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Test 33 - Out of Cradle, Brahma, Poetics

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 2hrs 40mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
In Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, the seashore setting Whitman names as “Paumanok” refers to which modern place?
a)
Cape Cod
b)
Long Island
c)
Staten Island
d)
Coney Island
2.
In Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, the two birds that anchor the narrative are most precisely identified as:
a)
Nightingales
b)
Thrushes
c)
Mocking-birds
d)
Larks
3.
In Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, the disappearance that catalyzes the he-bird’s lament is that of the:
a)
He-bird’s rival
b)
She-bird mate
c)
Brood of nestlings
d)
Boy’s dog
4.
In Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, the sea is personified as whispering a single key word that the boy claims to have learned; the word is:
a)
Love
b)
Fate
c)
Death
d)
Time
5.
In Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, the original periodical publication (before its Leaves of Grass placement) was under the title:
a)
“Sea-Drift”
b)
“A Child’s Reminiscence”
c)
“The Mocking-bird’s Song”
d)
“A Paumanok Memory”
6.
In Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, the first publication year of the poem in the New York press is:
a)
1855
b)
1857
c)
1859
d)
1867
7.
In Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, Whitman later groups the poem in which Leaves of Grass cluster of sea-pieces?
a)
“Calamus”
b)
“Drum-Taps”
c)
“Sea-Drift”
d)
“Children of Adam”
8.
In Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, the boy’s “translation” of the he-bird’s song is typographically marked chiefly by:
a)
Small caps
b)
Italics
c)
Boldface
d)
Parentheses only
9.
In Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, the title’s “cradle” is most often read as symbolically linked to which element within the poem?
a)
The rocking chair of the mother
b)
The rocking motion of the sea
c)
The swinging nest
d)
The moon’s orbit
10.
In Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, the poet’s self-address “Demon or bird!” is an instance of which figure?
a)
Apostrophe
b)
Litotes
c)
Metonymy
d)
Chiasmus
11.
In Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, the line that couples the bird’s throat with a weaver’s image contains which exact craft metaphor?
a)
“Musical shuttle”
b)
“Braided loom”
c)
“Knotted warp”
d)
“Golden spindle”
12.
In Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, the poem’s narrative perspective can best be described as:
a)
A present-tense child’s monologue only
b)
An adult poet’s recollection of a boyhood scene
c)
A third-person omniscient narrator
d)
Alternating choruses
13.
In Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, which set correctly lists the poem’s three principal “voices”?
a)
Boy/poet, he-bird, sea
b)
Boy/poet, she-bird, moon
c)
He-bird, she-bird, sun
d)
Boy/poet, Gonzalo, Ariel
14.
In Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, the he-bird’s song functions generically most like which musical form named in the poem?
a)
Madrigal
b)
Aria
c)
Chorale
d)
Cantata
15.
In Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, the discovery that inaugurates the poet’s vocation is explicitly tied to learning:
a)
The rules of prosody
b)
The “word” whispered by the sea
c)
The names of seabirds
d)
The phases of the moon
16.
In Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, when the speaker calls the sea’s utterance “low and delicious,” the diction contrasts most strongly with which aspect of death in the poem?
a)
Death as judicial doom
b)
Death as a brutal storm
c)
Death as a tender teacher
d)
Death as a theological dogma
17.
In Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, the poet’s name for Long Island (“Paumanok”) is:
a)
A Dutch colonial nickname
b)
A Native placename
c)
A Latinized scientific term
d)
A Whitman coinage without precedent
18.
In Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, the he-bird’s repeated appeal to the missing mate is rendered by the translator-poet chiefly as a lament of:
a)
Jealousy
b)
Hunger
c)
Fidelity and loss
d)
Territorial rage
19.
In Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, the poem first appears in Leaves of Grass under its present title in the edition of:
a)
1855
b)
1860
c)
1867
d)
1891–92
20.
In Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, the poem’s long, flowing lines and catalogues primarily imitate which natural motion thematically central to the piece?
a)
The gull’s glide
b)
The tide’s in-and-out movement
c)
The moon’s phases
d)
The fisherman’s cast
21.
In Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, the shift from the bird’s music to the sea’s whisper effects what kind of initiation for the boy?
a)
A civic initiation
b)
An artistic and mortal awakening
c)
A religious conversion to Calvinism
d)
A scientific epiphany about evolution
22.
In Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, which option correctly identifies the periodical that first printed the poem?
a)
The Dial
b)
The Saturday Press
c)
Harper’s Weekly
d)
Putnam’s Monthly
23.
In Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, Whitman later situates the poem among ocean lyrics alongside which companion piece most obviously preoccupied with self and sea?
a)
“Crossing Brooklyn Ferry”
b)
“As I Ebb’d with the Ocean of Life”
c)
“Song of the Open Road”
d)
“O Captain! my Captain!”
24.
In Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, the speaker’s gloss that he “translates” the bird is a claim to which role?
a)
Naturalist cataloguer
b)
Medium/poet interpreting nature’s voices
c)
Journalist observer
d)
Theologian of doctrine
25.
In Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking, the poem’s final emphasis after the revelations of sea and bird settles most clearly upon the speaker’s:
a)
Decision to abandon poetry
b)
Knowledge of his calling through death’s awareness
c)
Resolve to rescue the she-bird
d)
Flight from Paumanok forever
26.
In Brahma, the opening quatrain’s “If the red slayer think he slays / Or if the slain think he is slain” is a direct echo of which scriptural source?
a)
The Upanishads (Katha)
b)
The Bhagavad Gita 2:19
c)
The Rig Veda 10.90
d)
The Laws of Manu
27.
In Brahma, the poem’s speaking “I” most accurately represents:
a)
A Brahmin priest
b)
The creator-god Brahma understood as the Absolute (Brahman)
c)
Vishnu in avatar
d)
A yogi in trance
28.
In Brahma, the stanzaic rhyme scheme throughout the poem is:
a)
ABBA
b)
ABAB
c)
AABB
d)
ABCB
29.
In Brahma, the prevailing meter of lines like “If the red slayer think he slays” scans most naturally as:
a)
Iambic pentameter
b)
Trochaic tetrameter catalectic
c)
Anapestic trimeter
d)
Dactylic tetrameter
30.
In Brahma, the coupled opposites that the speaker declares to be “one to me” include which pair?
a)
Love and hate
b)
Shame and fame
c)
Life and death
d)
Joy and sorrow
31.
In Brahma, the assertion “Far or forgot to me is near; / Shadow and sunlight are the same” articulates most clearly which doctrine?
a)
Dualism of mind and matter
b)
Advaitic non-duality of the Absolute
c)
Stoic indifference
d)
Buddhist anatta
32.
In Brahma, the line “They reckon ill who leave me out” is followed by which paradoxical identity?
a)
“I am the sinner and the sin”
b)
“When me they fly, I am the wings”
c)
“I am the hunter and the prey”
d)
“I am the sea and the shore”
33.
In Brahma, “I am the doubter and the doubt” best exemplifies which figure?
a)
Hyperbole
b)
Paradox of identity
c)
Litotes
d)
Synecdoche
34.
In Brahma, the line “I am the hymn the Brahmin sings” most directly locates the Absolute within:
a)
Social caste hierarchy
b)
Language and ritual utterance
c)
Civic law
d)
Natural landscape only
35.
In Brahma, “The strong gods pine for my abode” is followed by “And pine in vain the sacred Seven”; “the sacred Seven” alludes most plausibly to:
a)
The seven deadly sins
b)
The seven colors of light
c)
The Saptaṛṣi of Hindu tradition
d)
The seven sacraments
36.
In Brahma, the closing imperative “Find me, and turn thy back on heaven” urges the seeker to:
a)
Renounce all religion
b)
Prefer earthly pleasure
c)
Transcend even heavenly reward for the Absolute
d)
Embrace monastic vows alone
37.
In Brahma, the poem’s structure is:
a)
Three sestets
b)
Four quatrains (16 lines total)
c)
Two octaves
d)
One sonnet and a couplet
38.
In Brahma, the magazine and year of first publication were:
a)
The Atlantic Monthly, 1857
b)
The Dial, 1842
c)
Harper’s, 1860
d)
North American Review, 1836
39.
In Brahma, the clause “I keep, and pass, and turn again” strings actions that most nearly indicate:
a)
Recurrence and eternal return of forms in the Absolute
b)
A single earthly pilgrimage
c)
A cyclical agricultural calendar
d)
A military rotation
40.
