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PRCC_4MT-P5

Total questions: 142

Worksheet time: 1hrs 11mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Maximally absorbed in the duodenum; thereby favors acidic pH
a)
Calcium
b)
Inorganic Phosphorus
c)
Magnesium
2.
99% in the bone and 1% is in the ECF
a)
Calcium
b)
Inorganic Phosphorus
c)
Magnesium
3.
Functions: blood coagulation, enzyme activity, excitability of skeletal and cardiac muscle, and maintenance of blood pressure
a)
Calcium
b)
Inorganic Phosphorus
c)
Magnesium
4.
Estrogen deficiency leads to reduce formation of active vitamin D
a)
Calcium
b)
Inorganic Phosphorus
c)
Magnesium
5.
Factors affecting the levels of this electrolyte include: 1. Vitamin D (1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol) 2. Parathyroid hormone 3. Calcitonin - promotes urinary excretion
a)
Calcium
b)
Inorganic Phosphorus
c)
Magnesium
6.
Which of the following factors increases calcium?
a)
Vitamin D (1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol)
b)
Parathyroid hormone
c)
Calcitonin - promotes urinary excretion
7.
Which of the following factors decreases calcium?
a)
Vitamin D (1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol)
b)
Parathyroid hormone
c)
Calcitonin - promotes urinary excretion
8.
Normal levels of this electrolyte in the plasma promotes good cardiac output, adequate blood pressure, and it is beneficial to patients in surgery or intensive care
a)
Calcium
b)
Inorganic Phosphorus
c)
Magnesium
9.
These two metabolism are closely/ directly related. (along with potassium)
a)
Calcium
b)
Inorganic Phosphorus
c)
Magnesium
10.
Specific indicator of Calcium
a)
Ionized Calcium
b)
Protein
c)
Complexed with anions
11.
Which of the following forms makes up 50% of calcium?
a)
Ionized Calcium
b)
Protein
c)
Complexed with anions
12.
Which of the following forms makes up 40% of calcium?
a)
Ionized Calcium
b)
Protein
c)
Complexed with anions
13.
Which of the following forms makes up 10% of calcium?
a)
Ionized Calcium
b)
Protein
c)
Complexed with anions
14.
What proportion of calcium exists in the body as complexes with anions?
a)
50%
b)
40%
c)
10%
15.
What proportion of calcium exists in the body as Protein (mostly albumin)?
a)
50%
b)
40%
c)
10%
16.
What proportion of calcium exists in the body as Ionized (active) calcium?
a)
50%
b)
40%
c)
10%
17.
Hyperparathyroidism - main cause
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
18.
Benign familial hypocalciuria
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
19.
Milk alkali syndrome (MAS)
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
20.
Acidosis
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
21.
Multiple myeloma
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
22.
Sarcoidosis
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
23.
Diabetes mellitus - Increased ketoacids and non ketoacids
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
24.
Cancer (lung and mammary) - PTH related peptide
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
25.
CHIMPS -Cancer -Hyperthyroidism -Iatrogenic issues -Multiple myeloma -HYperparathyroidism -Sarcoidoisis
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
26.
Primary hypothyroidism
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
27.
Hypomagnesemia
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
28.
Acute pancreatitis
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
29.
Malabsorption syndrome
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
30.
DiGeorge syndrome (zinc is decreased as well)
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
31.
Fluoride poisoning
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
32.
Multiple transfusion
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
33.
Alkalosis
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
34.
Vitamin D deficiency
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
35.
Rhabdomyolysis
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
36.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
37.
Renal failure - urinary excretion
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
38.
CHARD -Calcitonin Hypoparathyroidism -Alkalosis -Renal failure -Vitamin D deficit
a)
Hypercalcemia
b)
Hypocalcemia
39.
Serum protein: Dehydration or hemoconcentration may elevate serum albumin
a)
Increased total calcium
b)
Decreased calcium
40.
Serum protein: A decrease in plasma protein concentration will result in
a)
Increased total calcium
b)
Decreased calcium
41.
How does recumbent posture affect calcium concentration?
a)
Increased total calcium
b)
Decreased calcium
42.
How does venous occlusion affect calcium concentration?
a)
Increased total calcium
b)
Decreased calcium
43.
Which of the following is the best sample for analyzing total calcium?
a)
Whole blood
b)
Serum
c)
Plasma
d)
Urine
e)
Heparin
44.
Which of the following is the best sample for analyzing ionized calcium?
a)
Whole blood
b)
Serum
c)
Plasma
d)
Urine
e)
Heparin
45.
Which of the following is the preferred anticoagulant for Calcium determination?
a)
Sodium Heparin
b)
Lithium Heparin
c)
Calcium Titrated Heparin
d)
EDTA
e)
Sodium Citrate
46.
Free calcium + Protein bound calcium
a)
Total Calcium
b)
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
c)
Precipitation and Redox titration
d)
Colorimetry
47.
Which of the following is the reference method for analyzing calcium?
a)
Total Calcium
b)
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
c)
Precipitation and Redox titration
d)
Colorimetry
48.
