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Biochem and NOS Review

Total questions: 52

Worksheet time: 55mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the following is NOT a biological macromolecule?
a)
Water
b)
Lipid
c)
Carbohydrate
d)
Nucleic Acid
2.
All biological macromolecules are organic, meaning they have ________ and hydrogen bonds.
a)
Carbon
b)
Hydrogen
c)
Nitrogen
d)
Oxygen
3.
What are the monomers (building blocks) of CARBOHYDRATES?
a)

Monosaccharides/Glucose (simple sugars)

b)
Amino Acids
c)
Nucleotides
d)
Triglycerides/No true monomer
4.
What are the monomers (building blocks) of PROTEINS?
a)
Monosaccharides (simple sugars)
b)
Amino Acids
c)
Nucleotides
d)
Triglycerides/No true monomer
5.
What are the monomers (building blocks) of NUCLEIC ACIDS?
a)
Monosaccharides (simple sugars)
b)
Amino Acids
c)
Nucleotides
d)
Triglycerides/No true monomer
6.
What are the monomers (building blocks) of LIPIDS?
a)
Monosaccharides (simple sugars)
b)
Amino Acids
c)
Nucleotides
d)

Triglycerides(made of 3 fatty acids)/No true monomer

7.
What is the primary function of CARBOHYDRATES?
a)
Source of energy
b)
Long term storage of energy
c)
Transmitting genetic information
d)
Cell processes and cell signaling
8.
What is the primary function of PROTEINS?
a)
Source of energy
b)
Long term storage of energy
c)
Transmitting genetic information
d)
Cell processes and cell signaling
9.
What is the primary function of LIPIDS?
a)
Source of energy
b)
Long term storage of energy
c)
Transmitting genetic information
d)
Cell processes and cell signaling
10.
What is the primary function of NUCLEIC ACIDS?
a)
Source of energy
b)
Long term storage of energy
c)
Transmitting genetic information
d)
Cell processes and cell signaling
11.

Match the following Macromolecules to their pictures.

a)
1.

Carbohydrate

b)
2.

Lipid

c)
3.

Protein

d)
4.

Nucleic acid

12.
With what 3 letters do enzymes typically end?
a)
-ose
b)
-ase
c)
-ese
d)
-tic
13.

Enzymes are an example of

a)

Lipids

b)

Carbohydrate

c)

Protein

d)

Nucleic Acid

14.

What are two factors that can affect an enzymes ability to function?

a)

No changing

b)

temperature and pH

c)

night and day

d)

hot and cold

15.
The graph shows how enzymes affect reactions in cells. Which statement best summarizes the information shown in the graph?
a)
Enzymes increase the energy of the reactants.
b)
Enzymes decrease the energy level of the products.
c)
Enzyme decrease the activation energy of the reaction.
d)
Enzymes reverse the direction of the reaction.
16.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
a)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
b)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
c)
The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
d)
The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
17.
Based on the graph, what is the optimal temperature for this enzyme? 
a)
15oC
b)
40oC
c)
30oC
d)
35oC
18.
An enzyme speeds up a reaction by
a)
lowering the activation energy.
b)
raising the activation energy.
c)
releasing energy.
d)
absorbing energy.
19.

Many of the proteins in the human body are enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions. Which graph showcases the relationship between pH and enzyme activity the best?

a)

chymotrypsin

b)

pepsin

c)

cholinesterase

d)

