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WorksheetsNetworking Protocols Quiz
Total questions: 161
Worksheet time: 1hrs 21mins
Which layer of the OSI model provides services directly to user applications?
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Application Layer
Network Layer
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Application Layer?
Email communication
Routing data
Domain name resolution
Web browsing
Which protocol is used for browsing websites?
FTP
HTTP
SMTP
DNS
The Application Layer protocols communicate with which OSI layer below them?
Session Layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Data Link Layer
Which of the following is an application layer protocol?
IP
ARP
ICMP
SMTP
Which layer does DNS operate in?
Network
Application
Transport
Session
The Application Layer in TCP/IP corresponds to which OSI layers?
Application, Presentation, Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Which of these is not an Application Layer protocol?
HTTP
TCP
FTP
DNS
What kind of addressing does the Application Layer use?
IP addresses
Application-specific identifiers (e.g., domain names)
MAC addresses
Port numbers
Which protocol is used for resolving domain names?
SMTP
FTP
DNS
HTTPS
What port does HTTP use by default?
443
20
80
53
Which method in HTTP is used to retrieve data from a server?
GET
POST
PUT
DELETE
Which protocol ensures secure HTTP communication?
FTP
HTTPS
DNS
TLS
HTTPS is HTTP over which protocol?
SSH
IPsec
TLS
SSLv2
Which port does HTTPS operate on by default?
25
443
21
53
Which HTTP method is used to submit data to a server?
GET
POST
HEAD
CONNECT
HTTP is considered a ______ protocol.
Stateful
Stateless
Secure
Encrypted
Which protocol handles the TLS handshake in HTTPS?
HTTP
TCP
TLS
FTP
Which version introduced multiplexing in HTTP?
HTTP/1.0
HTTP/2
HTTP/1.1
HTTP/3
What does the HTTP status code 404 mean?
OK
Unauthorized
Not Found
Bad Request
Which component of HTTPS provides encryption and data integrity?
HTTP
TLS
DNS
FTP
What is sent in the first step of TLS handshake?
ServerHello
ClientHello
Certificate
Cipher suite
Which part of HTTPS verifies the identity of the server?
Digital Certificate
IP Address
DNS
Port Number
What is the purpose of header compression in HTTP/2?
Reduce latency
Enable streaming
Secure data
Assign ports
What protocol enables real-time communication over HTTP?
FTP
WebSockets
DNS
POP3
Which port does DNS use?
21
53
80
443
Which DNS record maps a domain to an IPv4 address?
MX
A
AAAA
NS
Which record maps to an IPv6 address?
A
AAAA
MX
CNAME
Which DNS record is used for mail server info?
CNAME
MX
A
TXT
What is the first place checked during DNS resolution?
Local DNS cache
Root server
TLD server
Authoritative DNS server
What type of DNS query expects the full answer from a resolver?
Recursive
Iterative
Broadcast
Forwarding
What DNS technology encrypts queries over HTTPS?
DNSSEC
DoH
DNS over TLS
CDNs
Which component maintains the domain's actual IP records?
Recursive Resolver
Root Server
Authoritative DNS Server
TLD Server
What does a CNAME record do?
Maps alias to canonical domain
Stores IP address
Resolves mail server
Points to DNS server
Which DNS record is queried to find the nameservers?
A
MX
NS
PTR
Which port does FTP control connection use?
20
21
25
53
Which mode in FTP initiates both connections from client side?
Active
Passive
Binary
ASCII
Which command logs into an FTP session?
USER
QUIT
LIST
RETR
Which command uploads a file to server in FTP?
RETR
STOR
LIST
QUIT
Which command lists files in FTP?
USER
LIST
STOR
DATA
Which variant of FTP uses SSH for secure transmission?
SFTP
FTPS
FTP
SCP
Which port does FTP data connection use in active mode?
20
21
22
443
Which FTP variant uses TLS for security?
SFTP
FTPS
HTTP
SSH
What is the purpose of the QUIT command in FTP?
Restart session
Upload file
Change directory
Close connection
What is the difference between active and passive FTP?
Command syntax
Who initiates the data connection
Encryption method
Ports used for control
Which protocol is used for sending emails?
IMAP
POP3
SMTP
HTTP
What is the default unencrypted SMTP port?
587
465
25
21
Which command starts an SMTP session?
HELO
RCPT
QUIT
Which SMTP command specifies the sender?
