For program-to-user interactions

involves writing computer programs that enable processes to communicate with each other across a computer network.

It refers to each machine on a network.

Computers are mostly considered as nodes, but

also printers, routers, bridges, gateways are

considered as node

It refers to the data traveling on the network is

broken into chunks. Each packet is handled

separately and contains information about who

sent it and where it's going.

It is a collection of computers and other devices that can send data to and receive data from each othe

It is a precise set of rules defining how computers communicate: the format of addresses, how data is split into packets, etc.

designed to allow multiple routes between any two points and to route packets of data around damaged routers.

a standard that defines how to establish and maintain a network conversation by which applications can exchange data.

an unreliable protocol that does not guarantee that packets will arrive at their destination or that they will arrive in the same order they were sent