papain

20.
As food travels through the digestive system, it is exposed to a variety of pH levels. The stomach has a pH of 2 due to the presence of hydrochloride acid (HCl), and the small intestine has a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HCl converts pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach. Which of the following most likely happens to pepsin as it enters the small intestine?
a)
 It becomes inactive.
b)
It begins to replicate.
c)
 It's shape changes to engulf large proteins.
d)
It's activity increases to digest more proteins.
21.
The graph shows how the activity of an enzyme changes over a range of pH values. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
a)
pepsin works best at a pH near 2
b)
pepsin works best at a pH of 9
22.
What word describes when water is attracted to other substances?
a)
cohesion
b)
adhesion
c)
capillary action
d)
surface tension
23.
Attractions between the negative Oxygen atom of one water molecule and the positive Hydrogen atom of another water molecule are called
a)
Covalent bonds
b)
Ionic bonds
c)
Polar bonds
d)
Hydrogen bonds
24.
Why does ice float?
a)
As water freezes, it expands and its density decreases.
b)
As water freezes, it takes up more hydrogen from the atmosphere, causing it to have a greater buoyancy.
c)
As water freezes, air becomes trapped between the hydrogen bonds of water molecules.
d)
As water freezes, it takes up more oxygen from the atmosphere, causing it to have a greater buoyancy.
25.
Which end of the water molecule has a slightly positive charge?
a)
the oxygen end
b)
the hydrogen end
c)
both ends are slightly positive
d)
neither end is positive
26.
Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. What is the reason for this phenomenon?
a)
Water is an acid.
b)
Water is a versatile solvent.
c)
Water has a high heat capacity.
d)
 Water acts as a buffer.
27.
Water is a universal solvent because it...
a)
It can be found anywhere
b)
It freezes when it gets cold
c)
floats when frozen
d)
Dissolves most substances
28.
 Small insects can walk across the surface of calm water. Their feet push the surface of the water down slightly, somewhat like a person walking across a trampoline, but they do not break the surface. What is the best explanation for why this happens?
a)
The insects are light enough so that they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together
b)
The insects actually use their wings to hover slightly above the water's surface and they only skim it with their feet
c)
The insects' feet are non-polar, so they are repelled by the polar water molecules and are pushed away from the water's surface
d)
The insects are small enough to see the individual water molecules, so they are able to step carefully from one molecule to the next
29.
The fact that ice floats on liquid water is due to the fact that water's solid is ___________ than it's liquid form
a)
less polar
b)
more polar
c)
less dense
d)
more dense
30.
Which statement explains why water molecules stick together?
a)
both sides are negative
b)
one side has a positive charge and the other side has a negative charge
c)
one side has a negative charge adn the other side has a neutral charge
d)
both sides are positive
31.
When a molecule has an opposite electrical charge on each end, it is known as what?
a)
cohesion
b)
polar molecule
c)
hydrogen bond
d)
solution
32.

The ability of water molecules to stick to each other, creating surface tension is called:

a)

Cohesion

b)

Adhesion

c)

Insulation

d)

Ph

33.

What is the chemical symbol of water?

a)

H2O

b)

CO2

c)

O2

d)

N2

34.

Blood functions as a transport mechanism to take nutrients and oxygen to all cells in the body. What property of water allows for this to occur?

a)

Expansion Upon Freezing

b)

Universal Solvent

c)

Cohesive Behavior

d)

Ability to Moderate Temperature

35.

Which property of water allows water to climb up a tree's root system to the leaves?

a)

Cohesion

b)

Adhesion

c)

Polarity

d)

Capillary Action

36.

Capillary Action occurs due to...

a)

Surface Tension

b)

Cohesion

c)

Adhesion

d)

All of the above

37.
1  Enzymes are proteins that help increase the rate of chemical reactions inside cells. These proteins are composed of many simpler molecules called amino acids. Which of the following suggests that the shape of an enzyme determines the enzyme’s function?
a)
Enzymes are specific to a substrate.
b)
 Enzymes can operate in a wide range of conditions.
c)
Enzymes are activated by neighboring molecules.  
d)
Enzymes can be found in all life-forms.
38.
Some students are instructed to put a celery stalk in a red dye solution for a lab activity. First the students carefully cut the bottom of the stalk with a scalpel. Then they put the stalk in the beaker with the solution and place the beaker on a shelf in the lab room. The next day they check the stalk and make observations. The students note that the leaves at the end of the stalk have changed color from green to red. The students cut across the celery stalk and use a hand lens  to see that the small tube openings along the edge of the celery stalk are also red. The cross section is shown below.
How do the plant systems work together to make this movement of liquid possible?
a)
F  The roots absorb water and minerals and move them up to the stem, while the stem moves food produced in the leaves down to the roots in tiny tubes.
b)
The roots anchor the plant in the soil, and the stem holds the leaves up.
c)
The roots absorb their own water and minerals, while the stem absorbs its water and minerals through the leaves
d)
The roots lose water vapor to the soil, and the stem loses water vapor through the leaves.
39.