MAIL FROM
RCPT TO
DATA
QUIT
Which protocol is commonly used with SMTP for email retrieval?
FTP
HTTP
IMAP
DNS
What is the purpose of RCPT TO command?
Specifies recipient
Starts message
Terminates session
Authenticates client
What happens during the DATA command in SMTP?
Terminates session
Sends the email content
Authenticates sender
Lists folders
Which port is typically used for SMTP with TLS?
465
587
25
443
SMTP is a ______ protocol.
Push
Pull
Secure
Real-time
Which email protocol retrieves emails from server and deletes them locally?
SMTP
POP3
IMAP
FTP
What does TLS stand for?
Transport Layer Security
Transmission Link Standard
Trusted Link Socket
Transparent Layer Server
What does TLS replace?
FTP
SSL
SSH
IPsec
Which TLS version is deprecated?
TLS 1.0
TLS 1.2
TLS 1.3
TLS 1.1
TLS provides which of the following?
Encryption, Integrity, Authentication
Routing
Compression
Caching
Which of these is part of a TLS handshake?
ClientHello
Ping
Post
NS lookup
What is the purpose of a certificate in TLS?
Assign ports
Prove identity
Encrypt data
Resolve DNS
What problem arises from HTTP pipelining that HTTP/2 solves with multiplexing?
Redundant DNS lookups
Head-of-line blocking
Too many TCP connections
Certificate reuse
Which TLS component provides message integrity?
RSA
SHA256
MAC (Message Authentication Code)
IP header
In a real-world scenario, if a browser can access an IP via ping but cannot load the domain in the browser, what is most likely the issue?
HTTP server is down
DNS resolution failure
TLS handshake timeout
FTP misconfiguration
Which command in SMTP marks the beginning of email content transmission?
HELO
DATA
QUIT
RCPT TO
What does the QUIC protocol (used in HTTP/3) eliminate compared to TCP-based HTTP/2?
Head-of-line blocking due to packet loss
Encryption overhead
Need for TCP congestion control
Need for certificates
Which security feature ensures that a browser should only use HTTPS for a domain in future connections?
TLS 1.3
HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS)
DNSSEC
Zero-RTT
What's the key benefit of DNS caching at the browser or OS level?
Reduces encryption overhead
Decreases lookup time
Improves certificate validation
Prevents IP spoofing
What is the biggest drawback of traditional DNS from a security standpoint?
Requires TCP
Sends queries in plaintext
Uses complex headers
Cannot support MX records
Which layer of the OSI model handles end-to-end communication between applications?
Session
Network
Transport
Presentation
What is the purpose of port numbers in the transport layer?
To identify sending and receiving applications
To encrypt data
To resolve domain names
To assign MAC addresses
Which transport layer protocol provides reliable, connection-oriented communication?
UDP
TCP
IP
ICMP
Which of the following is NOT a function of the transport layer?
Segmentation and reassembly
Flow control
Port addressing
IP addressing
Which field in the TCP header helps implement flow control?
Sequence Number
Window Size
Flags
Checksum
In which layer are TCP and UDP found?
Network
Session
Transport
Application
Which OSI layer ensures error-free delivery of data segments?
Transport
Data Link
Session
Physical
Which protocol uses less overhead and is suitable for real-time transmission?
UDP
TCP
SMTP
ICMP
Which function is specific to TCP but not UDP?
Multiplexing
Flow control
Port addressing
Header checksum
What is the default size of a TCP header (without options)?
10 bytes
20 bytes
8 bytes
40 bytes
Which of the following describes TCP?
Reliable and connection-oriented
Unreliable and connectionless
Reliable and connectionless
Ordered but unreliable
What is the first step in the TCP 3-way handshake?
ACK
SYN
FIN
RST
Which of the following flags are used in TCP connection establishment?
FIN, ACK
SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK
PSH, URG
FIN, RST, URG
What is the purpose of the TCP 3-way handshake?
To terminate the connection
To establish a reliable connection
To compress headers
To avoid routing loops
What causes retransmission in TCP?
Timeout or duplicate ACKs
Port mismatch
UDP handshake failure
Header checksum
In TCP, a window size of 0 indicates what?
Receiver can't accept data now
Transmission complete
Packet lost
Sender should close connection
TCP sequence numbers are used to:
Encrypt the packet
Ensure ordered delivery
Validate domain names
Address processes
How many steps are involved in TCP connection termination?
