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WorksheetsExploring Earth’s Rock and Water Cycles
Total questions: 38
Worksheet time: 26mins
Which of the following is a process that occurs in the rock cycle?
Photosynthesis
Melting
Respiration
Evaporation
What is the main component of soil formed from weathered granite?
Sand
Clay
Silt
Peat
Which term describes water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers?
Surface water
Groundwater
Runoff
Precipitation
Which type of rock is formed from cooling and solidification of magma?
Sedimentary
Igneous
Metamorphic
Fossil
Which process is primarily responsible for breaking down rocks into smaller particles to form soil?
Condensation
Weathering
Erosion
Deposition
What is the main source of surface water on Earth?
Oceans
Rivers and lakes
Glaciers
Groundwater
Which process in the rock cycle leads to the formation of fossils?
Melting
Sedimentation
Metamorphism
Volcanism
Which of the following is a chemical process involved in soil formation?
Freezing and thawing
Oxidation
Abrasion
Compaction
What is the term for water that flows over the land surface and eventually enters streams and rivers?
Groundwater
Runoff
Infiltration
Condensation
Which type of rock is most likely to contain fossils?
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Volcanic
Which of the following best describes how sedimentary rocks are formed?
By cooling of lava
By compaction and cementation of sediments
By melting and solidification
By heat and pressure
A student observes that soil in a garden is dark and rich in organic material. Which process most likely contributed to this soil characteristic?
Leaching
Decomposition
Erosion
Compaction
If a well is dug too deep, it may not reach water. What does this indicate about the relationship between surface water and groundwater?
Surface water always replenishes groundwater
Groundwater levels can be lower than the surface
Groundwater is always above surface water
There is no connection between the two
Match each process in the rock cycle with its correct description.
Melting
The process that turns solid rock into magma.
Weathering
The breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces by natural forces.
Heat and pressure
The process that transforms sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock.
Erosion
The movement of rock particles from one place to another.
A student wants to test how different types of rocks affect soil formation. Which variable should the student change in the experiment?
Amount of sunlight
Type of rock
Amount of water
Temperature
Which of the following best explains how groundwater can become surface water?
By evaporation
By infiltration
By seeping into rivers and lakes
By condensation
Which statement best explains why fossils are rarely found in igneous rocks?
Igneous rocks form from lava, which destroys organic material
Igneous rocks form under water
Igneous rocks are too soft
Igneous rocks form from sediments
A student observes that soil near a river is very fine and smooth. This soil texture was most likely caused by (a) .
Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the connection between surface water and groundwater?
Rainwater evaporates from a pond
Water from a stream seeps into the ground and recharges an aquifer
Snow melts and runs off into the ocean
Water is used for irrigation
Which process in the rock cycle is most directly responsible for the preservation of fossils?
Erosion
Sedimentation
Melting
Metamorphism
A student is asked to create a model of the rock cycle. Which materials would best represent the processes of weathering and erosion in the model?
Sandpaper and water
Magnets and iron filings
Balloons and air
Plastic wrap and tape
Design an investigation to compare the rate of soil formation from granite and limestone. Which step should be included first?
Measure the amount of soil produced after one week
Place equal-sized samples of granite and limestone in separate containers
Add the same amount of water to each container
Record the temperature daily
A community notices that their well water levels drop after a long dry period. What reasoning best explains this observation?
Surface water is not connected to groundwater
Less rainfall means less recharge of groundwater from surface water
Groundwater is unaffected by weather
Wells create more water
A student creates a model showing how sedimentary rocks form and contain fossils. To accurately represent fossil formation, the student should include (a) in the model.
You are asked to design an experiment to test the effect of acid rain on soil formation. Which variable should you control to ensure a fair test?
Type of acid used
Amount of soil in each sample
Amount of sunlight
Type of plant in the soil
City planners should consider that activities near the river can affect both surface and groundwater quality when planning to build a new park, because the relationship between surface water and groundwater is (a) .
A student models the rock cycle using clay to represent different rock types. How can the student show the process of metamorphism in the model?
Roll the clay into a ball
Press and heat the clay to change its texture
Break the clay into pieces
Add water to the clay
You are conducting an investigation to evaluate the effect of temperature on soil formation. Which data should you collect to support your conclusion?
The color of the soil
The mass of soil formed over time at different temperatures
The type of plants growing in the soil
The amount of rainfall
A farmer notices that after heavy rainfall, the water table in his well rises. What does this indicate about the relationship between surface water and groundwater?
Surface water does not affect groundwater
Rainwater infiltrates the ground and increases groundwater levels
Groundwater is always above surface water
The well creates more water
A student is asked to create a model that shows the entire rock cycle, including the formation of fossils. The process that should be included to connect the rock cycle to the fossil record is (a) .
Label the parts of the diagram for an aquifer. The one above Confined Aquifer has an arrow pointing to its item to label.
Surface Water
Water Table
Unsaturated Soil
Groundwater
Scientists divide Earth's liquid freshwater into
(a) , like Lakes, Rivers, and Ponds,
and (b) , which is underground.
Match the following. Remember, aquifers can be structured different based on how porous or permeable their rocks are.
porous and non-permeable rock
non-porous and non-permeable rock
porous and permeable rock
The main idea is that (a) are continually changing from one type to another and back again, as (b) inside the earth bring them closer to the surface (where they are (c) ) and forces on t he earth sink them back down (where they are heated, pressed, and melted).
(a) is where parts of the rocks are detoriated through wind and water.
(b) is where small particles are loosely packed sediment.
(c) are when the particles are squeezed together through pressure.
(d) is where rock particles are glued together as rocks are harden through pressure.
Claim
The Earth's materials go through a continuous cycle.
Evidence
Rocks can transform into new rocks through processes like melting and cooling.
Reasoning
The formation of sedimentary rocks from the erosion and deposition of materials is evidence of Earth
Hypothesis
If we increase the deforestation rate in a region, it will disrupt the local water cycle.
Click on the part of the rock cycle that represents a SEDIMENTARY ROCK.
Based on the information below, which steps in the sedimentary rock formation process are known as weathering and deposition?