What is an observation?

a)

A guess about an object or event based on prior knowledge and experiences.

b)

A detailed examination of the elements or structure of something.

c)

Information gathered through the senses or scientific instruments.

d)

A conclusion drawn from evidence and reasoning.

40.

Which of the following is an inference?

a)

The sky is blue.

b)

The plant's leaves are green and moist.

c)

The dog must be hungry because it is whining.

d)

The temperature is 30°C.

41.

How can evidence be used to support an inference?

a)

By guessing the outcome of an event.

b)

By providing observations that align with the inference.

c)

By changing the inference to fit the evidence.

d)

By ignoring contradictory evidence.

42.

What distinguishes an observation from an inference?

a)

Observations can change, but inferences cannot.

b)

Observations are always true, while inferences are guesses.

c)

Observations are data collected through senses, while inferences are interpretations of that data.

d)

Inferences are more accurate than observations.

43.

Which of the following is an example of using an observation to draw a conclusion?

a)

Assuming it will rain because the sky is dark.

b)

Noticing that a plant's leaves are drooping and concluding it needs water.

c)

Believing a friend is mad because they didn't say hello.

d)

Predicting a team will win based on their past performance.

44.
A scientist is performing an experiment to determine the melting point of a new substance. Which action could increase the likelihood of obtaining accurate results? 
a)
repeating the experiment three times
b)
experimenting with multiple substances
c)
writing out the procedure after the experiment
d)
using three types of thermometers
45.
How does repeating an expirement improve the likelihood of obtaining accurate results?
a)
data can be compared
b)
time can be decreased
c)
equipment can be added
d)
procedures can be changed
46.
Science or Pseudoscience:  Personal bias and the opinion of the scientist.
a)
Science
b)
Pseudoscience
47.
Science or Pseudoscience:  Changing the data so that it supports my prediction.
a)
Science
b)
Pseudoscience
48.

In the United States, there has been relatively little experimentation involving the insertion of genes from other species into human DNA. What is one reason for the limitations of these experiments?

a)

The subunits of human DNA are different from the DNA subunits of other species.

b)

Inserting foreign DNA into human DNA would require using completely new techniques.

c)

Human DNA always promotes human survival, so there is no need to insert foreign genes into it.

d)

There are many ethical questions to be answered before inserting foreign genes into human DNA.

49.

Scientists have produced a genetically modified orange tree that is resistant to disease. Which of the following is the best example of a potential benefit to society that could result from this biotechnology?

a)

reduction in orange crops produced

b)

increase in orange crops produced

c)

increase in the cost of orange crop

d)

a change in the distribution of insects that pollinate orange flowers

50.

A great deal of information can now be obtained about the future health of individuals by examining the genetic makeup of their cells. There are concerns that this information could be used to deny an individual health insurance or employment. What do these concerns best illustrate?

a)

Scientific explanations are based on evidence collected mainly from a single source.

b)

Scientific inquiry involves the collection of information from a large number of sources.

c)

Acquiring too much knowledge about human genetics will discourage future research in this area of science.

d)

Values are essential to making ethical decisions when applying new research that adds to existing knowledge.

51.

Scientists have inserted a gene that codes for resistance to a biodegradable weedkiller into a certain plant. Which of the following is most likely to occur when this gene is inserted?

a)

The plant will become able to produce chemicals to kill weeds around it.

b)

The plant will become able to produce chemicals to kill weeds around it.

c)

The plant will become able to convert the weedkiller into fertilizer.

d)

The plant is more likely to survive when exposed to the weedkiller.

52.

An estimated 73,000 cases of infection from E. coli bacteria in food are reported in the United States each year. Heat treatment has been the preferred way to kill the bacteria, which are often found in beef products. Recently, irradiation using electron beam technology has been used to treat ground beef. The irradiation process disrupts the genetic structure of the bacteria, either killing them or leaving them unable to reproduce.

What is one potential danger of irradiating food?

a)

The dead bacteria might remain in the food and cause illnesses.

b)

The nutrients in the foods might also be destroyed by the irradiation.

c)

The bacteria might grow stronger and become more toxic to humans.

d)

The food might heat up to unsafe levels during the irradiation process.