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WorksheetsREVIEW - CONTRASTIVE LINGUISTICS - VP1-PT-HD2
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 30mins
Contrastive Linguistics mainly studies:
Only English grammar
The similarities and differences between two or more languages
How to memorize vocabulary faster
How to translate word by word
The main goal of contrastive analysis is to:
Prove one language is better than another
Find typical errors caused by the mother tongue
Teach culture only
Avoid learning grammar
Which sentence shows word order difference between English and Vietnamese?
She is a teacher. - Cô ấy là giáo viên.
A beautiful house - Một ngôi nhà đẹp
I love you - Tôi yêu bạn.
Thank you - Cảm ơn bạn.
In English we say "I am 20 years old", but in Vietnamese we say "Tôi 20 tuổi". This shows:
Vocabulary difference
Grammar difference
Pronunciation difference
Pragmatic difference
Which of the following is NOT an application of Contrastive Linguistics?
Language teaching
Translation
Identifying common learner errors
Cooking recipes
Vietnamese learners often pronounce "th" in think as /t/. This is because:
English spelling is strange
Vietnamese doesn't have the "th" sound
Students are lazy
The sound is not important
In Vietnamese, one word "cơm" can mean:
Rice (general), cooked rice
Only paddy
Only uncooked rice
Pasta
Which is the correct definition of Tertium Comparationis?
The universal point of comparison between two languages
The grammar book of English
A method of teaching culture
A translation technique
When learners transfer patterns from their mother tongue to the new language, it is called:
Code-switching
Language transfer
Bilingualism
Translation
Why should teachers know about contrastive analysis?
To punish students better
To predict and explain learner errors
To memorize irregular verbs
To avoid speaking the mother tongue
One important application of CL is in:
Improving translation accuracy
Designing furniture
Playing sports
Singing
Which of these is a possible outcome of CL?
Predicting common learner errors
Reducing exam questions
Avoiding all mistakes
Forgetting grammar rules
In translation, CL helps translators by:
Ignoring source language
Finding equivalence across languages
Making texts longer
Using only literal translation
Which of these is outside the scope of CL?
Syntax
Phonology
Morphology
Sports terminology
CL differs from Comparative Linguistics in that:
CL compares living languages for teaching/application
CL studies historical family trees
CL ignores differences
CL only studies phonetics
Why is CL important in Vietnam today?
It helps improve English teaching and translation
It improves agriculture
It reduces tuition fees
It supports tourism only
The first principle of CL is:
Compare without a standard
Compare with a tertium comparationis
Avoid similarities
Translate directly
Which principle stresses comparing items of the same level?
Equivalence
Randomness
Borrowing
Translation
Which method is widely used in CL?
Descriptive and comparative analysis
Guessing
Memorization
Random sampling
Why is "equivalence" important in CL?
It avoids confusion
It removes grammar rules
It prevents translation
It reduces vocabulary
What is the main difference between absolute and partial equivalence?
Absolute = perfect match
Partial = no relation
Absolute = no similarity
No difference
Which step is NOT in the CL procedure?
Choose languages
Select tertium comparationis
Collect data
Ignore analysis
CL research must always be:
Subjective
Objective
Emotional
Random
One challenge in CL is:
Finding true equivalence
Memorizing every word
Writing long texts
Avoiding teaching
A common method in CL is:
Translation equivalence
Historical reconstruction
Dialectology
Guessing
CL requires the researcher to:
Know both languages well
Focus only on L1
Use only English
Avoid comparing
Which is NOT a level of CL analysis?