2
4
3
1
What flag is set when closing a TCP connection?
URG
FIN
SYN
PSH
TCP congestion control algorithm that starts slow and grows exponentially:
Slow Start
Additive Increase
Fast Recovery
Linear Scaling
Which algorithm kicks in after triple duplicate ACKs in TCP?
Slow Start
Fast Retransmit
Go-Back-N
Checksum
TCP congestion avoidance grows the window size how?
Exponentially
Linearly
Logarithmically
Statically
When TCP detects loss through timeout, it:
Reduces congestion window
Increases window
Sends duplicate ACKs
Ignores
Which value in TCP header helps implement congestion control?
Port number
Congestion Window (cwnd)
Checksum
TTL
If cwnd = 4, and ACKs for all are received, what will cwnd be next in Slow Start?
5
8
6
3
What TCP strategy prevents the sender from flooding the network?
Port blocking
Congestion control
DNS caching
Header compression
TCP Fast Recovery is used after:
FIN
Timeout
Fast Retransmit
Window probe
Flow control operates between:
Sender and receiver
Switch and router
Application and transport
DNS and HTTP
Which congestion control phase occurs after loss detection?
Recovery
Transmission
Initiation
Discovery
Which transport layer protocol does NOT guarantee delivery?
TCP
UDP
ICMP
HTTP
What is the size of the UDP header?
20 bytes
8 bytes
12 bytes
16 bytes
UDP is preferred over TCP in which scenario?
Bank transaction
Video streaming
File upload
Web login
Which of these is NOT a field in the UDP header?
Source Port
Length
Sequence Number
Checksum
Which application typically uses UDP?
SSH
DNS
HTTPS
SFTP
UDP is called connectionless because:
It requires more time to connect
It does not establish handshakes
It uses ICMP
It maintains sessions
Which of the following is true about UDP?
Reliable, but unordered
Secure
Low overhead
Uses congestion control
VoIP applications prefer UDP because:
Speed matters more than reliability
It uses SSL
TCP consumes less power
DNS is not needed
Which of the following uses UDP by default?
TFTP
Telnet
SSH
FTP
UDP is best for applications that:
Need error correction
Send small amounts of reliable data
Tolerate packet loss and require speed
Require sequencing
Which is better for sending a large image file?
TCP
UDP
ICMP
FTP over UDP
YouTube streaming prefers:
TCP
UDP
SMTP
ICMP
A multiplayer game would use:
UDP
TCP
FTP
HTTP
Which protocol is suitable for sending secure login details?
TCP
UDP
FTP
SMTP
In TCP, what does the SYN flag indicate during connection setup?
Data Ready
Start Connection
Disconnect Request
Retransmission
Which TCP congestion control phase increases the congestion window size exponentially?
Fast Recovery
Congestion Avoidance
Slow Start
Retransmit Timeout
A video calling app uses UDP. What drawback might users face compared to TCP-based streaming?
Slower data rate
Higher connection latency
Potential data loss
Enforced encryption
You are asked to design a secure file transfer system for enterprise clients. Which stack would you choose?
UDP + Custom Encryption
FTP over TCP
SFTP (SSH-based)
TFTP
In a system transferring sensor data over a network, data loss is acceptable, but speed is critical. Choose protocol:
TCP
SMTP
UDP
SFTP
A system has to handle burst traffic like software updates to millions of users. Which congestion control strategy is best?
Disable Nagle's Algorithm
Use TCP Slow Start with adaptive threshold
Use constant cwnd
UDP with retry logic
A client sends data with TCP and waits for ACKs. But due to high latency, ACKs are delayed. What happens?
TCP slows down sending rate
TCP retransmits all data
TCP switches to UDP
TCP ignores ACK delay
How does TCP ensure the correctness of received data?
Time synchronization
Port verification
Checksum and sequence numbers
Ping command
What is the primary purpose of the congestion window (cwnd) in TCP?
To limit the number of packets in the receiver's buffer
To limit the sender's rate based on network capacity
To detect corrupted packets
To manage port multiplexing
During TCP slow start, if cwnd starts at 1 MSS, what will it be after 3 successful ACKs (no loss)?
2
4
8
6
Which TCP congestion control algorithm is triggered by 3 duplicate ACKs?