In Brahma, the stanza containing “Far or forgot to me is near” also contains which other leveling claim?
a)
“Love and hate are the same”
b)
“Shadow and sunlight are the same”
c)
“Past and present are the same”
d)
“Fire and water are the same”
41.
In Brahma, the diction “red slayer” most likely emphasizes:
a)
The color of ritual garments
b)
The karmic stain of violence
c)
A hunter’s blood-stained hands
d)
A battlefield sunset
42.
In Brahma, the second stanza’s “The vanquished gods to me appear” treats the old deities as:
a)
Permanently destroyed
b)
Ignorant demons
c)
Apparent forms within the Absolute’s perspective
d)
Foreign idols only
43.
In Brahma, the poem’s repeated first-person “I” functions rhetorically as:
a)
A boastful ego
b)
The impersonal Absolute speaking through personal pronoun
c)
A satire of priests
d)
A love lyric
44.
In Brahma, the negating clauses of stanza one (“If the red slayer think he slays…”) ultimately deny:
a)
The reality of the physical world entirely
b)
Agency and separateness at the Absolute level
c)
Moral responsibility
d)
Reincarnation
45.
In Brahma, which pair of lines explicitly juxtaposes the seeker’s flight and the Absolute’s identity?
a)
“Far or forgot to me is near; / Shadow and sunlight are the same”
b)
“They reckon ill who leave me out; / When me they fly, I am the wings”
c)
“The strong gods pine for my abode; / And pine in vain the sacred Seven”
d)
“But thou, meek lover of the good! / Find me, and turn thy back on heaven”
46.
In Brahma, the third stanza’s sequence of identifications (“doubter… doubt… hymn…”) is best described as a series of:
a)
Metonymies
b)
Appositions collapsing subject and object
c)
Oxymora
d)
Euphemisms
47.
In Brahma, the closing address “thou, meek lover of the good!” is metrically notable for:
a)
A spondaic close in a generally trochaic line
b)
A hexameter overflow
c)
A headless (acephalous) start
d)
A feminine ending
48.
In Brahma, the poem’s theological stance within American letters most closely aligns Emerson with:
a)
Puritan orthodoxy
b)
American Transcendentalism drawing on Vedanta
c)
Deism alone
d)
Catholic mysticism
49.
In Brahma, the command to “turn thy back on heaven” implies that the Absolute is:
a)
Below heaven
b)
Outside/behind the dualistic heaven-vs-earth scheme
c)
Identical with moral law only
d)
Merely natural beauty
50.
In Brahma, the poem’s paradoxes (“shadow and sunlight are the same,” etc.) serve chiefly to:
a)
Mock metaphysics
b)
Enforce logical contradiction
c)
Undermine appearances by affirming an underlying unity
d)
Promote skepticism
51.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, the three ways kinds of poetry differ are said to be differences of medium, object, and manner. Which option reproduces that triad correctly?
a)
Subject, meter, tone
b)
Medium, object, manner
c)
Plot, character, diction
d)
Style, audience, purpose
52.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, the six constituent parts of tragedy are listed in this order; select the exact sequence Aristotle gives.
a)
Plot, character, thought, diction, song, spectacle
b)
Plot, character, diction, thought, spectacle, song
c)
Character, plot, thought, diction, song, spectacle
d)
Plot, ethos, lexis, melos, opsis, mythos
53.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, the “soul” of tragedy is explicitly identified as which element?
a)
Character (ēthos)
b)
Plot (mythos)
c)
Thought (dianoia)
d)
Diction (lexis)
54.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, tragedy is defined as the imitation of an action that is “serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude,” effecting through pity and fear the catharsis of such emotions. What does katharsis most straightforwardly mean in this context?
a)
Clarification
b)
Purification/Purgation
c)
Consolation
d)
Ornamentation
55.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, the best tragic protagonist is described as one who falls from prosperity because of hamartia. Which gloss best captures hamartia here?
a)
Inborn depravity
b)
Mistake/error in action or judgment
c)
Divine retribution
d)
Social oppression
56.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, a complex plot is distinguished from a simple plot by the presence of which pair?
