The techniques of sterilization were introduced by:

Bacillus of tuberculosis was discovered by:

The term microbiology, as the study of living organisms of microscopic size, was coined by:

The term vaccine was coined by:

Rabies vaccine was developed for the first time in 1885 by:

Who discovered Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Vibrio cholerae?

Who introduced the method of vaccination to prevent smallpox?

Living organisms including bacteria and protozoa were first observed by:

Who is known as father of antiseptic surgery?

Attenuated vaccine was first developed by:

The event that triggered the development and establishment of microbiology as a science is the:

Which of the following is not a condition of Koch's postulates?

Peptidoglycan is major constituent of cell wall of:

Ultraviolet light is used in:

Cell wall-deficient forms of Gram-positive bacteria are called:

Bacterial structure/s concerned with respiration is/are:

Which of the following bacterial structures is/are involved in attachment to cell surface?

Which of the following are eukaryotes?

What function does a condenser serve in light microscope?

The best resolution that can be obtained with electron microscope is:

Generation time of Escherichia coli is:

The period between inoculation of bacteria in a culture medium and beginning of multiplication is known as:

Bacteria whose optimum temperature for growth is 37ºC are known as:

All bacteria that inhabit the human body are:

Chocolate agar is an example of which of the following?

Destruction or inhibition of microorganisms in living tissues is known as:

Which of the following are referred to as 'jumping genes'?

The first vaccine for human use produced using DNA technology was:

Who is the father of genetics?

Which of the following infections is acquired from animals?

Which of the following infections is not spread by the respiratory route?

Large number of bacteria forming normal flora are found:

Phagocytes are potent non-specific host defences. Which of the following are the major phagocytic cells in the body?

Phylogenetically, the oldest immunoglobulin class is:

B cells that produce and release large amounts of antibody are called:

Most widely accepted theory of antibody production is:

A transplant between individuals of different animal species is known as:

The most important cause of bacterial sore throat is:

Which of the following is optimal specimen to be collected for the diagnosis of gonorrhoea by culture in males?

Which of the following bacteria are predominant flora of the human gut?

Which of the following is the most common zoonotic infection in the world?

Plague or the black death is transmitted by:

Which of the following is RNA virus?

Which of the following is DNA virus?

A chemical component that is found in all viruses is

Viruses range in size from:

Which is the commonest mode of transmission of HIV?

Following are the examples of re-emerging infections, except:

Genital discharge is present in:

Unicellular parasites belong to kingdom:

Helminths belong to kingdom:

A parasite that must spend at least part of its life cycle on or in a host is called:

Phylum Sporozoa contains

Most common organ involved in extraintestinal amoebiasis is:

Reservoir host of Entamoeba histolytica is:

Who first found and described malaria parasite?

The parasitic helminths that are most likely to be found in bile ducts, lungs and blood are the:

Which of the following is true of the microbial world?

To reduce the risk of open flame from Bunsen burners, microbiologists are increasingly using which of the following devices for easy, rapid benchtop sterilization of small pieces of equipment?

Ernst Haeckel proposed a classification system consisting of which of the following subgroups?

Viruses not included in phylogenetic trees for which of the following reasons?

For taxonomic classification of microbes, serological tests typically are used to do which of the following?

Which of the following indicates how bacteria and viruses typically compare in size?

Chitin cell walls are characteristic of which taxonomic group?

The cell walls of archaeans often contain which of the following substances?

Mycotoxins are produced by which type of organism?

Which of the following is true of the genetics of viruses?

Which microorganisms are used to make microbiological growth media?

Of the following scientists, who first promulgated the theory of abiogenesis?

A nanometer is______than a micrometer

Which recombinant DNA technique is used to replicate copies of a DNA molecule?