WorksheetsFinal
Total questions: 93
Worksheet time: 47mins
What is biology?
The study of animal structures
The study of living things
The study of fossils
The study of how organisms process energy
The study of patterns of inheritance
In the levels of biological organization below, choose the level that refers to groups of interacting individuals of one species.
Community
Cells
Populations
Ecosystems
None of the above
What is the information molecule found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells?
Protein
DNA
The ecosystem
Lipids
Mutation
Evolution by natural selection was first put forth by _____________.
McClintock
Watson
Beadle
Darwin
Crick
The biological study of the parts of living things is the science of _____________.
Evolution
Physiology
Biochemistry
Anatomy
Genetics
Which of the following is the best (most reliable) source of scientific information?
The local newspaper
The evening news program
Peer-reviewed literature
The blogosphere
Time Magazine
Which one of the following is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element?
Compound
Carbon
Atom
Proton
Molecule
Isotopes of an element differ in their ____________.
Number of electrons
Mass number
Atomic number
Number of protons
Ability to be used by living cells
A solution that is pH 2 is more ____________ than a solution that is pH 10.
Basic
Neutral
Acidic
None of the above
Pure water is a neutral substance and would register as pH __________ on the pH scale.
1
14
7
None of the above
The four main categories of biomolecules are ____________.
Proteins, DNA, RNA and steroids
Monosaccharides, lipids, polysaccharides, and proteins
Proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids
Nucleic acids, carbohydrates, monosaccharides, and proteins
RNA, DNA, proteins and carbohydrates
Sugars are mainly used in our bodies ____________.
For membrane construction
As structural molecules, such as hair and fingernails
For building the genetic material
As fuel
DNA is composed of _____________.
Proteins
Steroids
Nucleotides
Amino acids
Fatty acids
Some athletes use anabolic steroids to build their body mass. Why is this considered a problematic practice?
Anabolic steroids inhibit the body's production of normal sex hormones
Anabolic steroids can cause mood swings and depression
Anabolic steroids can reduce the sex drive
Anabolic steroids can result in liver problems
All the choices are correct
Proteins are polymers of _____________.
DNA macromolecules
Chromosomes
Ribosomes
Amino acid molecules
Photosynthesis molecules
To enter or leave a cell, substances must pass through _____
A microtubule
The Golgi apparatus
A ribosome
The nucleus
The plasma membrane
Most of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is in _____
The cytoskeleton
The mitochondria
The endomembrane system
The cytoplasm
The nucleus
Of the following organelles, which group is involved in manufacturing and distributing proteins?
Lysosome, plasma membrane
Ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrion and ATP
Chloroplast and light reaction
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and plasma membrane
What is the most valuable product of cellular respiration?
oxygen
carbon dioxide
glucose
ATP
all of the above
Which of the following is a human cell with a flagellum?
Plasma cell
Paramecium
Brain cell (also called a neuron)
White blood cell
Sperm cell
The movement of atoms, ions, or molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration is called _____
Spontaneous combustion
Diffusion
Heat
Active transport
The diffusion of water from high to low concentration is called _____
active transport
osmosis
exocytosis
passive transport
facilitated diffusion
The function of cellular respiration is to _____
reduce CO2
extract CO2 from the atmosphere
extract usable cellular energy from glucose
synthesize macromolecules from monomers
produce carbohydrates
Although the cells of a multicellular organism are specialized for certain functions, those cells must also be integrated and organized in order to work together to benefit the organism.
True
False
Vasoconstriction is a term that refers to the contraction of muscle in the walls of the blood vessels, thus causing the diameter of the blood vessel to decrease. Which of the following types of muscle would be involved in this contraction?
cardiac
smooth
skeletal
both cardiac and smooth
both skeletal and smooth
The abdominal cavity is separated from the thoracic cavity by the
heart.
stomach.
diaphragm.
liver.
lungs.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?
protection from dehydration
production of vitamin D
defense from microorganisms
regulation of body temperature
storage of calcium
Since skin is made up of several types of tissues and has a number of different functions, it is best classified as an organ.