Clark collip and ferro ham chloranilic acid precipitation is used on...
a)
Total Calcium
b)
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
c)
Precipitation and Redox titration
d)
Colorimetry
49.
for total calcium
a)
Total Calcium
b)
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
c)
Precipitation and Redox titration
d)
Colorimetry
50.
Ortho-Cresolpthalein Complexone Dyes (OCC) is used under which method for calcium determination?
a)
Total Calcium
b)
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
c)
Precipitation and Redox titration
d)
Colorimetry
51.
Arzenazo III dye is used under which method for calcium determination?
a)
Total Calcium
b)
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
c)
Precipitation and Redox titration
d)
Colorimetry
52.
Bachra is used under which method for calcium determination?
a)
EDTA titration method
b)
Ion-selective electrode
c)
Flame Emission Photometry
53.
Dawer is used under which method for calcium determination?
a)
EDTA titration method
b)
Ion-selective electrode
c)
Flame Emission Photometry
54.
Sobel is used under which method for calcium determination?
a)
EDTA titration method
b)
Ion-selective electrode
c)
Flame Emission Photometry
55.
Liquid membrane is used under which method for calcium determination?
a)
EDTA titration method
b)
Ion-selective electrode
c)
Flame Emission Photometry
56.
Distribution = 80% are in the bones, 20% are in the tissues, and <1% of this electrolyte is found in the plasma.
a)
Calcium
b)
Inorganic phosphorus
c)
Magnesium
d)
Bicarbonate
57.
This electrolyte is for insulin-mediated-glucose entry.
a)
Calcium
b)
Inorganic phosphorus
c)
Magnesium
d)
Bicarbonate
58.
Which of the following is inversely related to Calcium?
a)
Calcium
b)
Inorganic phosphorus
c)
Magnesium
d)
Bicarbonate
59.
It is an important constituent of high-energy compounds (ATP), nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), enzyme cofactors (NADPH), and lipids (phspholipids)
a)
Calcium
b)
Inorganic phosphorus
c)
Magnesium
d)
Bicarbonate
60.
Principal anion within cells.
a)
Organic phosphate
b)
Inorganic phosphate
61.
Part of the blood buffer; most phosphate in serum is in this form.
a)
Organic phosphate
b)
Inorganic phosphate
62.
What proportion makes up 55% of phosphorus?
a)
Free phosphorus
b)
Complexed with ions
c)
Protein-bound
63.
What proportion makes up 35% of phosphorus?
a)
Free phosphorus
b)
Complexed with ions
c)
Protein-bound
64.
What proportion makes up 10% of phosphorus?
a)
Free phosphorus
b)
Complexed with ions
c)
Protein-bound
65.
Free form of phosphorus makes up how many percent of phosphorus?
a)
55%
b)
35%
c)
10%
66.
Complex with ions form of phosphorus makes up how many percent of phosphorus?
a)
55%
b)
35%
c)
10%
67.
Protein-bound form of phosphorus makes up how many percent of phosphorus?
a)
55%
b)
35%
c)
10%
68.
Inorganic phosphorus is inversely related to...
a)
Calcium
b)
Inorganic phosphorus
c)
Magnesium
d)
Bicarbonate
69.
Decreases phosphate by renal excretion/most important factor
a)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
b)
Vitamin D
c)
Calcitonin
d)
Growth hormone (GH)
70.
How does PTH affect phosphate concentration?
a)
Increases phosphate
b)
Decreases phosphate
71.
How does calcitonin affect phosphate concentration?
a)
Increases phosphate
b)
Decreases phosphate
72.
How does Vitamin D affect phosphate concentration in the intestine and kidneys?
a)
Increases phosphate
b)
Decreases phosphate
73.
How does growth hormone affect phosphate concentration in the intestine and kidneys?
a)
Increases phosphate
b)
Decreases phosphate
74.
Increases both phosphate absorption in the intestine and reabsorption in the kidney
a)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
b)
Vitamin D
c)
Calcitonin
d)
Growth hormone (GH)
75.
Inhibits bone resorption; thereby DECREASING (v) PO4
a)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
b)
Vitamin D
c)
Calcitonin
d)
Growth hormone (GH)
76.
Increases phosphate by decreasing renal excretion
a)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
b)
Vitamin D
c)
Calcitonin
d)
Growth hormone (GH)
77.
Hypoparathyroidism = Decreased PTH = Decreased Calcium = but INCREASED PO4
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
78.
Hypoparathyroidism
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
79.
Renal failure or tubular failure
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
80.
Phosphate from cow's milk or laxative
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
81.
Hypervitaminosis D
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
82.
Increased breakdown of cells
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
83.
Severe infections
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
84.
Intensive exercise
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
85.
Neoplastic disorders
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
86.
Intravascular hemolysis
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
87.
Transcellular shift is the major cause of this phenomenon. An increased shift in phosphate into cells can lead to __ phosphate in the blood.
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
88.
Diabetic ketoacidosis -> Diabetic coma
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
89.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
90.
Asthma
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
91.
Alcohol abuse
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
92.
Primary hyperparathyroidism
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
93.
Malignancy
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
94.
Avitaminosis D
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
95.
