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PRCC_4MT-P5

Total questions: 136

Worksheet time: 1hrs 8mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Maximally absorbed in the duodenum; thereby favors acidic pH
a)
Calcium
b)
Inorganic Phosphorus
c)
Magnesium
2.
99% in the bone and 1% is in the ECF
a)
Calcium
b)
Inorganic Phosphorus
c)
Magnesium
3.
Functions: blood coagulation, enzyme activity, excitability of skeletal and cardiac muscle, and maintenance of blood pressure
a)
Calcium
b)
Inorganic Phosphorus
c)
Magnesium
4.
Estrogen deficiency leads to reduce formation of active vitamin D
a)
Calcium
b)
Inorganic Phosphorus
c)
Magnesium
5.
Factors affecting the levels of this electrolyte include: 1. Vitamin D (1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol) 2. Parathyroid hormone 3. Calcitonin - promotes urinary excretion
a)
Calcium
b)
Inorganic Phosphorus
c)
Magnesium
6.
increases calcium
a)
Vitamin D (1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol)
b)
Parathyroid hormone
c)
Calcitonin - promotes urinary excretion
7.
decreases calcium
a)
Vitamin D (1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol)
b)
Parathyroid hormone
c)
Calcitonin - promotes urinary excretion
8.
Normal levels of this electrolyte in the plasma promotes good cardiac output, adequate blood pressure, and it is beneficial to patients in surgery or intensive care
a)
Calcium
b)
Inorganic Phosphorus
c)
Magnesium
9.
These two metabolism are closely/ directly related. (along with potassium)
a)
Calcium
b)
Inorganic Phosphorus
c)
Magnesium
10.
Specific indicator of Calcium
a)
Ionized Calcium
b)
Protein
c)
Complexed with anions
11.
50%
a)
Ionized Calcium
b)
Protein
c)
Complexed with anions
12.
40%
a)
Ionized Calcium
b)
Protein
c)
Complexed with anions
13.
10%
a)
Ionized Calcium
b)
Protein
c)
Complexed with anions
14.
Complexed with anions
a)
50%
b)
40%
c)
10%
15.
Protein (mostly albumin)
a)
50%
b)
40%
c)
10%
16.
Ionized (active) calcium
a)
50%
b)
40%
c)
10%
17.
Hyperparathyroidism - main cause
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
18.
Benign familial hypocalciuria
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
19.
Milk alkali syndrome (MAS)
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
20.
Acidosis
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
21.
Multiple myeloma
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
22.
Sarcoidosis
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
23.
Diabetes mellitus - Increased ketoacids and non ketoacids
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
24.
Cancer (lung and mammary) - PTH related peptide
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
25.
CHIMPS -Cancer -Hyperthyroidism -Iatrogenic issues -Multiple myeloma -HYperparathyroidism -Sarcoidoisis
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
26.
Primary hypothyroidism
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
27.
Hypomagnesemia
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
28.
Acute pancreatitis
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
29.
Malabsorption syndrome
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
30.
DiGeorge syndrome (zinc is decreased as well)
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
31.
Fluoride poisoning
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
32.
Multiple transfusion
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
33.
Alkalosis
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
34.
Vitamin D deficiency
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
35.
Rhabdomyolysis
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
36.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
37.
Renal failure - urinary excretion
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
38.
CHARD -Calcitonin Hypoparathyroidism -Alkalosis -Renal failure -Vitamin D deficit
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
39.
Serum protein: Dehydration or hemoconcentration may elevate serum albumin
a)
Increased total calcium
b)
Decreased calcium
40.
Serum protein: A decrease in plasma protein concentration will result in
a)
Increased total calcium
b)
Decreased calcium
41.
recumbent posture
a)
Increased total calcium
b)
Decreased calcium
42.
Venous occlusion
a)
Increased total calcium
b)
Decreased calcium
43.
Best sample for total calcium
a)
Whole blood
b)
Serum
c)
Plasma
d)
Urine
e)
Heparin
44.
Best sample for ionized calcium
a)
Whole blood
b)
Serum
c)
Plasma
d)
Urine
e)
Heparin
45.
Heparin preparation: dry heparin (sodium/ lithium heparin and calcium titrated heparin) Preferred anticoagulant: Calcium titrated heparin Collection and transport: Anaerobically transported on ice (iCa is affected by pH, aerobiosis, transport and storage)
a)
True
b)
False
46.
Free calcium + Protein bound calcium
a)
Total Calcium
b)
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
c)
Precipitation and Redox titration
d)
Colorimetry
47.