True
False
The human skeletal system is conveniently divided into the ________ and ________ skeleton.
axial and osteocyte
superior and inferior
anterior and posterior
axial and appendicular
allopatric and sympatric
Bones of trained athletes may be visibly thicker and heavier than those of non-athletes because
weight-bearing exercise increases bone mass and strength.
non-athletes have a low parathyroid hormone rate.
athletes produce more growth plates.
athletes blood calcium levels are lower than non-athletes.
non-athletes cannot produce osteoids.
______ separate neighboring vertebrae and also function as shock absorbers.
Palatine bones
Ribs
Intervertebral discs
Osteons
Intravertabral discs
Which of the following is the correct classification of vertebrae, from the skull to the pelvis?
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
coccygeal, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, cervical
coccygeal, thoracic, lumbar, cervical, sacral
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, coccygeal, sacral
sacral, coccygeal, lumbar, thoracic, cervical
Brittle bones, difficulty in walking, and hunched posture are symptoms of
carpal tunnel syndrome.
bursitis.
tendinitis.
osteoporosis.
rheumatoid arthritis.
During a contraction, muscles
shorten in length.
generate heat due to aerobic respiration.
all require voluntary control of muscle cells.
are first excited before the contraction can occur.
Skeletal muscle groups that work together to create the same movement are referred to as
sarcomeres.
antagonistic.
synergistic.
involuntary.
myofibrils
When an electrical impulse traveling along a motor neuron arrives at a neuromuscular junction,
there is an increase in the secretion of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction.
myosin-actin cross-bridges are destroyed.
sliding of actin and myosin filaments is inhibited.
calcium is transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
a new electrical impulse is generated that returns the message to the original nerve.
Which of the following is characteristic of cardiac and smooth muscle, but not skeletal muscle?
striated appearance
involuntary contraction
presence of actin and myosin in muscle cells
presence of gap junctions
located in the wall of the heart
Uncontrolled contraction of muscle, usually after heavy exercise
myasthenia gravis
muscular dystrophy
tetanus
fasciitis
muscle cramps
Disorder caused by an individual's immune system; acetylcholine receptors on muscle cells are destroyed. Primarily affects muscles of eyes, neck, and face
myasthenia gravis
muscular dystrophy
tetanus
fasciitis
muscle cramps
Each of the following with the exception of one describes how blood functions to maintain homeostasis in the human body. Which one of the following is the exception?
moving carbon dioxide away from cells following completion of aerobic metabolism.
regulating the pH of body fluids.
transporting amino acids and other nutrients derived from digestion to all tissues in the body.
transporting neurotransmitters to neuromuscular junctions.
preventing excessive blood loss through clotting.
About 55% of whole blood is _______, which is mostly made up of water.
plasma
hemocrit
hemoglobin
clotting proteins
Foreign cells that enter our body have unique cell surface proteins, known as _______, which stimulate our body's defense to attack.
antibodies
antigens
platelets
leukocytes
Which of the following components of blood increase in number in response to the presence of an infectious agent?
platelets
clotting factors
white blood cells
red blood cells
A physician finds that one of his patients has the following problems: blood clots very slowly or not at all, and severe bruises result from even the most minor bumps. Which of the following conditions should be diagnosed based on this information?
hemophilia
AIDS
anemia
mononucleosis
polycythemia
When blood leaves the heart, it first enters
veins.
arteries.
arterioles.
capillaries.
The left ventricle has a more muscular wall than the other three chambers of the heart because the left ventricle
must decrease the amount of pressure on the blood so it can flow more smoothly.
pumps blood into the atria.
receives blood directly from major arteries.
pumps blood more rapidly than the other chambers.
must generate enough blood pressure to pump blood into the aorta.
Blood pressure in veins is lower than in arteries and a series of ________ are necessary to prevent backflow of blood.
tricuspid valves
endothelial cells
two or three-way valves
one-way valves
varicose veins
The pacemaker
is located in the left atrium.
typically causes problems with the rhythm of the heartbeat.
is also known as the atrioventricular node.
sends out a signal for contraction once every 2 minutes.
regulates the rate of heart contraction.
