"On top of a striking new exhibition hall in southern Paris." Cụm từ "exhibition hall" có nghĩa là gì?

"The world's largest urban rooftop farm has started to bear fruit." Từ "urban" có nghĩa là gì?

"The world's largest urban rooftop farm has started to bear fruit." Từ "bear" trong ngữ cảnh này có nghĩa là gì?

"Strawberries that are small, intensely flavoured and resplendently red." Từ "Strawberries" có nghĩa là gì?

"Strawberries that are small, intensely flavoured and resplendently red." Cụm từ "intensely flavoured" có nghĩa là gì?

"Strawberries that are small, intensely flavoured and resplendently red." Từ "resplendently" có nghĩa là gì?

"Sprout abundantly from large plastic tubes." Cụm từ "sprout abundantly" có nghĩa là gì?

"Peer inside and you see the tubes are completely hollow." Cụm từ "Peer inside" có nghĩa là gì?

"And you see the tubes are completely hollow." Từ "hollow" có nghĩa là gì?

"The roots of dozens of strawberry plants dangling down inside them." Từ "roots" có nghĩa là gì?

"The roots of dozens of strawberry plants dangling down inside them." Từ "dozens" có nghĩa là gì?

"The roots of dozens of strawberry plants dangling down inside them." Cụm từ "dangling down" có nghĩa là gì?

"From identical vertical tubes nearby burst row upon row of lettuces." Từ "burst" có nghĩa là gì?

"Burst row upon row of lettuces." Từ "lettuces" có nghĩa là gì?

"Near those are aromatic herbs, such as basil, sage and peppermint." Cụm từ "aromatic herbs" có nghĩa là gì?

"Opposite, in narrow, horizontal trays packed not with soil but with coconut fibre." Từ "Opposite" có nghĩa là gì?

"In narrow, horizontal trays packed not with soil but with coconut fibre." Cụm từ "horizontal trays" có nghĩa là gì?

"Packed not with soil but with coconut fibre." Từ "soil" có nghĩa là gì?

"Pascal Hardy, an engineer and sustainable development consultant." Cụm từ "sustainable development consultant" có nghĩa là gì?

"Began experimenting with vertical farming and aeroponic growing towers." Cụm từ "vertical farming" có nghĩa là gì?

"And aeroponic growing towers — as the soil-free plastic tubes are known." Cụm từ "aeroponic growing towers" có nghĩa là gì?

"On his Paris apartment block roof five years ago. The urban rooftop space above the exhibition hall is somewhat bigger." Cụm từ "rooftop space" có nghĩa là gì?

"14,000 square metres and almost exactly the size of a couple of football pitches." Cụm từ "football pitches" có nghĩa là gì?

"Already, the team of young urban farmers who tend it have picked, in one day, 3,000 lettuces." Từ "tend" có nghĩa là gì?

"Have picked, in one day, 3,000 lettuces and 150 punnets of strawberries." Cụm từ "punnets of strawberries" có nghĩa là gì?

"When the remaining two thirds of the vast open area are in production, 20 staff will harvest up to 1,000 kg." Từ "harvest" có nghĩa là gì?

"Will harvest up to 1,000 kg of perhaps 35 different varieties of fruit and vegetables." Từ "varieties" có nghĩa là gì?

"'We're not ever, obviously, going to feed the whole city this way,' cautions Hardy." Từ "cautions" có nghĩa là gì?

"In the urban environment you're working with very significant practical constraints." Cụm từ "practical constraints" có nghĩa là gì?

"There's no reason why you shouldn't eventually target maybe between 5% and 10% of consumption." Từ "consumption" có nghĩa là gì?

"However, this is a real-life showcase for the work of Hardy's flourishing urban agriculture consultancy." Cụm từ "real-life showcase" có nghĩa là gì?

"For the work of Hardy's flourishing urban agriculture consultancy, Agripolis." Cụm từ "flourishing urban agriculture consultancy" có nghĩa là gì?

"Which is currently fielding enquiries from around the world." Cụm từ "fielding enquiries" có nghĩa là gì?

"To design, build and equip a new breed of soil-free inner-city farm." Từ "breed" trong ngữ cảnh này có nghĩa là gì?

"I don't much like the fact that most of the fruit and vegetables we eat have been treated with something like 17 different pesticides." Từ "pesticides" có nghĩa là gì?

