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Worksheets6th session
Total questions: 71
Worksheet time: 36mins
Which of these molecules is not formed by dehydration reactions?
fatty acids
disaccharides
DNA
protein
Which of these classes of biological molecules consist of both small molecules and macromolecular polymers?
lipids
carbohydrates
proteins
nucleic acids
Which of the following is not a polymer?
glucose
starch
cellulose
chitin
What is the chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers?
phosphodiester linkages
hydrolysis
dehydration reactions
ionic bonding of monomers
Which of the following polymers contain nitrogen?
starch
glycogen
cellulose
chitin
The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6 What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?
C18H36O18
C18H32O16
C6H10O5
C18H10O15
The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are the α form. Which of the following could amylase break down?
glycogen
cellulose
chitin
glycogen and chitin only
On food packages, to what does the term insoluble fiber refer?
cellulose
polypeptides
starch
amylopectin
Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?
as a pentose
as a hexose
as a monosaccharide
as a disaccharide
All of the following are polysaccharides except
lactose.
glycogen.
chitin.
cellulose
Which of the following is true of both starch and cellulose?
They are both polymers of glucose.
They are cis-trans isomers of each other.
They can both be digested by humans.
They are both used for energy storage in plants
Which of the following is true of cellulose?
It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose.
It is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells.
It is digestible by bacteria in the human gut.
It is a major structural component of plant cell walls.
Which of the following statements concerning saturated fats is not true?
They are more common in animals than in plants.
They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids.
They generally solidify at room temperature.
They contain more hydrogen than unsaturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms.
Which of the following statements is true for the class of biological molecules known as lipids?
They are insoluble in water.
They are made from glycerol, fatty acids, and phosphate.
They contain less energy than proteins and carbohydrates.
They are made by dehydration reactions.
Large organic molecules are usually assembled by polymerization of a few kinds of simple subunits. Which of the following is an exception to this statement?
a steroid
cellulose
DNA
an enzyme
Why are human sex hormones considered to be lipids?
They are essential components of cell membranes.
They are not soluble in water.
They are made of fatty acids.
They are hydrophilic compounds
All of the following contain amino acids except
hemoglobin.
cholesterol.
antibodies.
enzymes
The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires
the release of a water molecule.
the release of a carbon dioxide molecule.
the addition of a nitrogen atom.
the addition of a water molecule
Polysaccharides, triacylglycerides, and proteins are similar in that they
are synthesized from monomers by the process of hydrolysis.
are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions.
are synthesized as a result of peptide bond formation between monomers.
are decomposed into their subunits by dehydration reactions.
Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein?
Peptide bonds
hydrogen bonds
disulfide bonds
phosphodiester bonds
Which type of interaction stabilizes the α helix and the β pleated sheet structures of proteins?
hydrophobic interactions
disulfide bonds
ionic bonds
hydrogen bonds
Which level of protein structure do the α helix and the β pleated sheet represent?
primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary
The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the
primary level.
secondary level.
tertiary level.
quaternary level
The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are
phospolipids
cholesterol
proteins
triacylglycerols
Which of the following carbohydrate molecules has the lowest molecular weight?
cellulose
chitin
glucose
sucrose
Which of the following components of a tossed salad will pass through the human digestive tract and be digested the least?
Starch (in the croutons)
Cellulose (in the lettuce)
oil (in the dressing)
protein (in the bacon bits)
A polysaccharide that is used for storing energy in human muscle and liver Cells is
glycogen
glucose
starch
chitin
Some lipids are formed when fatty acids are linked to glycerol. These subunits are linked together by
ester linkages
glycosidic linkages
ionic bonds
phosphodiester linkages
Protein molecules are polymers (chains) of
purines and pyrimidines
DNA molecules
sucrose molecules
amino acid molecules
A nucleotide is made of which of the following chemical components?
a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar
a nitrogenous base, a fatty acid, and an amino acid
a nitrogenous base, an amino acid, and a phosphate group
a series of nitrogenous bases, a nucleic acid backbone, and a hexose sugar
Carbohydrates can function in which of the following ways?
structural support
information storage
structural support and energy storage
energy storage
Which of the following is a polymer?
testosterone, a steroid hormone
Cellulose, a plant cell wall component
glucose, an energy-rich molecule
fructose, a component of sucrose
At a conference, the speaker's grand finale was sauting mealworms (insect larvae) in butter and serving them to the audience. They were crunchy (like popcorn hulls) because their exoskeletons contain the polysaccharide
cellulose
Glycogen
Chitin
Collagen
The sex hormones estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone belong to which class of molecules?
carbohydrates
proteins
lipids
amino acids
Which of the following statements concerning unsaturated fats is true?
They contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms
They are more common in animals than in plants.
They generally solidify at room temperature.
They have double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids.