Slow Start
Congestion Avoidance
Fast Retransmit
Exponential Backoff
You observe out-of-order packets and increased retransmissions. What might be a possible cause?
UDP congestion
Switch buffering
Asymmetric routing
Low window size
In TCP, which header field is used for flow control?
Sequence Number
Acknowledgment Number
Window Size
Urgent Pointer
Why is UDP preferred over TCP in real-time applications like VoIP?
Because it is encrypted
Because it supports retransmission
Because delay is more tolerable than loss
Because it has larger headers
Which statement best explains the 'Silly Window Syndrome' in TCP?
It's a type of SYN flooding attack
It occurs when the sender waits too long before sending data
It results from frequent small window updates causing poor throughput
It arises due to misconfigured port numbers
Which condition forces TCP into slow start again?
Triple duplicate ACKs
Zero window advertisement
RTO (Retransmission Timeout)
FIN flag received
In a high-latency, high-bandwidth network, what TCP tuning parameter is most critical?
MTU
Maximum segment size
Window scaling factor
Port number
How does TCP prevent infinite retransmission of the same segment?
Sequence number check
Exponential backoff with timeout
Acknowledgment delay
Port reset
Your application uses TCP and stalls under heavy load. What might be a fix?
Use smaller packet sizes
Switch to UDP
Enable window scaling
Reduce MSS
In a server load test, you observe high RTTs and retransmissions. Which congestion control algorithm may perform better than Reno?
Tahoe
NewReno
CUBIC
AIMD
You are designing a custom file transfer protocol over UDP. What must you implement yourself?
Packet headers
Encryption
Flow and error control
Port numbers
What TCP header field ensures reliable and ordered data delivery?
Sequence Number
Checksum
Window Size
Urgent Flag
Which of the following is true for QUIC compared to TCP?
It works only over port 80
It provides reliable but unordered delivery
It multiplexes streams to reduce head-of-line blocking
It cannot use TLS encryption
What is a computer network?
A group of independent computers connected by wireless media only
A group of computers that operate as standalone systems
A collection of interconnected computing devices sharing resources
A collection of software running in isolation
The main purpose of networking is:
Editing videos
Data transfer and resource sharing
Programming
Installing operating systems
Which of the following is an example of a network application?
Microsoft Word
Adobe Photoshop
File sharing over LAN
Calculator
What is one major advantage of computer networks?
Less power consumption
Increased software usage
Faster individual computation
Resource sharing
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of computer networking?
Resource sharing
High data redundancy
Centralized data management
Backup and recovery
Which protocol is used for email communication?
HTTP
SMTP
FTP
SNMP
Which of these is an application layer protocol?
IP
TCP
DNS
Ethernet
Which of the following is an example of client-server architecture?
Peer-to-peer file sharing
Email server and client
Direct cable connection
USB to serial connection
Which networking device forwards packets based on IP addresses?
Switch
Router
Hub
Modem
Which of these is not typically shared over a network?
Printer
Files
CPU registers
Internet connection
In which configuration does each device have a dedicated point-to-point link to every other device?
Mesh
Star
Ring
Bus
Which line configuration requires the most cabling?
Bus
Ring
Mesh
Star
Which line configuration has a single communication line shared by all devices?
Star
Mesh
Ring
Bus
In star topology, failure of the central hub results in:
Failure of only one node
Full network failure
Continued operation
Failure of outer ring only
Which topology has a token-passing mechanism?
Bus
Star
Ring
Mesh
Which configuration is best for fault tolerance?
Mesh
Bus
Ring
Star
Which configuration is least expensive?
Mesh
Ring
Bus
Star
Line configuration where one device is directly connected to another:
Multipoint
Point-to-point
Ring
Mesh
A multipoint connection allows:
Only two devices
Dedicated channel per device
Multiple devices sharing a link
One-way communication
Which configuration makes troubleshooting easier?
Mesh
Star
Ring
Bus
Which topology connects all devices in a closed loop?
Ring
Star
Mesh
Bus
What topology uses a central hub?
Bus
Star
Ring
Tree
Which topology is most redundant?
Star
Mesh
Bus
Ring
Which topology is easiest to install and cost-effective for small networks?
Bus
Star
Mesh
Ring
Which topology is a hybrid of star and bus topologies?
Tree
Mesh
Ring
Star
Failure of a single cable affects entire network in:
Bus topology
Mesh topology
Tree topology
Star topology