Long term treatment with parenteral nutrition
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
96.
Inflammatory bowel disease
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
97.
Anorexia nervosa
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
98.
Renal tubular defects
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
99.
Diuretics
a)
Hyperphosphatemia
b)
Hypophosphatemia
100.
Is fasting required when testing for inorganic phosphorus?
a)
Yes
b)
No
c)
Maybe
d)
I don't know
101.
This can lead to decreased levels of phosphorus.
a)
Fasting
b)
High CHO diet
c)
Sadness
d)
Anger
102.
In late morning, phosphorus is...
a)
Low
b)
High
103.
In the afternoon, phosphorus is...
a)
Low
b)
High
104.
It is the most commonly used method to measure serum inorganic phosphate
a)
Fiske Subbarow Method (Ammonium molybdate method)
b)
Folin Wu Method
c)
GC MS
d)
MS/MS
105.
An intracellular cation second to Potassium (K+)
a)
Inorganic phosphorus
b)
Magnesium
c)
Bicarbonate
d)
Calcium
106.
Aside from calcium, majority of this electrolyte is stored in the bones.
a)
Inorganic phosphorus
b)
Magnesium
c)
Bicarbonate
107.
Which of the following electrolytes influences neuromuscular transmission and also a cofactor?
a)
Inorganic phosphorus
b)
Magnesium
c)
Bicarbonate
108.
4th most abundant cation
a)
Inorganic phosphorus
b)
Magnesium
c)
Bicarbonate
d)
Calcium
109.
Which of the following electrolyte is a vasodilator and cause decrease uterine hyperactivity in eclampsic states and is associated with increased uterine blood flow?
a)
Inorganic phosphorus
b)
Magnesium
c)
Bicarbonate
d)
Calcium
110.
Which of the following electrolytes is important in maintaining the structure of DNA, RNA, and Ribosomes?
a)
Inorganic phosphorus
b)
Magnesium
c)
Bicarbonate
d)
Calcium
111.
Which of the following electrolytes is associated with synthesis of CHO, CHONS, and lipids?
a)
Inorganic phosphorus
b)
Magnesium
c)
Bicarbonate
d)
Calcium
112.
Which of the following electrolytes is responsible for regulating movement of potassium across myocardium?
a)
Inorganic phosphorus
b)
Magnesium
c)
Bicarbonate
d)
Calcium
113.
Which of the following electrolyte is life threatening and symptoms occur if it reach 5 mmol/L (leads to cardiac problem)
a)
Inorganic phosphorus
b)
Magnesium
c)
Bicarbonate
d)
Calcium
114.
how does PTH affect Magnesium concentration?
a)
Increased Magnesium
b)
Decreased Magnesium
115.
How does Aldosterone and T4 affect Magnesium concentration?
a)
Increased Magnesium
b)
Decreased Magnesium
116.
Addison's disease
a)
Hypermagnesemia
b)
Hypomagnesemia
117.
Antacid intake
a)
Hypermagnesemia
b)
Hypomagnesemia
118.
Severe diarrhea
a)
Hypermagnesemia
b)
Hypomagnesemia
119.
Acute renal failure
a)
Hypermagnesemia
b)
Hypomagnesemia
120.
Malnutrition
a)
Hypermagnesemia
b)
Hypomagnesemia
121.
Malabsorption syndrome
a)
Hypermagnesemia
b)
Hypomagnesemia
122.
Chronic alcoholism
a)
Hypermagnesemia
b)
Hypomagnesemia
123.
Which of the following diseases under hypomagnesemia leads to decreased levels of Potassium (K+) as well?
a)
Severe diarrhea
b)
Acute renal failure
c)
Malnutrition
d)
Malabsorption syndrome
e)
Chronic alcoholism
124.
Which of the following methods used in Magnesium determination produces reddish-violet complex and a colorimetric method?
a)
Calmagite Method
b)
Formazen Dye method
c)
Magnesium thymol blue method
125.
2nd most abundant anion in the ECF
a)
Inorganic phosphorus
b)
Magnesium
c)
Bicarbonate
d)
Calcium
126.
Involved in the Chloride shift
a)
Inorganic phosphorus
b)
Magnesium
c)
Bicarbonate
d)
Calcium
127.
This electrolyte is a blood buffer.
a)
Inorganic phosphorus
b)
Magnesium
c)
Bicarbonate
d)
Calcium
128.
GI loss
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
129.
Diabetes mellitus (DM)
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
130.
Hyperchloremicacidosis
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
131.
Lactic acidosis
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
132.
Vomiting
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
133.
Overcorrection of hypercapnia
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
134.
Mineral corticoid excess - high aldosterone
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
135.
Iatrogenic (NaHCO3)
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
136.
Total volume loss - dehydrated, diuretics
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
137.
High pH
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
138.
Compensation is done via Hypoventilation
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
139.
Compensation is done via hyperventilation
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
140.
pH is low
a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Metabolic alkalosis
141.
Compensation of metabolic acidosis
a)
Hypoventilation
b)
Hyperventilation
142.
Compensation of metabolic alkalosis
a)
Hypoventilation
b)
Hyperventilation