Which of the following is not part of the lower extremity?

Which of the following best describes the medical condition of shock?

Failure of the liver would result in which of the following?

What causes the "seesaw" breathing pattern of young children?

Which of the following makes up more than half of the volume of blood in the body?

What is the large, wing-shaped bone on either side of the pelvis?

A clot cannot form without which of the following blood components?

Which of the following respiratory processes requires the active use of muscles?

Which of the following is not a function of the skin?

Which of the following terms describes the heart muscle's ability to generate its own electrical impulses?

What are the two most easily injured portions of the spine?

Which layer of the skin is exposed to the environment?

Which of the following structures do not form part of the thorax?

You have been dispatched to the site of a construction accident where a 36-year-old male patient was moderately cut by some machinery. His left arm has a 4" deep laceration that appears to have stopped bleeding with the gauze and direct pressure applied by his coworkers. Your knowledge of physiology suggests that which component of blood was partially responsible for forming clotting factors to stop the bleeding?

What is the bone on the thumb side of the forearm?

Which of the following structures or tissues is not part of the musculoskeletal system?

Physiology is the study of:

What two body systems are critical for the life support chain?

Your 15-year-old patient was playing baseball today and was struck in the face by a baseball bat. As you assess his injuries and manage spinal immobilization, you note that several of his teeth are broken and he seems to have deformity and pain isolated to his lower jaw. The lower jaw bone is also known as the:

You are on the scene at a local park where a 51-year-old male is reported to be confused and having difficulty walking. Your partner notes that the patient is wearing a bracelet indicating he is diabetic. Upon questioning, the patient is able to report that he has not eaten in 8 hours. Your knowledge of pathophysiology suggests that the patient may be suffering from a diabetic emergency. Glucose is a building block for what form of energy in the cell?

Your patient is a 22-year-old female who accidentally ate some shellfish and is now having a severe reaction. She tells you that the last time she ate shellfish, 'They had to put a breathing tube in my throat and I almost died.' Her face is starting to swell up and you can hear audible wheezing when she breathes. The chemical that produces edema and narrowing of the airways during hypersensitivity reactions like this is called:

Injuries to the brain and spinal cord, sepsis, and systemic allergic reactions can cause what similar cardiovascular problem?

A 59-year-old male has suffered a severe laceration from a circular saw while cutting wood in his garage. Upon your arrival, you find the patient sitting on the floor in a pool of blood. He is extremely pale. Based on your knowledge of pathophysiology, you would expect his body to try to compensate for the blood loss in all of the following ways, except:

What is the best description of the chest's mechanical functions?

Production of energy occurs in what part of the cell?

A 12-year-old female patient is having an asthma attack after participating in some strenuous activity during recess at school. She's taken several doses of her own bronchodilator with little relief. Your partner immediately administers oxygen. Providing supplemental oxygen will increase the amount of oxygen molecules carried by the _______ in her blood, helping oxygenate critical organs like the brain.

Which of the following is not an indicator that a patient's nervous system has been impaired?

An infection of the protective covering for the brain and spinal cord is called:

Plasma oncotic pressure is created by the movement of which of the following?

You and your EMT partner respond to a local shipping warehouse for a worker who was hit by a falling crate. Upon arrival, you find the man lying on the concrete floor of the facility, alert and oriented but unable to move or even feel his legs below the waist. Based on the mechanism of injury and the symptoms, which of the patient's body systems would you suspect has been impaired?

_______ blood returns to the right side of the heart.

You are caring for a 25-year-old male patient who has been shot once in the head. The patient is in extremis (near the point of death) with a noticeable breathing pattern that alternates between no breathing and fast breathing. Your understanding of pathophysiology leads you to believe the breathing pattern may be due to damage to the section of his brain responsible for respiratory control, also known as the:

Stroke volume depends on a series of factors: one is the force the myocardial muscle exerts to move the blood. This is known as:

Carbon dioxide is transported back to the lungs via:

The pressure that is created within the blood vessels when the heart beats is called:

Daniel has been performing landscaping on a hot, humid summer day when he suddenly becomes dizzy and feels like he might faint. This disruption of fluid balance is most likely caused by:

Patients in late adulthood are likely to face which of the following challenges?

In which age group do you anticipate seeing patients who have less efficient cardiovascular systems and a reduction of previous blood volume?

At which of the following stages is toilet-training most likely to begin?

Middle adulthood is the stage of life from _______ to _______ years.

Your 4-month-old patient is reported to be irritable and lethargic after feeding poorly for two days. One method for assessing the patient's level of hydration is to look at one of the soft spots on the surface of the skull. This soft spot is known as the:

Which of the following would be a normal set of vitals for a 4-year-old male patient?

Which of the following is the feeling infants get when they know all their needs will be met?

When you startle a 4-month-old, he throws his arms out, spreads his fingers, then grabs with his fingers and arms. The reaction is known as the:

You have been dispatched to a shopping mall to assess a 1-month-old female patient that tumbled out of her stroller while her mother was shopping. Upon your arrival, the baby is awake, alert, and happily smiling and cooing at her mom. The mother reports that the child did not appear to suffer any injuries as a result of the fall. As you assess the patient and place your finger in her hand, she grasps it tightly. This is known as the:

A 26-month-old toddler is reported to have fallen and lacerated his chin. His mother did not witness the fall. As you proceed through your assessment, your partner reports that she's concerned about his heart rate, which she measures as 64. She's checked it twice. Your knowledge of normal vital signs for a patient this age suggests that his heart rate is:

Patients in which age group tend to be very concerned with body image?