Phonology
Vocabulary
Syntax
Geography
In phonology, CL may compare:
Stress and intonation patterns
Cooking style
Furniture
Traffic rules
Example: English has final consonant clusters, Vietnamese doesn't. This is a:
Phonological difference
Lexical difference
Pragmatic difference
Cultural difference
Lexical analysis often finds that:
One word in L1 = one word in L2
One word in L1 may = several in L2
Words are always the same
Meanings never differ
Vietnamese has no articles (a, the), English does. This is a:
Grammatical difference
Phonological difference
Lexical difference
Cultural difference
Pragmatic analysis in CL focuses on:
Language use in context
Grammar rules only
Phonetics only
Word lists
When English speakers say "Could you open the window?", it's a polite request. In Vietnamese, the direct equivalent may sound:
Rude
Polite
Neutral
Confusing
Syntax analysis may compare:
Word order in sentences
Pronunciation
Vocabulary lists
Dialects
In semantics, the word school in English may mean both "building" and "institution". In Vietnamese, "trường" usually = building. This shows:
Semantic difference
Phonological difference
Pragmatic difference
Grammatical difference
CL analysis at multiple levels helps:
Predict learner difficulties
Avoid grammar
Make lessons shorter
Ignore translation
A Vietnamese learner says: He go to school every day. → The error is caused by:
Using present continuous incorrectly
Missing third person singular "-s"
Wrong verb tense
Adding an unnecessary auxiliary
A common interference from Vietnamese in English writing is:
Overusing passive voice
Lack of subject in sentences
Using too many relative clauses
Double negatives
"She very beautiful" is wrong because:
Missing verb "is"
Wrong tense
Redundant word
Misplaced adjective
Which error is due to negative transfer?
"She is tall."
"I very like coffee."
"We are friends."
"They play football."
Why do learners often mispronounce English final consonants?
Vietnamese has fewer final consonants
English spelling is difficult
Stress rules are complex
Learners don't practice enough
Which sentence shows positive transfer?
"He go to school."
"I very like music."
"I have a book."
"She teacher."
Teachers can reduce interference by:
Ignoring errors
Explaining structural differences clearly
Avoiding translation
Speaking faster
"School" in English vs "trường" in Vietnamese is an example of:
Semantic non-equivalence
Morphological difference
Syntactic equivalence
Pragmatic failure
Which translation is an example of literal translation?
"Time is money" → "Thời gian là tiền bạc"
"It rains cats and dogs" → "Mưa như trút nước"
"He kicked the bucket" → "Ông ấy chết"
"Out of sight, out of mind" → "Xa mặt cách lòng"
Which is an idiomatic translation?
"Time is money" → "Thời gian là tiền bạc"
"It rains cats and dogs" → "Mưa như trút nước"
"He goes to school" → "Anh ấy đi học"
"She is a teacher" → "Cô ấy là giáo viên"
Why is CL useful for translators?
It helps avoid mistranslations
It focuses only on grammar rules
It ignores culture
It creates new idioms
"Cơm" in Vietnamese requires context for translation because:
It is slang
It has multiple meanings (rice, meal, cooked rice)
It has no vowels
It is borrowed from Chinese
Which is an example of untranslatable words?
Rice
Book
Happiness
Bánh chưng
When translating proverbs, the best way is:
Translate word by word
Use equivalent proverb in target language
Create a new proverb
Ignore it
"Would you like some tea?" → "Bạn có muốn uống trà không?" sounds:
More polite in Vietnam
More formal
Less polite
Exactly equivalent
A difference in speech act between English and Vietnamese:
English uses more indirectness
Vietnamese uses more indirectness
Both equally direct
Both equally indirect
Which level of language is most difficult for translation between English and Vietnamese?
Phonological
Morphological
Pragmatic
Orthographic
Which of the following is a syntactic difference?
English adjectives come before nouns, Vietnamese adjectives come after.
Both languages mark plurality the same way
Both use articles before nouns
English has tone like Vietnamese
Which example shows lexical non-equivalence?
“Teacher” → giáo viên
“Dog” → chó
“Book” → sách
“Rice” → cơm/gạo
“She very beautiful” is an error because:
Wrong tense
Missing verb “is”
Wrong adjective order
Unnecessary pronoun
Which is an example of pragmatic failure?
Saying “How are you?” to a friend
Asking “Where are you from?”
Saying “Close the door!” to a professor
Saying “Thank you” after help
In Vietnamese, addressing people requires:
Just “you” for all cases
Numbers
Kinship terms (anh, chị, cô…)
Titles only
nglish uses “you” for all second-person reference. Vietnamese distinguishes based on:
Only gender
Age, gender, social status
Occupation only
Random choice
Why is pragmatics important in CL?
It teaches only vocabulary.
It focuses only on phonetics.
It ignores cultural values.
It explains misunderstandings in cross-cultural communication.
