_____________ is one of the five most common species of Candida that cause up to 95% of candidiasis cases.

Which of the following syndromes fall under the category of cutaneous candidiasis syndromes?

A 76 year old woman presents with a several year history of slow-growing bumps on her right elbow. She works at the Indianapolis Zoo as a zookeeper and emigrated from Colombia 30 years ago. She reports that she had these lesions since she was in her mid 30's. She was told that is was a keloid by her old PCP and to not worry about it at that time. She has tried topical ketoconazole without improvement and her QuantiFERON testing when she onboarded at the zoo 17 years ago was negative. Which of the following is correct regarding this condition?

Which candida species is found in a majority (80-90%) of oropharyngeal candidiasis cases?

Your clinic patient, Trina, who is a 39-year-old female with past medical history HIV on ART presented with severe left upper quadrant abdominal pain after coming home from visiting family in Vietnam. She's currently on tenofovir/emtricitabine plus raltegravir for her ART. She's also had a one-week history of fever, night sweats, and weight loss. You notice on the physical exam that she has very appreciable splenomegaly, and she has umbilicated skin lesions on her trunk. You send her to the ER and CT scan notes extensive splenomegaly and mild hepatomegaly. Unfortunately, due to the severity of abdominal pain, general surgery was consulted, and the splenectomy was performed and for pathology. Cells seen on spleen pathology are depicted.

Labs at the time of the visit were as follows:

HIV VL: 1500 copies/mL

CD4 count: 55 cells/mm^3

AST: 150 u/L

ALT: 75 u/L

Hg: 12.5 g/dL

Platelets: 55,000 cells/uL

Based on the image and history, which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

True or False:

C. gattii is more likely to be involved in disseminated cryptococciosis.

You are called on a patient who was admitted with a COPD exacerbation. He has evidence of thrush on his tongue and the primary team reports that he was previously prescribed topical clotrimazole for 7 days which he completed just prior to admission. On exam the white patches on the tongue are easily scraped off. The team is worried about drug resistant candida and wanted your opinon on antifungal treatment. Which treatment option is most likely to ensure adequate treatment?

Risk factors for oropharyngeal candidiasis

What are risk factors for esophageal candidiasis?

True or False:

Esophageal candidiasis occurs in the abscence of oropharyngeal candidiasis in 2/3rds of cases.

A 43-year-old man from India presented to the ER complaining of worsening respiratory status. He was diagnosed with emphysema 3 years ago and for the past several months has developed a chronic productive cough, dyspnea, fatigue, intermittent sharp chest pain, joint pain, unexplained weight loss, and night sweats. On exam, you notice an erythematous and raised rash on both lower extremities and hear a pericardial friction rub.  CT chest shows cavitation of both lung apices. He is placed on airborne precautions for a TB rule out ,however, his QuantiFERON is negative and the sputum sample is only notable for narrow based budding yeast forms. What is your next diagnostic step?

You are on call and recieve a message regarding a pregnant patient who presented with a several day history of white vaginal discharge and pruritis. Physical exam is notable for erythema of the vaginal mucosa and a normal appearing cervix. You are asked for treatment options of vulvovaginal candiasis. What treatment option do you recommend?

A 48-year-old man presents to the emergency room with two painless purple firm nodules on the back of his hand and right forearm. He does not recall any prior trauma to those areas, but he is an avid gardener and the current president of the Rose club in town. She was seen by a dermatologist in the ED and they performed a punch biopsy prior to discharge. She was promptly referred to ID clinic. Part of the biopsy sample was sent for culture, and it grew fungi which is pictured.

What is this pathogen?

You get a call on one of your patients, Mrs. Felding, for a positive blood culture result. She recently had partial resection of the small bowel due to an obstruction a few days ago. You are told that 2/4 blood culture bottles were growing C. albicans. What complications can result from candidemia?