a)
Hamartia and hubris
b)
Peripeteia and anagnorisis
c)
Chorus and messenger
d)
Prologue and exodos
57.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, peripeteia (reversal) is defined most precisely as:
a)
A chance accident that changes the ending
b)
A change to the opposite in the action according to probability or necessity
c)
A shift in meter to mark a turn
d)
A comic interlude that resets expectations
58.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, the most effective anagnorisis (recognition) is that which:
a)
Uses tokens like rings and scars
b)
Relies on an oracle recalled
c)
Arises from the incidents themselves, often coinciding with reversal
d)
Is narrated by a messenger
59.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, pathos (suffering) is exemplified by:
a)
Meditative speeches
b)
Destructive or painful actions—woundings, deaths, agonies
c)
Comic insults
d)
Choral reflections
60.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, the unity most strictly required is the unity of:
a)
Time
b)
Place
c)
Action
d)
Protagonist
61.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, Aristotle observes that tragedies tend to confine their time to:
a)
A month
b)
One revolution of the sun
c)
Twelve hours
d)
Three days and nights
62.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, the chorus ought to function as:
a)
Decorative music between scenes
b)
A character—part of the whole, sharing in the action
c)
An external commentator only
d)
A stage manager of spectacle
63.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, the most moving tragic plots involve harm occurring:
a)
Between enemies by chance
b)
To the wicked by justice
c)
Among those dear to each other, through error
d)
To a perfect innocent by fate
64.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, episodic plots are faulted because their episodes:
a)
Lack choral odes
b)
Follow without probability or necessity
c)
Are excessively lyrical
d)
Use iambic trimeter
65.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, the two large phases of plot are called:
a)
Prologue and exodos
b)
Complication & unraveling
c)
Parodos and stasimon
d)
Strophe and antistrophe
66.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, the structural performance parts of tragedy include which full sequence?
a)
Prologue, parodos, episodes, stasima, exodos
b)
Parodos, epilogue, exodos
c)
Prologue, kommos, epilogue
d)
Stasimon, epode, parabasis
67.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, which constituent does Aristotle call the “least artistic” because it relies most on stagecraft?
a)
Thought
b)
Diction
c)
Spectacle (opsis)
d)
Song (melos)
68.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, dianoia (thought) deals chiefly with:
a)
Metrical arrangement
b)
What is said to prove, to arouse emotion, or to decide—i.e., the argumentative content
c)
Propriety of costume
d)
Gesture and delivery
69.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, characters are well-drawn when they exhibit four marks. Which option states them?
a)
Noble, eloquent, pious, bold
b)
Good, appropriate, lifelike, consistent
c)
Famous, wealthy, witty, handsome
d)
Strong, clever, lucky, beloved
70.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, poetry is said to be “more philosophical and of graver import than history” because it speaks of the:
a)
Particular
b)
Universal
c)
Miraculous
d)
Ancient
71.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, the meter most natural for tragic dialogue is:
a)
Trochaic tetrameter
b)
Iambic trimeter
c)
Dactylic hexameter
d)
Anapestic tetrameter
72.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, earlier tragedies used more of which meter, suited to dance and agitation?
a)
Trochaic tetrameter
b)
Hexameter
c)
Elegiac couplet
d)
Sapphics
73.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, epic differs from tragedy by which bundle of features?
a)
Narrative mode, single meter (hexameter), greater length, no music or spectacle onstage
b)
Dialogue only, varied meters, brief length
c)
Comic license, low style
d)
Chorus-centered structure
74.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, the marvellous (to thaumaston) is more admissible in epic because:
a)
The epic poet is divine
b)
What is heard is less glaringly irrational than what is seen onstage
c)
Audiences prefer wonders
d)
Epics lack plots
75.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, deus ex machina should be used chiefly to:
a)
Untie the central knot
b)
Report things beyond human knowledge or action—not to resolve the essential plot
c)
Surprise the audience at the end
d)
Replace messenger speeches
76.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, the best recognition is which kind?
a)
By rings and scars
b)
By letters and tokens
c)
By memory suddenly stirred
d)
That which arises from the incidents themselves, often with reversal
77.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, Homer is praised especially because he:
a)
Avoids episodes entirely
b)
Knows when to narrate and when to dramatize
c)
Always uses complex plots
d)
Writes only recognitions by tokens
78.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, Aristotle classifies Homer’s epics so that:
a)
Iliad is simple & Odyssey complex
b)
Both are complex
c)
Both are simple
d)
Odyssey is simple, Iliad complex
79.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, the aim of tragedy is achieved when even hearing the plot alone (without stage-sight) produces:
a)
Awe only
b)
Pity and fear
c)
Laughter
d)
Anger
80.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, Aristotle’s maxim prefers a “likely impossibility” over an “unconvincing possibility.” What principle does this enforce?
