Permission: May I leave the room now?

Polite requests: Might I borrow your pen for a moment?

Expressing uncertainty: She might come to the party, but she's not sure yet.

Hypothetical situations: If you ask nicely, he might help you.

Ability: She can play the piano beautifully.

Permission: Can I open the window?

Polite requests: Could you pass me the salt, please?

Suggestions: You could try restarting your computer.

Possibility: This road can get very busy during rush hour.

Necessity: You must wear a helmet when riding a bike.

Strong recommendations: You must try this dessert-it's amazing!

Deductions: He must be tired after such a long trip.

Prohibition: You must not smoke here.

Obligations: Employees must arrive before 9 a.m.

Advice: You ought to see a doctor.

Moral obligation: You ought to tell the truth.

Expectations: He ought to be home by now.

Recommendations: You ought to visit the museum.

Probability: She ought to pass the exam with all that studying.

Future actions: I will finish my homework tonight.

Polite requests: Would you mind closing the window?

Hypothetical situations: I would travel the world if I had the money.

Promises: I will always be there for you.

Predictions: It will be a cold winter this year.

Suggestion: Shall we go out for dinner?

Obligation: You should apologize to her.

Formal decision: We shall overcome these challenges.

Advice: You should study more for the exam.

Expectation: The guests should arrive soon.

Subject placeholder: It is important to be on time.

Object placeholder: I found it difficult to understand.

Emphasis: It was IT that caused the problem.

Weather conditions: It is snowing outside.

Time: It is 3 o'clock.

Existence: There is a book on the table.

Location: I'll meet you there.

Events: There was a concert in the park.

Quantities: There are three apples left.

Future events: There will be a meeting tomorrow.

Subject of a sentence: The dog barked loudly.

Object of a verb: I saw the movie.

Object of a preposition: He is good at math.

Predicative Nominative: She is a teacher.

Possessive Form: This is John's bike.

Introducing something new: I saw a bird in the tree.

Describing a profession: She is an engineer.

Expressing one of many: He picked a card from the deck.

Before a singular noun: I need a pen.

In exclamations: What a beautiful view!

Specific reference: The car outside is mine.

Unique objects: The sun is shining.

Known information: I spoke to the manager.

Superlatives: She is the best player on the team.

Geographical names: The Amazon River is in South America.

Generalizations: Milk is healthy.

Abstract nouns: Love is powerful.

Meals: We had dinner at 7.

Places: He goes to school every day.

Languages: She speaks Spanish.

Purpose: I came to help you.

Intentions: She wants to learn Spanish.

After certain verbs: He decided to go home.

After adjectives: It's important to be honest.

Future actions: They plan to travel next year.

After modal verbs: You must go now.

After let/make/help: She let him leave early.

With 'why not': Why not ask for help?

In imperative sentences: Sit down.

After 'had better': You had better study tonight.

As subject: Swimming is fun.

After prepositions: She is interested in reading.

After certain verbs: I enjoy cooking.

In compound nouns: A swimming pool is nearby.

As an object/activity: He loves jogging in the park.

Enjoy: I enjoy painting landscapes.

Avoid: She avoids eating late.

Consider: He considered moving abroad.

Mind: Do you mind waiting a moment?

Suggest: I suggest taking a break.

To replace a relative clause: The man sitting by the window is my uncle.

To show cause or reason: Feeling tired, she went to bed early.

To express time or sequence: Opening the door, she saw a package.

To describe simultaneous actions: She walked through the field, singing a song.

When he entered the room, he noticed the silence.

Entering the room, he noticed the silence.

Define the noun: The man who fixed my car is very skilled.

Non-essential information: My sister, who lives in Italy, is coming to visit.

To describe place: This is the town where I was born.

To describe time: I remember the day when we met.

To refer to the whole idea of a sentence: The book, which I borrowed from you, is excellent.

Time: I called you when I arrived.

Reason: She stayed home because she was ill.

So fast did he run that no one could catch him.

On the hill stood an old castle.

More important than money is health.

He looks as if he had seen a ghost.

I'd rather stay home.

You'd better call her now.

Suppose I be chosen-what then?

If only he were more patient.

She gets up at 7 every day.

Water boils at 100°C.

The train leaves at 6 PM.

He lives in Berlin.

You press this button to start.

I am writing an email.

He is staying with friends.

We are meeting tomorrow.

People are using AI more often.

She is always complaining!

I have lost my keys.

He has visited Rome twice.

She has become more confident.

They have built a new school.

We have lived here since 2010.

I have been reading all day.

He's tired; he has been running.

We've been staying at a hotel.

They have been calling every day this week.

He has been reading for hours.

I watched the movie last night.

He got up, brushed his teeth, and left.

She lived in London for five years.

We played outside every summer.

He arrived at 3 PM.

At 8p.m., I was reading.

I was cooking when she arrived.

She was singing while he was playing the piano.

The wind was blowing and the leaves were rustling.

He was always shouting at the team.

She had left before I arrived.

He was tired because he had worked all day.

If I had known, I would have helped.

She said she had seen the film.

She had left by 7 a.m.

I had been waiting for hours when the bus arrived.

I had been calling him all morning.

Her eyes were red because she had been crying.

He had been working all night.

I had been sleeping when the noise started.

It will rain tomorrow.

I will call her later.

I am going to apply for a job.

The plane leaves at 10.

I will help you with that.

I'm going to start a new course next week.

Look at those clouds! It's going to rain.

We're going to move next year.

You're going to hurt yourself!

She's going to tell him the truth.

This time tomorrow, I'll be flying to Paris.

Will you be attending the meeting?

I'll be watching TV when you arrive.

She'll be working late all next week.

They'll be studying for hours.

I will have finished the report by 5 PM.

By next month, we will have launched the app.

He will have lived here for 10 years.

They will have arrived by now.

If she works hard, she will have achieved her goal by December.

I love coffee.

She owns a house.

This soup tastes amazing.

I believe him.

She is a doctor.

If you heat ice, it melts.

If you study, you will pass.

If I were rich, I would travel the world.

If I had studied, I would have passed.

If I had worked harder, I would be successful now.

He is a doctor.

She became angry.

You seem tired.

He appeared confused.

I feel fine.

I don't like broccoli.

Don't you understand?

Don't touch that!

I don't know nothing.

I have never been to Spain.

I think that he's right.

I'm happy that you came.

She said that she was tired.

That she won was surprising.

The fact that you lied upset me.