"Or that the intensive farming techniques that produced them are such huge generators of greenhouse gases." Cụm từ "intensive farming techniques" có nghĩa là gì?

"Are such huge generators of greenhouse gases." Từ "generators" có nghĩa là gì?

"That they've travelled an average of 2,000 refrigerated kilometres to my plate." Cụm từ "refrigerated kilometres" có nghĩa là gì?

"Because the varieties are selected for their capacity to withstand such substantial journeys." Từ "withstand" có nghĩa là gì?

"Or that 80% of the price I pay goes to wholesalers and transport companies, not the producers." Từ "wholesalers" có nghĩa là gì?

"Produce grown using this soil-free method, on the other hand — which relies solely on a small quantity of water, enriched with organic nutrients." Từ "enriched" có nghĩa là gì?

"Which relies solely on a small quantity of water, enriched with organic nutrients." Cụm từ "organic nutrients" có nghĩa là gì?

"Pumped around a closed circuit of pipes, towers and trays." Cụm từ "circuit of pipes" có nghĩa là gì?

"You can select crop varieties for their flavour, not their resistance to the transport and storage chain." Cụm từ "transport and storage chain" có nghĩa là gì?

"No soil is exhausted, and the water that gently showers the plants' roots every 12 minutes is recycled." Từ "exhausted" có nghĩa là gì?

"And the water that gently showers the plants' roots every 12 minutes is recycled." Từ "gently" có nghĩa là gì?

"So the method uses 90% less water than a classic intensive farm for the same yield." Từ "yield" có nghĩa là gì?

"Urban farming is not, of course, a new phenomenon." Từ "phenomenon" có nghĩa là gì?

"Strawberries are being grown in disused shipping containers." Từ "disused" có nghĩa là gì?

"Aeroponic farming, he says, is 'virtuous'." Cụm từ "Aeroponic farming" có nghĩa là gì?

"There are limits to what farmers can grow this way, of course, and much of the produce is suited to the summer months. 'Root vegetables we cannot do, at least not yet,' he says." Cụm từ "Root vegetables" có nghĩa là gì?

"Produce grown this way typically sells at prices that, while generally higher than those of classic intensive agriculture, are lower than soil-based organic growers." Cụm từ "organic growers" có nghĩa là gì?

"A tree's 'value' depends on several factors including its species, size, form, condition, quality, function, and accessibility." Từ "function" có nghĩa là gì?

"And depends on the management goals for a given forest. The same tree can be valued very differently by each person who looks at it. A large, straight black cherry tree has high value as timber to be cut into logs or made into furniture." Từ "timber" có nghĩa là gì?

"A tree's 'value' depends on several factors including its species, size, form, condition, quality, function, and accessibility." Từ "accessibility" có nghĩa là gì?

"Has high value as timber to be cut into logs or made into furniture." Từ "logs" có nghĩa là gì?

"But for a landowner more interested in wildlife habitat." Từ "landowner" có nghĩa là gì?

"The real value of that stem (or trunk) may be the food it provides to animals." Từ "stem" có nghĩa là gì?

"The real value of that stem (or trunk) may be the food it provides to animals." Từ "trunk" có nghĩa là gì?

"But to a woodworker interested in making bowls, it brings an opportunity for a unique and beautiful piece of art." Từ "bowls" có nghĩa là gì?

"In the past, Pennsylvania landowners were solely interested in the value of their trees as high-quality timber. The norm was to remove the stems of highest quality." Từ "norm" có nghĩa là gì?

"This practice, called 'high-grading', has left a legacy of 'low-use wood' in the forests." Từ "practice" có nghĩa là gì?

"This practice, called 'high-grading', has left a legacy of 'low-use wood' in the forests." Từ "legacy" có nghĩa là gì?

"Some people even call these 'junk trees', and they are abundant in Pennsylvania." Từ "junk" có nghĩa là gì?

"Some people even call these 'junk trees', and they are abundant in Pennsylvania." Từ "abundant" có nghĩa là gì?

"These trees have lower economic value for traditional timber markets, compete for growth with higher-value trees, shade out desirable regeneration." Cụm từ "shade out" có nghĩa là gì?

"Shade out desirable regeneration and decrease the health of a stand." Từ "regeneration" có nghĩa là gì?

"Leaving it more vulnerable to poor weather and disease." Từ "vulnerable" có nghĩa là gì?

"Management that specifically targets low-use wood can help landowners manage these forest health issues, and wood energy markets help promote this." Từ "promote" có nghĩa là gì?