a)
Novelty over tradition
b)
Internal probability and coherence of the plot
c)
Avoidance of metaphor
d)
Blind fidelity to history
81.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, the greatest resource of diction, “by far,” is identified as:
a)
Rare vocabulary
b)
Metaphor
c)
Compound epithets
d)
Archaism
82.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, a whole must have which three parts?
a)
Opening, body, tail
b)
Prologue, middle, exodos
c)
Beginning, middle, end
d)
Scene, ode, scene
83.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, kinds of tragedy include simple, complex, of character, and of suffering. Which kind does Aristotle esteem as the finest?
a)
Simple only
b)
Of character only
c)
Complex
d)
Spectacle-driven
84.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, hamartia is best taken as:
a)
A settled vice
b)
A missing of the mark—practical error
c)
Divine curse
d)
Tyrannical cruelty
85.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, dianoia corresponds most nearly to which rhetorical resource?
a)
Delivery
b)
Proofs and examples
c)
Memory
d)
Style
86.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, poetry concerns the universal; history the particular. The universal is:
a)
What must or is likely to happen
b)
What happened once
c)
What cannot happen
d)
What the gods decree only
87.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, resolving “from the plot itself” is contrasted with resolution “from the machine.” The latter should be reserved for:
a)
Central recognitions
b)
Moralizing codas
c)
Matters outside the dramatic action
d)
Introducing comic relief
88.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, spectacle that overawes without advancing plot is:
a)
Highest art
b)
Least artistic and foreign to poetry
c)
A necessary evil
d)
Equal to song
89.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, frigidity of style arises chiefly from:
a)
Sparse diction
b)
Overuse of strange words, compounds, and inappropriate metaphors
c)
Simple syntax
d)
Iambic regularity
90.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, good plotting should be causal so that:
a)
Events follow one another merely in time
b)
Each follows from the preceding by probability or necessity
c)
Coincidence governs interest
d)
Surprise alone structures the story
91.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, of the two ethical extremes for representation, tragedy typically imitates people who are:
a)
Worse than we are
b)
Better than we are
c)
Exactly like we are
d)
Neither better nor worse
92.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, comedy and tragedy arose from improvisations, but specifically:
a)
Tragedy from dithyramb; comedy from phallic songs
b)
Tragedy from hymn; comedy from elegy
c)
Tragedy from epic; comedy from lyric
d)
Both from epic recitation
93.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, the historical development of tragedy is sketched so that Aeschylus and Sophocles are credited respectively with:
a)
Aeschylus three actors; Sophocles added chorus
b)
Aeschylus adding a second actor and reducing chorus; Sophocles adding a third actor and scene-painting
c)
Aeschylus invented iambics; Sophocles invented hexameter
d)
Aeschylus abolished masks; Sophocles banned spectacle
94.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, a lament sung jointly by actor and chorus is termed:
a)
Parodos
b)
Kommos
c)
Stasimon
d)
Epode
95.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, the fixed performance parts include parodos and stasimon. Which statement is accurate?
a)
Parodos is a messenger speech; stasimon a solo
b)
Parodos is the chorus’s entry song; stasimon a choral ode between episodes
c)
Parodos is the exodos; stasimon the prologue
d)
Both are actor monodies
96.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, the “proper magnitude” of a plot is discussed in terms of what practical criterion?
a)
The cost of staging
b)
What can be easily held in memory while preserving a beginning–middle–end
c)
The number of actors available
d)
The length of an ode
97.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, recognition by reasoning (e.g., syllogistic inference) is:
a)
Always best
b)
Possible but less artistic than recognition from incidents
c)
Disallowed
d)
Reserved for comedy
98.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, names in tragedy may be:
a)
Only historical
b)
Only invented
c)
Either historical or invented, if actions remain plausible
d)
Arbitrary, plausibility irrelevant
99.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, melos (song) is the part that:
a)
Organizes dialogue
b)
Concerns musical composition of choral odes
c)
Manages stage properties
d)
Determines meter of iambics
100.
In Aristotle’s Poetics, the tragic effect should arise chiefly from the structure of events rather than from:
a)
Argument
b)
Spectacle
c)
Meter
d)
Character names