coverage?
1 statement test and 4 decision tests
2 statement tests and 4 decision tests
1 statement test and 3 decision tests
1 statement test and 2 decision tests
Which of the following is a black-box testing technique?
Condition Testing
Multiple Condition Testing
Statement Testing
State Transition Testing
What state about static analysis is true. . .
Compiling is not a form of static analysis
When properly performed, it makes functional testing redundant
With static analysis defects can be found, that are difficult to find with dynamic testing
Will find all defects
Questions about : "Dynamic testing"
A specification says: "If the fossil is Jurassic in origin then it must be catalogued under Mesozoic post Triassic and cross referred to oolitic limestone. If it is a tooth, then it must be catalogued under Dental remains".
The tester analyses this for decision table testing and finds the following conditions and actions:
C1 : Jurassic
C2: tooth
Al : Catalogue as Mesozoic post Triassic
A2: Cross refer to oolitic limestone
A3: Catalogue as Dental remains
The decision table will have many test cases?
2
4
8
16
What should testing be focused on?
The defined testing objectives
Finding as many defects as possible
Meeting the project deadlines
Giving confidence that the system will work for the users
Place the stages of the Fundamental test process in the usual order (by time)
Test closure activities
Analysis and design
Planning and control
Implementation and execution
For the same case, using equivalence partitioning which three values fall in the same partition?
5600, 28000, 7800
2800, 4200, 4800
3000, 4500
28000, 50000, 60000
Which of the following is a test level?
Functional testing
System testing
Testing of software structure
Non-functional testing
Of the following activities, which is the least important within test management?
Test estimation
Test planning
Defect fixing
Test control
Below you find a list of improvement goals a software development and test organization would like to achieve. Which of these goals for improving the efficiency of test activities would best be supported by a test management tool?
Improve the efficiency by building traceability between requirements, tests, and defects
Improve the efficiency by optimizing the ability of tests to identify failures
Improve the efficiency by faster resolving defects
Improve the efficiency by automating the selection of test cases for execution
One of the exit criteria for the project is 100% decision coverage...The following 3 tests have been executed for the control flow graph below.
Test A covers path: A, B, D, F, G
Test B covers path: A, C, F, G
Test C covers path: A, C, F, C, F, F, G
Which of the following statements related to the decision coverage goal is correct?(refer picture)
100% decision coverage has been achieved
Decision D has not been tested completely
Decision E has not been tested completely
Decision F not been tested completely
Which of the following is a major task of test planning?
Initiation of corrective action
Measuring and analyzing results
Determining the exit criteria
Monitoring and documenting progress
Match the following inspection roles and responsibilities . .
Roles
1 .Moderator , 2. Recorder , 3.Reviewer , 4. Manager
Responsibilities
i) The person chosen to represent a certain viewpoint
ii) The person who decide on the execution of inspections
iii) The person who leads the process
iv) The person who documents all the issues
1-ii, 2-iv, 3-i, 4-iii
1-iii, 2-iv, 3-i, 4-ii
I-ii, 2-i, 3-iv, 4-iii
1-iii, 2-i, 3-iv, 4-ii
Expected result for a test should not be derived from...
The code, because that describes the system as it is
The specification, because that describes the system as it should be
A user with specialized knowledge about the use of the system, because that describes the system that is needed
A test oracle, because that describes the system that is needed
Which list typically describes the defects discovered by a static analysis tool?
Programming standards violations, undefined variables, syntax violations
Interface omissions, spelling defects, design flaws
Non-user friendly error messaging, unreferenced variables
Unused variables, incorrect warning messages, performance
What is not part of the test execution phase?
Logging test results
Verify test environment
Performing regression tests
Reviewing the test basis
The testing mind set is not one that...
Looks for problems in product under test and tries to find defects
Is self critical and looks for errors and defects in one's own work
Is sensitive to others and diplomatic when giving and receiving criticism
Looks only for tests that show the system works
Which one of the following describes best the difference between testing and debugging?...
Testing shows failures that are caused by defects. Debugging finds, analyzes, and removes that causes of failures in the software
Testing find defects. Debugging analyzes the faults and proposes preventive activity..
Testing removes faults. Debugging identifies the causes of failures
Dynamic testing prevents causes of failures. Debugging removes the failures
Questions about "Testing in the Software Lifecycle" 6. Which of these statements about maintenance testing is untrue?...
Maintenance testing includes assessment of the risk of change
Maintenance testing can be difficult if specifications are poor, missing or out of date
Impact analysis can be difficult when assessing which regression tests to run
Maintenance is easier than development, so maintenance testing is easier than development testing.
Which of the following is a test type?
Component testing
Regression testing
System testing
Acceptance testing
Which of the following is a not a quality characteristic?
Feasibility
Usability
Portability
Resource utilization
What are good practices of testing within the development life cycle?
Early test analysis and design
Different test levels are defined with specific objectives
Testers are involved in document reviews
All of the above
For a tax system the earnings up and until € 4000 are tax free, the following € 1500 are charged at 10% , the following € 28000 at 20% and the remainder above 40% All value are rounded to € 1. What test case could result from a boundary value analysis?
1500
33501
4500
28000
What statement about reviews is true?
Inspections are led by a trained moderator, where informal technical reviews not necessarily
In a walkthrough the author does not attend
A walkthrough will not have a separate scribe
Technical reviews are led by a trained leader, inspections are not
Which of the following is NOT a major factor for choosing test design technique?
Type of system
Regulatory requirements
Risk level and type
Test environment