Reference method
a)
Total Calcium
b)
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
c)
Precipitation and Redox titration
d)
Colorimetry
48.
Clark collip and ferro ham chloranilic acid precipitation
a)
Total Calcium
b)
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
c)
Precipitation and Redox titration
d)
Colorimetry
49.
for total calcium
a)
Total Calcium
b)
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
c)
Precipitation and Redox titration
d)
Colorimetry
50.
Ortho-Cresolpthalein Complexone Dyes (OCC)
a)
Total Calcium
b)
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
c)
Precipitation and Redox titration
d)
Colorimetry
51.
Arzenazo III dye
a)
Total Calcium
b)
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
c)
Precipitation and Redox titration
d)
Colorimetry
52.
Bachra
a)
EDTA titration method
b)
Ion-selective electrode
c)
Flame Emission Photometry
53.
Dawer
a)
EDTA titration method
b)
Ion-selective electrode
c)
Flame Emission Photometry
54.
Sobel
a)
EDTA titration method
b)
Ion-selective electrode
c)
Flame Emission Photometry
55.
Liquid membrane
a)
EDTA titration method
b)
Ion-selective electrode
c)
Flame Emission Photometry
56.
Distribution = 80% are in the bones, 20% are in the tissues, and <1% is found in the plasma.
a)
Calcium
b)
Inorganic phosphorus
c)
Magnesium
d)
Bicarbonate
57.
This electrolyte is for insulin-mediated-glucose entry.
a)
Calcium
b)
Inorganic phosphorus
c)
Magnesium
d)
Bicarbonate
58.
It is an important constituent of high-energy compounds (ATP), nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), enzyme cofactors (NADPH), and lipids (phspholipids)
a)
Calcium
b)
Inorganic phosphorus
c)
Magnesium
d)
Bicarbonate
59.
Principal anion within cells.
a)
Organic phosphate
b)
Inorganic phosphate
60.
Part of the blood buffer; most phosphate in serum is in this form.
a)
Organic phosphate
b)
Inorganic phosphate
61.
55%
a)
Free phosphorus
b)
Complexed with ions
c)
Protein-bound
62.
35%
a)
Free phosphorus
b)
Complexed with ions
c)
Protein-bound
63.
10%
a)
Free phosphorus
b)
Complexed with ions
c)
Protein-bound
64.
Free
a)
55%
b)
35%
c)
10%
65.
Complex with ions
a)
55%
b)
35%
c)
10%
66.
Protein-bound
a)
55%
b)
35%
c)
10%
67.
Inorganic phosphorus is inversely related to...
a)
Calcium
b)
Inorganic phosphorus
c)
Magnesium
d)
Bicarbonate
68.
Decreases phosphate by renal excretion/most important factor
a)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
b)
Vitamin D
c)
Calcitonin
d)
Growth hormone (GH)
69.
Increases both phosphate absorption in the intestine and reabsorption in the kidney
a)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
b)
Vitamin D
c)
Calcitonin
d)
Growth hormone (GH)
70.
Inhibits bone resorption; thereby DECREASING (v) PO4
a)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
b)
Vitamin D
c)
Calcitonin
d)
Growth hormone (GH)
71.
Increases phosphate by decreasing renal excretion
a)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
b)
Vitamin D
c)
Calcitonin
d)
Growth hormone (GH)
72.
Hypoparathyroidism = Decreased PTH = Decreased Calcium = but INCREASED PO4
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
73.
Hypoparathyroidism
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
74.
Renal failure or tubular failure
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
75.
Phosphate from cow's milk or laxative
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
76.
Hypervitaminosis D
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
77.
Increased breakdown of cells
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
78.
Severe infections
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
79.
Intensive exercise
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
80.
Neoplastic disorders
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
81.
Intravascular hemolysis
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
82.
Transcellular shift is the major cause of this phenomenon. An increased shift in phosphate into cells can lead to __ phosphate in the blood.
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
83.
Diabetic ketoacidosis -> Diabetic coma
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
84.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
85.
Asthma
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
86.
Alcohol abuse
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
87.
Primary hyperparathyroidism
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
88.
Malignancy
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
89.
Avitaminosis D
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
90.
Long term treatment with parenteral nutrition
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
91.
Inflammatory bowel disease
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
92.
Anorexia nervosa
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
93.
Renal tubular defects
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
94.
Diuretics
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
95.
Is fasting required when testing for inorganic phosphorus?
a)
Yes
b)
No
c)
Maybe
d)
I don't know
96.
