news and ideas spreading online

wheat shipped overseas

tourists flying to Cairns

cars transported by rail

technology reduces travel/communication time so places feel closer

countries change their time zones frequently

maps are drawn at a smaller scale

the Earth’s crust is shrinking

time, cost and effort often increase with distance

roads get smoother the further you travel

mountains cause earthquakes

coastal areas are always cheaper to reach

local, national and global

only within cities

only between countries

only within neighbourhoods

media, stories and personal experience

earthquake frequency

day length alone

official borders only

access goods/services they cannot produce efficiently

increase border delays

reduce cultural exchange

make all prices higher

iron ore

smartphones

luxury sports cars

raw silk

crude oil

bauxite

thermal coal

iron ore

the steps linking production, processing, transport and sale

a tax on imports

a single factory's weekly output

a customer loyalty programme

reducing handling time and cost across ships, trains and trucks

replacing ports with airports

slowing ships but increasing size

removing customs checks

a tax on imported goods

a type of government subsidy

a form of currency

an international treaty

A) exports more than it imports

B) imports more than it exports

C) halts all trade

D) trades only with neighbours

turning milk into cheese

mining iron ore

growing raw cotton

catching wild fish

ensure producers receive a fair price and better conditions

raise tariffs on chocolate

ban small farms from exporting

lower product quality

deep-water access and links to rail/road networks

proximity to ski fields

very high rainfall

distance from all cities

expanding businesses’ markets beyond the local area

eliminating delivery services

reducing product variety

banning customer reviews

a service export

a limit on domestic sales

a safety certificate

a shipping insurance policy

the internet

steam locomotives

canals

horse mail

GPS satellites

barometers

seismographs

weather balloons

National Broadband Network

Northern Business Network

National Banking Node

Network Bus Navigator

paying for goods using a smartphone app

planting trees in a park

riding a bicycle to work

reading a paperback novel

map and analyse spatial data

predict lottery numbers

teach grammar rules

bake bread efficiently

linking drivers and riders via a digital platform

replacing all public transport

remote work and learning across long distances

faster sea freight

lower electricity prices

more traffic congestion

unequal access to devices and reliable internet

an ocean trench

a border conflict

a highway toll

data breaches and identity theft

more earthquakes

less biodiversity

higher rainfall

last-mile logistics in urban areas

global oil prices

volcanic activity

the water cycle

access data and services from anywhere with internet

generate electricity at home

predict daily rainfall perfectly

grow food indoors without light

reducing isolation through reliable connectivity

increasing commute times

removing local jobs

a community living outside its homeland

a temporary market stall

a type of visa

a single-industry town

money migrants send back to families in their country of origin

a tourism tax

company profits sent offshore

government grants to farmers

personal networks that cross distance and borders

new mountain ranges

farming cooperatives only

national park boundaries

moving people, money and culture between places

stopping cultural exchange

reducing service jobs

eliminating seasonal work

educational and cultural links

mining leases

changing local weather

defence treaties

job and study opportunities

fewer services

poor transport

lack of amenities

video-calling family overseas

measuring rainfall with a gauge

reading a road atlas

printing a poster

origin communities receive remittances while destinations gain labour and skills

only destinations benefit from migration

only origin countries benefit from migration

migration has no economic effects

sensors and data to manage traffic, energy and services

only paper records

no public transport

random traffic lights

daily needs reachable by a short walk or cycle

all trips done by car

closing local shops

moving schools far away

electric buses powered by renewable energy

single-occupancy petrol cars

frequent short-haul flights

two-stroke motorbikes

planning for protection, accommodation or managed retreat

building on eroding dunes without permits

ignoring hazard maps

removing evacuation routes

disruptions causing shortages (e.g., during pandemics)

guaranteed constant supply

lower product diversity

no need for storage

global products or ideas are adapted to local cultures

local goods are banned internationally

maps are made only in black and white

crops are grown only indoors

access to online markets and services

isolation from all trade

loss of internet access

closure of schools