Which of the following parts of the brain regulates heart activity?
thalamus
cerebellum
cerebrum
midbrain
medulla oblongata
Gas exchange in the circulatory system takes place between the __________ and the body cells.
Veins
Arteries
Capillaries
Lymph vessels
These vessels return blood to the heart
Veins
Arteries
Capillaries
Lymph vessels
These vessels carry blood under high pressure out to the body tissues.
Veins
Arteries
Capillaries
Lymph vessels
Which of the following best explains why humans must constantly breathe in oxygen in order to stay alive?
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the process of cellular respiration, which results in the production of the ATPs required to fuel cell functions.
Oxygen is converted to carbon dioxide, which is then used to drive the production of ADP.
Oxygen is used to drive the anaerobic breakdown of sugars for the production of ATP.
Oxygen must be available to cells in order for them to make the sugars necessary to supply energy for cell functions.
Oxygen is an important source of energy for cells.
During the ingestion of food or liquid, the ________ tips to block the opening to the trachea.
bronchioles
epiglottis
pharynx
larynx
bronchi
Arrange the following entries in the order in which air contacts them as air is drawn into the body.
c, a, e, b, d
b, d, a, c, e
e, c, b, a, d
c, a, e, d, b
c, e, a, b, d
The respiratory center is located
in the medulla oblongata.
in the pulmonary veins.
throughout the arteries.
in the right lung.
in the pulmonary arteries.
How is the nervous system able to respond to changes in the environment so quickly?
It possesses many sensory neurons that are constantly evaluating the internal and external environment.
It is able to generate an appropriate response to the sensory information received.
It can integrate the information and interpret what the sensory information actually means.
The nervous system operates at a very fast pace.
all of the above
The central nervous system is composed of
the autonomic nervous system and the brain.
the sensory division and the motor division.
the somatic division and the autonomic division.
the brain and spinal cord.
the somatic division and the motor division.
Which of the following events associated with the transmission of an impulse across a synapse occurs last?
chemically gated channels for sodium open
neurotransmitter is released into synaptic cleft
calcium diffuses into an axon bulb
action potential arrives at an axon bulb
neurotransmitter binds to receptors on postsynaptic membrane
________ is the most highly developed part of the brain; the corpus callosum interconnects its two sides; associated with language and conscious thought
cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
cerebrum
Brain stem
The process by which food is propelled through the digestive tract by alternating contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle is
elimination.
secretion.
chemical digestion.
absorption.
peristalsis.
Bile is produced by the ________ and stored in the ________.
liver, gall bladder
small intestine, liver
stomach, small intestine
small intestine, gall bladder
gall bladder, liver
Nutrient rich blood moves from the small intestine to the liver via
arterial flow from GI tract to the liver.
lacteal vessels.
the pulmonary circuit.
the hepatic portal system.
the pancreatic duct.
A calorie is
the last section of the small intestine.
a small projection in the lumen of the small intestine
an enzyme used to break down fats
the unit by which energy in food is measured
a cofactor required by digestive enzymes in the pancreas
A disorder of the nervous system in which the individual eats and then deliberately vomits is
bulimia.
anorexia nervosa
Overnutrition
lactose intolerance.
diverticulosis.
The condition known as acid reflux or “heartburn” occurs when the esophageal sphincter malfunctions, allowing stomach fluid into the esophagus.
True
False
This hormone is secreted in response to a decrease in blood oxygen levels and results in an increased production of red blood cells.
Antidiuretic Hormone
Renin
Erythropoeitin
Vasopressin
Aldosterone
In the nephron glucose molecules in the filtrate would most likely be .....
Secreted
Reabsorbed
Filtered
Both A and C
Both B and C
________ is a medical procedure that essentially performs the functions of the kidney by filtering and cleaning the blood and returning that filtered blood to the person’s circulatory system.
Kidney transplant
Plasma transfer
Dialysis
Diabetes
Dilation filtration
The ________ is the functional unit of the kidney.
Alveolus
Neuron
Glomerulus
Nephron
Capillary
The metabolism of protein results in the formation of this toxic ion.