This can lead to decreased levels of phosphorus.
a)
Fasting
b)
High CHO diet
c)
Sadness
d)
Anger
97.
In late morning, phosphorus is...
a)
Low
b)
High
98.
In the afternoon, phosphorus is...
a)
Low
b)
High
99.
It is the most commonly used method to measure serum inorganic phosphate
a)
Fiske Subbarow Method (Ammonium molybdate method)
b)
Folin Wu Method
c)
GC MS
d)
MS/MS
100.
An intracellular cation second to Potassium (K+)
a)
Inorganic phosphorus
b)
Magnesium
c)
Bicarbonate
d)
Calcium
101.
Majority of this electrolyte is stored in the bones.
a)
Inorganic phosphorus
b)
Magnesium
c)
Bicarbonate
d)
Calcium
102.
4th most abundant cation
a)
Inorganic phosphorus
b)
Magnesium
c)
Bicarbonate
d)
Calcium
103.
Which of the following electrolyte is a vasodilator and cause decrease uterine hyperactivity in eclampsic states and is associated with increased uterine blood flow?
a)
Inorganic phosphorus
b)
Magnesium
c)
Bicarbonate
d)
Calcium
104.
Which of the following electrolyte is important in maintaining the structure of DNA, RNA, and Ribosomes?
a)
Inorganic phosphorus
b)
Magnesium
c)
Bicarbonate
d)
Calcium
105.
Which of the following electrolyte is associated with synthesis of CHO, CHONS, and lipids?
a)
Inorganic phosphorus
b)
Magnesium
c)
Bicarbonate
d)
Calcium
106.
Which of the following electrolyte is responsible for regulating movement of potassium across myocardium?
a)
Inorganic phosphorus
b)
Magnesium
c)
Bicarbonate
d)
Calcium
107.
Which of the following electrolyte is life threatening and symptoms occur if it reach 5 mmol/L (leads to cardiac problem)
a)
Inorganic phosphorus
b)
Magnesium
c)
Bicarbonate
d)
Calcium
108.
PTH
a)
Increased Magnesium
b)
Decreased Magnesium
109.
Aldosterone and T4
a)
Increased Magnesium
b)
Decreased Magnesium
110.
Addison's disease
a)
Hypermagnesemia
b)
Hypomagnesemia
111.
Antacid intake
a)
Hypermagnesemia
b)
Hypomagnesemia
112.
Severe diarrhea
a)
Hypermagnesemia
b)
Hypomagnesemia
113.
Acute renal failure
a)
Hypermagnesemia
b)
Hypomagnesemia
114.
Malnutrition
a)
Hypermagnesemia
b)
Hypomagnesemia
115.
Malabsorption syndrome
a)
Hypermagnesemia
b)
Hypomagnesemia
116.
Chronic alcoholism
a)
Hypermagnesemia
b)
Hypomagnesemia
117.
Which of the following diseases under hypomagnesemia leads to decreased levels of Potassium (K+) as well?
a)
Severe diarrhea
b)
Acute renal failure
c)
Malnutrition
d)
Malabsorption syndrome
e)
Chronic alcoholism
118.
Which of the following methods under Magnesium produces reddish-violet complex and a colorimetric method?
a)
Calmagite Method
b)
Formazen Dye method
c)
Magnesium thymol blue method
119.
2nd most abundant anion in the ECF
a)
Inorganic phosphorus
b)
Magnesium
c)
Bicarbonate
d)
Calcium
120.
Involved in the Chloride shift
a)
Inorganic phosphorus
b)
Magnesium
c)
Bicarbonate
d)
Calcium
121.
This electrolyte is a blood buffer.
a)
Inorganic phosphorus
b)
Magnesium
c)
Bicarbonate
d)
Calcium
122.
GI loss
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
123.
Diabetes mellitus (DM)
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
124.
Hyperchloremicacidosis
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
125.
Lactic acidosis
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
126.
Vomiting
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
127.
Overcorrection of hypercapnia
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
128.
Mineral corticoid excess - high aldosterone
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
129.
Iatrogenic (NaHCO3)
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
130.
Total volume loss - dehydrated, diuretics
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
131.
High pH
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
132.
Compensation is done via Hypoventilation
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
133.
Compensation is done via hyperventilation
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
134.
pH is low
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
135.
Compensation of metabolic acidosis
a)
Hypoventilation
b)
Hyperventilation
136.
Compensation of metabolic alkalosis
a)
Hypoventilation
b)
Hyperventilation