"Wood energy markets can accept less expensive wood material of lower quality than would be suitable for traditional timber markets. Most wood used for energy in Pennsylvania is used to produce heat or electricity through combustion." Từ "combustion" có nghĩa là gì?

"Many schools and hospitals use wood boiler systems to heat and power their facilities." Cụm từ "wood boiler systems" có nghĩa là gì?

"Many schools and hospitals use wood boiler systems to heat and power their facilities." Từ "facilities" có nghĩa là gì?

"Many homes are primarily heated with wood, and some coal plants incorporate wood into their coal streams." Từ "coal" có nghĩa là gì?

"And some coal plants incorporate wood into their coal streams to produce electricity." Từ "incorporate" có nghĩa là gì?

"Wood can also be gasified for electrical generation." Từ "gasified" có nghĩa là gì?

"For electrical generation and can even be made into liquid fuels like ethanol and gasoline." Cụm từ "electrical generation" có nghĩa là gì?

"And can even be made into liquid fuels like ethanol and gasoline for lorries and cars." Cụm từ "liquid fuels" có nghĩa là gì?

"Like ethanol and gasoline for lorries and cars." Từ "gasoline" có nghĩa là gì?

"Like ethanol and gasoline for lorries and cars." Từ "lorries" có nghĩa là gì?

"All these products are made primarily from low-use wood." Từ "primarily" có nghĩa là gì?

"Several tree- and plant-cutting approaches, which could greatly improve the long-term quality of a forest." Từ "approaches" có nghĩa là gì?

"Focus strongly or solely on the use of wood for those markets." Từ "solely" có nghĩa là gì?

"In a TSI Cut, really poor-quality tree and plant material is cut down to allow more space, light, and other resources to the highest-valued stems that remain." Từ "stems" có nghĩa là gì?

"Removing invasive plants might be another primary goal of a TSI Cut." Cụm từ "invasive plants" có nghĩa là gì?

"The stems that are left behind might then grow in size and develop more foliage and larger crowns." Từ "foliage" có nghĩa là gì?

"And develop more foliage and larger crowns or tops that produce more coverage for wildlife." Từ "crowns" có nghĩa là gì?

"That produce more coverage for wildlife." Từ "coverage" có nghĩa là gì?

"That produce more coverage for wildlife." Từ "wildlife" có nghĩa là gì?

"They have a better chance to regenerate in a less crowded environment." Từ "regenerate" có nghĩa là gì?

"TSI Cuts can be tailored to one farmer's specific management goals for his or her land." Từ "tailored" có nghĩa là gì?

"Another approach that might yield a high amount of low-use wood is a Salvage Cut." Từ "yield" có nghĩa là gì?

"Another approach that might yield a high amount of low-use wood is a Salvage Cut." Cụm từ "Salvage Cut" có nghĩa là gì?

"With the many pests and pathogens visiting forests including hemlock wooly adelgid." Từ "pests" có nghĩa là gì?

"With the many pests and pathogens visiting forests." Từ "pathogens" có nghĩa là gì?

"Asian longhorned beetle, emerald ash borer, and gypsy moth, to name just a few." Từ "beetle" có nghĩa là gì?

"Emerald ash borer, and gypsy moth, to name just a few." Từ "moth" có nghĩa là gì?

"It is important to remember that those working in the forests can help ease these issues through cutting procedures." Từ "issues" có nghĩa là gì?

"Can help ease these issues through cutting procedures." Từ "procedures" có nghĩa là gì?

"These types of cut reduce the number of sick trees and seek to manage the future spread of a pest problem." Từ "pest" có nghĩa là gì?

"They leave vigorous trees that have stayed healthy enough to survive the outbreak." Cụm từ "vigorous trees" có nghĩa là gì?

"That have stayed healthy enough to survive the outbreak." Từ "outbreak" có nghĩa là gì?

"A Shelterwood Cut, which only takes place in a mature forest that has already been thinned several times." Từ "thinned" có nghĩa là gì?

"Involves removing all the mature trees when other seedlings have become established." Từ "seedlings" có nghĩa là gì?

"This then allows the forester to decide which tree species are regenerated." Từ "regenerated" có nghĩa là gì?

"It can also be used to develop a two-tier forest so that there are two harvests." Cụm từ "a two-tier forest" có nghĩa là gì?

