WorksheetsFundamental of mechanical VENTILATION
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 10mins
What is the primary driving force for airflow into the lungs during spontaneous inspiration?
Increased intrapleural pressure
Decreased alveolar pressure relative to atmospheric pressure
Increased atmospheric pressure
Decreased intrathoracic volume
According to the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, what is the most significant factor affecting airflow resistance in the airways?
Airway length
Airway radius
Air viscosity
Pressure gradient
What is the approximate alveolar oxygen partial pressure (PAO2) at sea level on room air (FiO2 = 0.21)?
40 mmHg
100 mmHg
150 mmHg
200 mmHg
In a patient with a high ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, which of the following is most likely to occur?
Hypercapnia with normal oxygenation
Hypoxemia with normal CO2 levels
Both hypercapnia and hypoxemia
Normal gas exchange
Which oxygen delivery device can reliably deliver an FiO2 of 1.0 (100%)?
Nasal cannula
Simple face mask
Non-rebreather mask
Venturi mask
A patient requires an FiO2 of 0.35 with precise control. Which device is most appropriate?
Nasal cannula at 4 L/min
Venturi mask
Partial rebreather mask
High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC)
What is the maximum flow rate typically achievable with a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC)?
15 L/min
30 L/min
60 L/min
100 L/min
What is the primary indication for initiating non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in acute respiratory failure?
Severe hypoxemia unresponsive to high-flow oxygen
Hypercapnic respiratory failure in COPD exacerbation
Post-extubation prophylaxis in all patients
Obstructive sleep apnea without acute failure
Which setting in bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) primarily affects CO2 elimination?
Inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP)
Expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP)
Fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2)
Respiratory rate
What is a common complication of NIV that can be mitigated by proper mask fitting?
Barotrauma
Nasal bridge skin breakdown
Ventilator-associated pneumonia
Auto-PEEP
In volume-controlled ventilation, what parameter is set to ensure adequate tidal volume delivery?
Peak inspiratory pressure
Tidal volume
Inspiratory time
Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
Which mode of ventilation allows the patient to trigger breaths while ensuring a minimum minute ventilation?
Assist-control ventilation (ACV)
Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV)
Pressure support ventilation (PSV)
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
In pressure-controlled ventilation, what is the primary variable controlled by the ventilator?
Tidal volume
Inspiratory pressure
Respiratory rate
Flow rate
A patient on volume-controlled ventilation shows a high peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) but normal plateau pressure. What is the most likely cause?
Pneumothorax
Endotracheal tube obstruction
Alveolar overdistension
Low lung compliance
On a ventilator flow-volume loop, a "scooped-out" expiratory curve suggests which condition?
Airway obstruction
Pneumothorax
Overdistension
Ventilator dyssynchrony
What adjustment should be made if a patient on mechanical ventilation exhibits auto-PEEP on the expiratory flow graphic?
Increase inspiratory time
Decrease respiratory rate
Increase tidal volume
Increase PEEP
What is a major risk factor for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)?
Low tidal volume ventilation
Prolonged mechanical ventilation
High FiO2 settings
Use of pressure support mode
Barotrauma during mechanical ventilation is most likely caused by which of the following?
Excessive tidal volume
Low PEEP settings
High respiratory rate
Inadequate humidification
Which parameter is most indicative of a patient's readiness to wean from mechanical ventilation?
PaO2/FiO2 ratio > 200
Tidal volume < 5 mL/kg
Respiratory rate > 35 breaths/min
Plateau pressure > 30 cmH2O
During a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), a patient develops a respiratory rate of 38 breaths/min and oxygen saturation of 88%. What is the next step?
Extubate immediately
Continue the SBT for 30 more minutes
Resume full ventilatory support
Increase FiO2 and retry SBT