You are caring for a 4-month-old male patient who is reported to have vomited five times today. His parents describe no other associated symptoms or complaints. The patient is lying on the couch with a pacifier in his mouth, smiling at you. Developmentally, you would expect a patient of this age to be able to:

The transition from childhood to adulthood is known as which of the following?

Which of the following stages is commonly referred to as "the twilight years"?

Your 89-year-old male patient has called for help because he almost passed out after bringing in his garbage cans from the curb. The patient lives alone and says that he became panicked when he started feeling so lightheaded and dizzy. Patients in this age group often undergo all of the following changes to their health except:

You have been called to a private residence where a 16-year-old female patient is reported by her parents to be "acting strangely" and possibly "on something." Upon your arrival, the patient is locked in her bedroom refusing to open the door. The patient refuses to speak to you and will only come out if her best friend is present. Your knowledge of life-span development indicates that the following characteristics are common with a patient of this age.

What is the stage of development where there are several physiological and psychosocial changes, second only to those seen in infancy or adolescence?

You are assessing a 12-year-old male patient who has been involved in a bicycle accident. This patient would be classified as being in which stage of life?

When you place your finger in an infant's palm, she grasps it with her fingers. This is an example of which reflex?

You are assessing a 6-month-old female patient who, according to the parents, is not acting normally. At this stage of development, the patient should be able to do which of the following?

When inserting an oropharyngeal airway, how many degrees do you need to rotate the airway so the tip is pointing down into the patient's pharynx?

Which of the following is true concerning the procedure for inserting a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA)?

Perhaps the simplest way to determine if a patient has a patent airway is to:

To be effective, a suction unit must be able to generate air flow of at least _______ liters per minute and create a vacuum of no less than _______ mmHg.

You are ventilating an 85-year-old male without difficulty. A nurse tells you that the patient has dentures. To ensure a good mask seal, you should:

Which of the following should be kept in mind when assessing and managing the airway of a pediatric patient?

On which of the following types of calls should you bring your portable suction unit to the patient's side upon arrival on the scene?

Which of the following is the correct method of suctioning?

Which of the following is a sign of an inadequate airway?

The trachea branches at the ________ and forms two mainstem bronchi.

What is the sound of the soft tissue of the upper airway creating impedance or partial obstruction to the flow of air?

When suctioning the airway, you should try to limit suctioning to no longer than ________ seconds at a time.

Which of the following patients should not have their airway opened using a head–tilt, chin–lift maneuver?

The jaw–thrust maneuver is the only ________ airway procedure for an unconscious patient with possible head, neck, or spine injury or an unknown mechanism of injury.

You have performed a head tilt–chin lift maneuver on a 17–month–old boy and are attempting to ventilate him with a bag–valve mask. You are experiencing a lot of resistance with each breath and the chest is barely rising. Prior to attempting ventilations again, you should:

You are ventilating a cardiac arrest patient when he begins to vomit copious amounts of large pieces of undigested food. Which of the following would be most effective in clearing the airway?

Which of the following is a disadvantage of oropharyngeal airways (OPAs)?

Which of the following is an advantage of using a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA)?

What is the danger that an altered mental status can pose to a patient's breathing?

The high-pitched sound caused by an upper airway obstruction is known as:

Why is inhalation described as an active process?

What two measurements are multiplied to calculate the minute volume?

Concerning the use of humidified oxygen, which of the following is true?

The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood is called:

You and your EMT partner are preparing to ventilate an elderly non-trauma patient who has a stoma. Your partner performs the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver and you ask him to return the patient's head to a neutral position. "Why? This is not a pediatric patient!" your partner protests. What would you say?

Which of these patients would require a tracheostomy mask for supplemental oxygen administration?

The oxygen flow rate for a nasal cannula should not exceed ​ liters per minute.

When does respiratory distress change to respiratory failure?

Of the three types of oxygen flowmeters, which one can only be used upright?

For life to be maintained, a balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide is needed. The condition when oxygen levels are low is called:

Which of the following colors identifies an oxygen cylinder?

You have arrived at the scene of a call for a "man down." As you enter the residence you note that your patient is a male in his mid-60s who is awake but does not seem to acknowledge your presence. He is perspiring profusely, has cyanosis of his ears and lips, and has rapid, shallow respirations. Which of the following should you do first?

Which of the following can cause respiratory depression?

Your patient is a 65-year-old male with a history of COPD. He is sitting up and complaining of a severe shortness of breath. You should:

Your patient is a 55-year-old man with a history of chronic bronchitis. You have been called to his home today because of an increase in his level of respiratory distress. The patient is on 2 liters per minute of oxygen by nasal cannula at home. Your assessment reveals difficulty speaking due to shortness of breath, leaning forward to breathe, a productive cough, and a respiratory rate of 32 per minute. Which of the following is true concerning the best course of action for this patient?

You are aggressively ventilating an adult patient with a bag-valve mask when you notice that his previously strong pulse is getting weaker. You should:

What are the signs of hypoxia?

The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the cell membranes from the capillaries is called:

Which of the following best describes inadequate breathing?

Which of the following statements best describes the exchange of gas in the alveoli?