Alcohol
Ammonia
Creatine
Aldosterone
Lactic acid
Synthesis (formation) of new sperm cells occurs in the
Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Seminiferous tubules
Prostate gland
Urethra
Which of the following is true regarding human gametes (sex cells)?
contain the haploid number of chromosomes
contain 46 chromosomes
are produced in the testes and ovaries
produced by the process of mitosis
both a and c are correct.
The portion of a sperm cell that contains digestive enzymes for penetrating the egg is called
the midpiece.
the spermatid.
the flagellum.
the acrosome.
the epididymus.
A fertilized egg must embed in this organ for pregnancy to occur.
myometrium
oviduct
vagina
ovaries
uterus
When the oocyte is released from the ovary, it is transported to the uterus by the
fimbriae.
ductus deferens.
oviduct.
endometrium.
cervix.
Which of the following sexually transmitted diseases is currently the most prevalent in the United States?
AIDS
syphilis
chlamydia
genital warts
gonorrhea
DNA is organized and arranged in the nucleus as
the nucleolus.
individual genes.
chromosomes.
histones.
mitotic spindles.
The process by which the DNA code is converted from a single gene into a complementary single strand of mRNA is
replication.
reproduction.
transcription.
metabolism.
translation.
Once an RNA molecule has been transcribed from DNA, it enters the cytoplasm of the cell where it is used by the cell to produce a
fat.
nucleus.
carbohydrate.
cell membrane.
protein.
The function of mitosis is to produce two daughter cells that ________.
are genetically identical to the parent cell (assuming no mutation has occurred)
have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell but not the same genetic content
have a random assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes
none of the above
What is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor?
Benign tumors are a mass of essentially abnormal cells; malignant tumors are an abnormal mass of essentially normal cells
Benign tumors do not metastasize; malignant tumors do
Benign tumors metastasize; malignant tumors do not.
Benign tumors will not kill you; malignant tumors will.
Benign tumors spread beyond their original site; malignant tumors remain at their original site
What is the function of meiosis?
to make exact copies of the parent cell
to make one cell with twice the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
to make four cells with the same chromosome number as the parent cell
to make cells with a haploid (half that of the parents) number of chromosomes
none of the above
Unlike a normal healthy cell, a cancer cell will
Potentially migrate to other locations in the body.
no longer perform their specialized functions prior to becoming cancerous.
have an enlarged nucleus.
lose the ability to control cell division.
all of the above
Cancers that metastasize and invade normal tissues to disrupt their functions are called
keratosis.
malignant tumors.
benign tumors.
none of the above
If both alleles of a particular gene are identical, the person is said to be
phenotypic.
heterozygous.
genotypic.
an identical twin.
homozygous.
Which one of the following is true regarding an individual who has inherited one sickle-cell gene and one normal gene for hemoglobin?
has the homozygous recessive genotype for this trait
will produce only abnormal hemoglobin
is more likely to resist malaria than an individual with two normal genes for hemoglobin
will develop sickle-cell anemia
will most likely die before the age of 10 from complications associated with abnormal white blood cells
The structures zona pellucida and corona radiata can be associated with the
cilia of the oviducts
human egg.
vaginal wall.
uterine lining.
midpiece of the human sperm
A zygote forms when
the blastocyst begins to form
meiosis II in the secondary oocyte initiates
the sperm penetrates the zona pellucida
the acrosomal cap is ruptured
the nucleus from the sperm fuses with the egg nucleus
The placenta forms from embryonic tissue and
yolk sac.
Bone marrow
Endometrium
embryonic disk
amniotic fluid.
Which of the following is NOT true regarding telomeres and telomerase?
A cell stops dividing when its telomeres have been removed and important genetic material has been destroyed
Telomeres are located at the end of DNA molecules.
Researchers are investigating the possibility that telomerase may be the 'magic bullet' that could prevent the aging process.
The number of telomeres increases with every cell division
The enzyme telomerase, found in cancer cells, builds new telomeres
During the first day or so after birth, the breasts produce a watery milk called
amniotic fluid
prostoglanding
colostrum
lactose
none of the above
Maturation of the reproductive organs and the reproductive response is called
Longevity
Menopause
Puberty
Morula
Adolescence
