An application requires access to a shared dataset of 50 TB across thousands of EC2 instances in a single VPC. The workload involves reading large video files sequentially and requires consistent sub-millisecond latency. Which storage service should a Solutions Architect recommend?

A legacy on-premises application writes files directly to a local file system. The company wants to use S3 as a durable backup target for these files without modifying the application. Which AWS Storage Gateway configuration is most appropriate?

You have an EBS volume (io2 Block Express) attached to a production EC2 instance. You need to create a crash-consistent backup that can be used to launch a new instance in a different AZ within minutes. Which method should you use?

A financial trading application running on an m5.8xlarge instance requires single-digit millisecond latency for writing small, random I/O transactions to disk. The data must be persisted beyond the lifecycle of the instance. Which EBS volume type is MOST appropriate?

Your company must maintain a 7-year archive of financial records for regulatory compliance. The data is almost never accessed, but if needed, a retrieval time of several hours is acceptable. What is the MOST cost-effective storage solution?

A database running on an EC2 instance uses an Instance Store for its transaction logs. The instance is stopped for a maintenance window. What happens to the data?

You need to deploy a Microsoft SQL Server database on EC2 that requires 40,000 IOPS and 64,000 IOPS bursting capability. The database volume must be encrypted and support EBS Multi-Attach. Which EBS volume meets these requirements?

A media company has 100 TB of video assets in an on-premises NAS. They want to make this content available to cloud-based rendering farms with the lowest possible latency. The on-premises team also needs to continue updating the files locally. What is the best hybrid architecture?

An application stores sensitive data in S3. For compliance, objects must be immutable for a fixed period of 3 years after creation, even by root users. How can you achieve this?

You have an application that writes 200 MB/s of sequential data to a single EBS volume for 8 hours each day. For the remaining 16 hours, there is no write activity. Which volume type provides the best performance at the lowest cost?

An Amazon EFS file system is mounted on an EC2 instance. What happens if the NFS client on the EC2 instance loses network connectivity to the EFS mount target for 30 seconds?

A company wants to analyze a 500 GB archive stored in S3 Glacier Deep Archive. They need to retrieve the entire archive with the fastest possible speed, and cost is not a primary concern. Which retrieval option should they choose?

You need to provide a file share that supports the SMB protocol, integrates with Microsoft Active Directory, and supports shadow copies (Volume Shadow Copy Service - VSS) for user self-service file restoration. Which service should you use?

An application on an EC2 instance writes a critical log file every second. To protect against an AZ failure, you need a durable, cross-AZ copy of this log file that is available within seconds of it being written. The solution must be managed with minimal operational overhead. What should you do?

You have an io2 volume provisioned for 10,000 IOPS. The attached EC2 instance is a c5.large. The application is not achieving the expected IOPS performance. What is the MOST likely bottleneck?

A company's on-premises backup software only supports writing to physical tape libraries. They want to replace their physical tapes with a cloud-based solution without changing their backup software or processes. Which AWS service should they use?

You configure an S3 Lifecycle policy to transition objects from Standard-IA to Glacier after 60 days. An object in Standard-IA is 55 days old. What is the minimum total storage duration charge for this object?

An IAM user has programmatic access to an S3 bucket. They have permission to perform s3:PutObject but do NOT have permission for s3:PutObjectAcl. The bucket is owned by a different AWS account and has the ACLs disabled. The user uploads an object. Who will be the owner of the uploaded object, and what permissions will it have?

A company's web application, hosted on EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer, must serve static assets (images, JS, CSS) to a global user base. The architecture must be highly scalable, reduce latency for end users, and minimize the load on the application servers. What is the MOST effective design pattern to achieve this?