"So that there are two harvests and the money that comes in is spread out over a decade or more." Từ "harvests" có nghĩa là gì?

"Thinnings and dense and dead wood removal for fire prevention also center on the production of low-use wood." Từ "Thinnings" có nghĩa là gì?

"Thinnings and dense and dead wood removal for fire prevention also center on the production of low-use wood." Cụm từ "fire prevention" có nghĩa là gì?

"However, it is important to remember that some retention of what many would classify as low-use wood is very important." Từ "retention" có nghĩa là gì?

"Some retention of what many would classify as low-use wood is very important." Từ "classify" có nghĩa là gì?

"The tops of trees that have been cut down should be left on the site so that their nutrients cycle back into the soil." Từ "nutrients" có nghĩa là gì?

"So that their nutrients cycle back into the soil." Cụm từ "cycle back" có nghĩa là gì?

"So that their nutrients cycle back into the soil." Từ "soil" có nghĩa là gì?

"In addition, trees with many cavities are extremely important habitats for insect predators." Từ "cavities" có nghĩa là gì?

"Are extremely important habitats for insect predators like woodpeckers, bats and small mammals." Cụm từ "insect predators" có nghĩa là gì?

"Like woodpeckers, bats and small mammals." Từ "woodpeckers" có nghĩa là gì?

"They help control problem insects and increase the health and resilience of the forest." Từ "resilience" có nghĩa là gì?

"Finally, rare species of trees in a forest should also stay behind as they add to its structural diversity." Cụm từ "structural diversity" có nghĩa là gì?

"Last year, commercial companies, military and civil departments and amateurs sent more than 400 satellites into orbit." Cụm từ "commercial companies" có nghĩa là gì?

"Last year, commercial companies, military and civil departments and amateurs sent more than 400 satellites into orbit." Từ "military" có nghĩa là gì?

"Commercial companies, military and civil departments and amateurs sent more than 400 satellites into orbit." Cụm từ "civil departments" có nghĩa là gì?

"Military and civil departments and amateurs sent more than 400 satellites into orbit." Từ "amateurs" có nghĩa là gì?

"Sent more than 400 satellites into orbit." Từ "satellites" có nghĩa là gì?

"Sent more than 400 satellites into orbit." Từ "orbit" có nghĩa là gì?

"Over four times the yearly average in the previous decade." Từ "decade" có nghĩa là gì?

"Numbers could rise even more sharply if leading space companies follow through on plans." Từ "sharply" có nghĩa là gì?

"If leading space companies follow through on plans to deploy hundreds to thousands of large constellations of satellites." Từ "deploy" có nghĩa là gì?

"To deploy hundreds to thousands of large constellations of satellites to space in the next few years." Cụm từ "constellations of satellites" có nghĩa là gì?

"All that traffic can lead to disaster." Từ "disaster" có nghĩa là gì?

"A US commercial Iridium satellite smashed into an inactive Russian communications satellite." Cụm từ "smashed into" có nghĩa là gì?

"Smashed into an inactive Russian communications satellite called Cosmos-2251." Từ "inactive" có nghĩa là gì?

"Creating thousands of new pieces of space shrapnel that now threaten other satellites." Từ "shrapnel" có nghĩa là gì?

"That now threaten other satellites in low Earth orbit." Từ "orbit" có nghĩa là gì?

"The zone stretching up to 2,000 kilometres in altitude." Cụm từ "stretching up" có nghĩa là gì?

"The zone stretching up to 2,000 kilometres in altitude." Từ "altitude" có nghĩa là gì?

"And satellite operators can't steer away from every potential crash." Cụm từ "satellite operators" có nghĩa là gì?

"Satellite operators can't steer away from every potential crash." Cụm từ "steer away" có nghĩa là gì?

"Because each move consumes time and fuel that could otherwise be used for the spacecraft's main job." Từ "spacecraft" có nghĩa là gì?

"Concern about space junk goes back to the beginning of the satellite era." Từ "Concern" có nghĩa là gì?

"Concern about space junk goes back to the beginning of the satellite era." Cụm từ "space junk" có nghĩa là gì?

"Several teams are trying to improve methods for assessing what is in orbit." Từ "assessing" có nghĩa là gì?

"Some researchers are now starting to compile a massive data set." Từ "compile" có nghĩa là gì?

"Others are developing taxonomies of space debris." Từ "taxonomies" có nghĩa là gì?