A glucose molecule is to starch as
a protein is to an amino acid
a nucleic acid is to a polypeptide
a nucleotide is to a nucleic acid
a steroid is to a lipid
In what polysaccharide form do plants store glucose to be available later as an energy source?
protein
glycogen
cellulose
starch
Which of the following categories includes all others in the list?
carbohydrate
disaccharide
polysaccharide
starch
Which of the following is the major energy storage compound of plant seeds?
glycogen
lipids
Cellulose
oils
The type of bond that forms to join monomers (such as sugars and amino acids) into polymers (such as starch and proteins is as(n) bond)
hydrogen
covalent
ionic
peptide
What do Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and mad cow disease have in common?
All have been associated with the buildup of misfolded proteins in cells,
They all cause the misfolding of nucleic acids.
They all associated with plaque buildup in arteries (atherosclerosis).
All are caused by the buildup of misfolded proteins in cells
On the basis of the principle of complementary base pairing, you would expect the percentage of to be equal to the percentage of
adenine ... thymine
thymine ... guanine
adenine ... cytosine
adenine ... guanine
What is the term used for a protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of other proteins?
tertiary protein
chaperonin
enzyme protein
renaturing protein
One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to
transmit genetic information to offspring.
function in the synthesis of proteins.
make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity.
act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA.
Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the pyrimidine type?
guanine and adenine
cytosine and uracil
thymine and guanine
ribose and deoxyribose
Which of the following is not a monomer/polymer pairing?
monosaccharide/polysaccharide
amino acid/ protein
triglyceride/ phospholipid bilayer
deoxyribonucleotide/ DNA
Which of the following is a common way bacteria cause disease?
By replicating inside human cells and destroying them.
By producing toxins that harm host tissues.
By interfering with DNA replication.
By consuming host nutrients excessively.
Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium commonly associated with which type of infection?
Pneumonia
Skin infections and food poisoning
Malaria
Tuberculosis
Which bacterial disease is characterized by severe diarrhea and dehydration?
Tetanus
Cholera
Typhoid fever
Diphtheria
How do beneficial bacteria in the human gut contribute to health?
They produce harmful toxins.
They compete with pathogenic bacteria and aid digestion.
They cause inflammation.
They solely absorb nutrients.
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affects which organ?
Liver
Kidneys
Lungs
Brain
What is a common mode of transmission for bacterial infections like strep throat?
Contaminated water
Airborne droplets
Insect bites
Direct sunlight exposure
Why is antibiotic resistance a growing concern in treating bacterial infections?
Antibiotics are becoming more expensive.
Bacteria are evolving to resist the effects of drugs.
Fewer new antibiotics are being developed.
Patients are not taking their medication correctly.
Botulism, a serious illness, is caused by toxins produced by which bacterium?
Escherichia coli
Clostridium botulinum
Salmonella typhi
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
How do viruses replicate?
They divide through binary fission like bacteria.
They produce their own energy and replicate independently.
They hijack host cell machinery to produce more viruses.
They grow larger and then split into new viral particles.
The common cold is primarily caused by which type of pathogen?
Bacteria
Fungi
Viruses
Parasites
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) primarily attacks which cells in the human body?
Red blood cells
Nerve cells
Immune system cells (CD4 T-cells)
Muscle cells
Which viral disease is characterized by a distinctive rash and fever, and can be prevented by vaccination?
Malaria
Measles
Cholera
Tetanus
Influenza (flu) is a viral infection that primarily affects which body system?
Digestive system
Respiratory system
Circulatory system
Skeletal system
Which of the following is an example of a latent viral infection?
Common cold
Measles
Herpes simplex (cold sores)
Influenza
How is COVID-19 primarily transmitted?
Through contaminated food.
Via insect vectors.
Through respiratory droplets and aerosols.
By touching contaminated surfaces only.
Exposure to which chemical can lead to respiratory problems and lung cancer, often found in cigarette smoke?
Water
Carbon dioxide
Tar and nicotine
Oxygen
What is the primary concern with prolonged exposure to heavy metals like lead and mercury?
They cause skin rashes.
They improve cognitive function.
They can accumulate in the body and cause organ damage.
They are easily flushed out of the body.
Pesticides, while useful in agriculture, can pose a risk to human health through which of the following?
Enhancing nutrient absorption.
Causing neurological damage and other health issues.
Boosting the immune system.
Providing essential vitamins.
What is the term for chemicals that mimic or interfere with the body's hormones?
Antioxidants
Neurotransmitters
Endocrine disruptors
Enzymes
Chronic exposure to high levels of air pollutants like particulate matter can lead to which health issues?
Improved vision.
Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.
Enhanced athletic performance.
Stronger bones.
Which chemical is known to be a potent carcinogen and is often found in industrial settings and tobacco smoke?
Ethanol
Benzene
Glucose
Sodium chloride
What is a common immediate effect of exposure to allergens (e.g., pollen, dust mites) in susceptible individuals?
Increased energy levels.
Allergic reactions like sneezing, itching, or difficulty breathing.
Improved concentration.
Lowered body temperature.
The consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol can primarily damage which organ over time?
Brain
Liver
Lungs
Kidneys
Which of the following bacterial diseases is transmitted by the bite of an infected tick?
Cholera
Lyme disease
Tuberculosis
Tetanus
Which chemical, commonly found in certain paints and older homes, is known to cause developmental and neurological problems in children?
Carbon monoxide
Lead
Chlorine
Formaldehyde