"Others are developing taxonomies of space debris." Cụm từ "space debris" có nghĩa là gì?

"Working on measuring properties such as the shape and size of an object." Từ "properties" có nghĩa là gì?

"So that satellite operators know how much to worry about what's coming their way." Từ "worry" có nghĩa là gì?

"The alternative, many say, is unthinkable." Từ "alternative" có nghĩa là gì?

"Just a few uncontrolled space crashes could generate enough debris." Từ "generate" có nghĩa là gì?

"Could generate enough debris to set off a runaway cascade of fragments." Từ "debris" có nghĩa là gì?

"To set off a runaway cascade of fragments." Cụm từ "set off" có nghĩa là gì?

"To set off a runaway cascade of fragments." Cụm từ "cascade of fragments" có nghĩa là gì?

"Rendering near Earth space unusable." Từ "rendering" có nghĩa là gì?

"Rendering near Earth space unusable." Từ "unusable" có nghĩa là gì?

"Says Carolin Frueh, an astrodynamical researcher at Purdue University." Cụm từ "astrodynamical researcher" có nghĩa là gì?

"That means companies, governments and other players in space are collaborating in new ways." Từ "collaborating" có nghĩa là gì?

"To avoid a shared threat." Cụm từ "a shared threat" có nghĩa là gì?

"International groups have developed guidelines on space sustainability." Từ "guidelines" có nghĩa là gì?

"Have developed guidelines on space sustainability." Từ "sustainability" có nghĩa là gì?

"Those include inactivating satellites at the end of their useful life." Từ "inactivating" có nghĩa là gì?

"By venting pressurised materials or leftover fuel." Từ "venting" có nghĩa là gì?

"Or leftover fuel that might lead to explosions." Cụm từ "leftover fuel" có nghĩa là gì?

"That might lead to explosions." Từ "explosions" có nghĩa là gì?

"The intergovernmental groups also advise lowering satellites deep enough into the atmosphere." Cụm từ "intergovernmental groups" có nghĩa là gì?

"That they will burn up or disintegrate within 25 years." Từ "disintegrate" có nghĩa là gì?

"But so far, only about half of all missions have abided by this 25-year goal." Từ "abided" có nghĩa là gì?

"Operators of the planned large constellations of satellites say they will be responsible stewards in their enterprises in space." Từ "stewards" có nghĩa là gì?

"They will be responsible stewards in their enterprises in space." Từ "enterprises" có nghĩa là gì?

"'What happens to those that fail or go bankrupt?' he asks." Cụm từ "go bankrupt" có nghĩa là gì?

"In theory, given the vastness of space, satellite operators should have plenty of room for all these missions." Từ "vastness" có nghĩa là gì?

"Given the vastness of space, satellite operators should have plenty of room for all these missions to fly safely." Cụm từ "satellite operators" có nghĩa là gì?

"So some scientists are tackling the problem of space junk by trying to find out where all the debris is." Cụm từ "space junk" có nghĩa là gì?

"By trying to find out where all the debris is to a high degree of precision." Từ "precision" có nghĩa là gì?

"That would alleviate the need for many of the unnecessary manoeuvres." Từ "alleviate" có nghĩa là gì?

"That would alleviate the need for many of the unnecessary manoeuvres that are carried out." Từ "manoeuvres" có nghĩa là gì?

"To avoid potential collisions." Cụm từ "potential collisions" có nghĩa là gì?

"Says Marlon Sorge, a space-debris specialist at the Aerospace Corporation in El Segundo, California. The field is called space traffic management, because it's similar to managing traffic on the roads or in the air. Think about a busy day at an airport, says Moriba Jah, an astrodynamicist at the University of Texas at Austin." Từ "astrodynamicist" có nghĩa là gì?

"Think about a busy day at an airport, says Moriba Jah: planes line up in the sky, landing and taking off close to one another." Cụm từ "line up" có nghĩa là gì?

"Landing and taking off close to one another in a carefully choreographed routine." Cụm từ "a carefully choreographed routine" có nghĩa là gì?

"Air-traffic controllers know the location of the planes down to one metre in accuracy. The same can't be said for space debris." Cụm từ "space debris" có nghĩa là gì?

"Not all objects in orbit are known, and even those included in databases are not tracked consistently." Từ "databases" có nghĩa là gì?

"And even those included in databases are not tracked consistently." Cụm từ "tracked consistently" có nghĩa là gì?